四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.88

3.88

"If a bhikṣu is in an eating-family that possesses treasure and forcefully sits down, it is a prāyaścittika." The complete text of this precept contains three clauses: first, the offender; second, that the eating-family possesses treasure; third, forceful sitting, establishing the offense. In defining the marks, the first clause is understood. Second, regarding "eating-family that possesses treasure": the Vinaya says, "A man takes a woman as food; a woman takes a man as food; therefore it is called an 'eating-family.'" "Treasure" refers to the seven treasures; husband and wife value each other like treasures, hence it is called "possessing treasure within." The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya says, "When the passions of a man and a woman feed on each other, it is called an 'eating-family.'" The Sarvāstivāda Vinaya says, "Families that have severed sexual desire and those where both partners observe the fasting precepts are called 'non-eating families.'" Third, regarding "forcefully sits down": the Vinaya says, "If he sits down where his outstretched hand cannot reach the door, obstructing their affairs, it is called 'forcefully sitting down.'" Regarding "it is a prāyaścittika": the Vinaya says, "If a bhikṣu is in an eating-family where neither husband nor wife is observing the fasting precepts and he forcefully sits down, he commits a prāyaścittika. If one of the two clauses alternates, he commits a duṣkṛta; if both observe the fasting precepts, there is no offense." The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya says, "Taking pleasure in seeing visual forms is what is meant by 'food.' Among the four kinds of food, this food is contact-food; because the visual faculty confronts visual forms, it is called contact-food." The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya says, "If he knows it obstructs their affairs, he commits an offense." The Sarvāstivāda Vinaya says, "If many people go in and out of this house, there is no offense." The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā says, "Regarding 'possessing treasure': because she wears precious garments that are light and revealing, exciting lust." The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya says, "If a fourth person is present who is both blind and deaf, it is still a prāyaścittika. If one condition applies to each of two people, it is a duṣkṛta. If one blind person and one deaf person together make up one person, there is no offense. If the bhikṣu stands without sitting, it is a duṣkṛta. As for non-offenses: if in an eating-family that possesses treasure, he sits where his outstretched hand can reach the door; or if there are two bhikṣus as companions; or if there is a person capable of discernment; or if workers are together in the same place; or if he passes directly through without stopping; or if an illness breaks out and he collapses to the ground; or if he is restrained by force; or if he is bound; or if there is a danger to life or to the brahmacarya, there is no offense."