律戒本疏 1.97

1.97

四十四裸外道若出家男若出家女手自與食犯墮　毘羅然國主阿耆達王。請佛及僧。安居三月。如來宿緣。王遂迷忘。三月將過。餘有七日。佛遣阿難白王欲去。王聞驚喜。問其所由。阿難以實而答。王乃憶悟。驚惶慚懼。請留世尊。世尊不許。求供七日。佛哀受之。七日以訖。至跋者國省達恥愧。送食追佛。跋者國中咸責彼王。日日致供。令無空缺。追送之誠亦無由得。設觀其所少。所少唯當設術。佛先來聽。眾咸不受。佛愍彼故。開令受術。受術已訖。王欲還國。種種食具委地而去。時有五百乞人。隨求食眾食之餘常以與之。有人問之。何處得食。答言。是禿居士常與我食。於是結戒。不復聽與。後至舍衛。眾僧會食。二裸形女就阿難乞。阿難即以餅分與。二人餅相連看。阿難不覺。一人得二。一人得一。得一者索半。得二者不與。彼便瞋謗難。是汝智前乞食。梵志已作毀言。今此裸形女復興醜謗。因是廣結。一切德九十五種。出家外道悉勿與。與食者犯墮。彼食不消。或病或死別中惡謂飯與毒。彼無慚愧。起諸邪謗。以此小慈毀滅佛法。不與之音斷可見矣。若裸形人病。若是親理。若來受戒。與食無罪。若於眾求索水菓。聽其自取。若在家波羅門與彼無罪。以其亦少信佛修善根。

Forty-four: Giving food with one's own hand to a naked non-Buddhist, whether a male or female renunciant, commits an offense of pāyattika. King Agnidatta, ruler of the country of Vairañjā, invited the Buddha and the Saṃgha to spend the three months of the rains retreat. Owing to past karma of the Tathāgata, the king became oblivious and forgot. When the three months were nearly past and seven days remained, the Buddha sent Ānanda to inform the king that he wished to leave. Hearing this, the king was startled, asked the reason, and Ānanda answered with the truth. The king then recalled and awakened, and in alarm, shame, and fear, begged the World-Honoured One to stay. The World-Honoured One did not grant it. He then asked to make offerings for seven days, and the Buddha compassionately accepted. When the seven days were ended, he arrived in the country of Bhargava. [Agnidatta,] feeling deep shame and regret, sent food in pursuit of the Buddha. In the country of Bhargava, everyone rebuked that king, [saying that they themselves] provided offerings daily without fail, and that his sincerity in sending food in pursuit was groundless. If one observed what they lacked, what they lacked was only the performance of magic arts. Previously, the Buddha had allowed it, but the assembly all did not accept it. The Buddha, pitying him, opened permission for them to accept the magic arts. When the acceptance of the magic arts was finished, the king wished to return to his country, leaving various food utensils abandoned on the ground and departed. At that time there were five hundred beggars who followed the assembly seeking food; the remnants of food were regularly given to them. Someone asked them: 'Where do you obtain food?' They replied: 'Those bald householders regularly give us food.' Thereupon the precept was formulated, no longer allowing giving to them. Later, arriving in Śrāvastī, when the Saṃgha gathered for a meal, two naked ascetic women came to Ānanda to beg. Ānanda immediately divided cakes to give them. The cakes of the two stuck together; Ānanda did not notice, so one obtained two and one obtained one. The one who obtained one demanded half; the one who obtained two would not give it. That [woman] then grew angry and slandered him: 'Is this your wisdom in begging for food?' Brāhmaṇas had already uttered disparaging words, and now these naked women again stirred up ugly slander. For this reason, it was broadly formulated: to all ninety-five kinds of renunciant non-Buddhists, none should be given to; one who gives food commits an offense of pāyattika. If their food does not digest, or they fall sick or die, their relatives, harbouring malice, would say the food was poisoned. Lacking shame and remorse, they would give rise to various wrong slanders. By this small compassion, the Buddha-Dharma would be destroyed. The prohibition against giving food can clearly be seen. If a naked person is sick, or if they are relatives by principle, or if they come to receive the precepts, giving food is without offense. If they seek water and fruit from the assembly, they are permitted to take it themselves. If they are lay brāhmaṇas, giving to them is without offense, because they also have a little faith in the Buddha and cultivate good roots.