四部律并論要用抄 2.13

2.13

Text on adjudicating robe materials and possessions from the final fascicle of the 'Vinaya Preface' in the tenth recitation of the Daśādhyāya-vinaya: At a certain dwelling place, a resident monk borrowed property belonging to a stūpa for his own use. This monk died. The monks did not know what should be done. They reported the matter to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 'The value of the robe and bowl property should be calculated and repaid to the stūpa; whatever remains should be distributed by the saṃgha.' At a certain dwelling place, a monk used his own robes and property for a stūpa. This monk died. The monks reported this to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 'The property of the stūpa should be calculated in value, taken back, and distributed to the saṃmukhībhūta-saṃgha.' When a monk borrows property of the cāturdiśa-saṃgha for personal use, or when a monk's personal property is borrowed for use by the cāturdiśa-saṃgha, it is also like this. For visiting monks and resident monks, it is likewise. There was a monk who bought liquor on credit without paying and then died. The liquor seller demanded the price of the liquor from the monks. The monks replied: 'When this monk was alive, why did you not demand the price of the liquor?' The liquor seller said: 'Repay the price of my liquor! If you do not repay it, I will spread an evil reputation about you, saying, "The Śākya ascetics drink liquor and refuse to pay the price."' The monks did not know what to do and reported this to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 'If this monk has robe and bowl property, it should be used to repay it. If during his lifetime he had no property, saṃgha property should be taken to repay it. Why? Because of fear that a bad reputation will be spread about the monks.' A traveler deposited robes and property with a monk, and the monk lost them. Then the merchant went to the monk to demand them. The monk replied: 'I lost them.' This matter was reported to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 'If [the traveler] gave him full discretion, he need not repay; if he was not given full discretion, he must repay.' A monk deposited robe and bowl property with a householder, and the householder lost them. This matter was reported to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 'If he took good care of them and lost them, he need not repay; if he did not take good care of them and lost them, he must repay.' In Kosala there was a dwelling place where a monk died. This monk had deposited his robe and bowl property at a nunnery. The monks said: 'We should distribute it.' The nuns said: 'We should distribute it.' The monks did not know what to do and reported the matter to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 'If the monk deposited it with the nuns before his death, the robe and bowl property should be distributed by the saṃmukhībhūta-bhikṣu-saṃgha.' A nun depositing [property] with monks is also like this. When the Buddha was in the country of Śrāvastī, the monk Upananda the Śākyan died. His robes and property were worth three hundred thousand ounces of gold. King Prasenajit said: 'Because this man has no son, this property should belong to me.' The Buddha sent a messenger to say to King Prasenajit: 'When you bestowed [favors] on the people of cities, towns, and villages, did you ever give much or little to Upananda?' The king said: 'I did not give to him.' The Buddha said: 'Through whose power did he manage to sustain his livelihood? It was entirely through the power of the saṃgha; therefore the saṃgha should take it.' When the king heard the Buddha's teaching, he desisted. The kṣatriyas said: 'This monk was of the same kṣatriya clan as us; these robes and property should belong to us.' The Buddha sent a messenger to say to the kṣatriyas: 'When you conduct state affairs and the business of high officials, do you ever consult Upananda?' They replied: 'We do not consult him.' 'When Upananda is absent, when you conduct official business, do you ever wait for him?' They replied: '[No.]' 'Upananda performed karmans together with the saṃgha; when Upananda is absent, the saṃgha does not perform karmans. These robes and property should belong to the saṃgha.' When the kṣatriyas heard the teaching, they desisted. The relatives—maternal, paternal, agnates and cognates—all said: 'Upananda was our uncle, father, maternal uncle, nephew, or brother; this robe and bowl property should belong to us.' The Buddha sent a messenger to say to them: 'When you give daughters in marriage, take wives, assemble together, and give or take money and wealth, do you ever wait for Upananda to give him a share?' They replied: 'No.' 'The Buddha [taught that] those who share robes and food with Upananda ought to receive them. Upananda received his share of robes because the saṃgha gave him food; therefore these robes and bowls should belong to the saṃgha.' When the relatives heard the Buddha's teaching, they desisted. Upananda had deposited robe and bowl property in another place, and this Upananda died in yet another place. The monks at the place where the property was deposited and the monks at the place where he died each said: 'I should distribute these robes and property.' They reported this to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 'This robe and bowl property should be distributed by the saṃmukhībhūta-saṃgha within the sīmā of the place of death.' Furthermore, Upananda had lent out robe and bowl property at interest to people in various places. In a different place, people owed him debts. After his death, the monks at the place of the debt and at the place of death replied: 'We should distribute it.' The Buddha said: 'It should be distributed by the saṃmukhībhūta-saṃgha within the sīmā of the place of debt.' Furthermore, Upananda had robe and bowl property guaranteed and lent at interest in another place, and he died in another place. [The monks where] it was lent at interest in another place and where the guarantor lived and where he died—those at the place of lending and those at the place of guarantee each said: 'These robes and property should belong to us.' The Buddha said: 'It should be distributed by the saṃmukhībhūta-saṃgha within the sīmā of the place of guarantee.' Furthermore, Upananda had robe and bowl property lent at interest against a pledge, each in different places, and he died. After this Upananda died, the monks at the place where the money was taken, the monks at the place of the pledged property, and the monks at the place of death each said: 'This property should belong to us.' The Buddha said: 'It should be distributed by the saṃmukhībhūta-saṃgha within the sīmā of the place of the pledged property.' Furthermore, the monk Upananda died in a different place; the person who drew up the contract was also in a different place; and the person who took the money was again in a different place. The three places disputed without ceasing. The Buddha said: 'It should be distributed by the saṃmukhībhūta-saṃgha within the sīmā of the place where the contract is held in hand. Whether holding the contract in hand or [holding] the pledged property, these two are no different.' When the Buddha was at Śrāvastī in Mulapo (Mūlapoṣadha?), the monk Guṇa died. His robe and bowl property had previously been deposited with the Venerable Ānanda. The monk Guṇa died in another place; the Venerable Ānanda was in yet another place; and the deposited robes and property were again in a different place. The monks in the three places each said: 'I should receive it.' The Buddha said: 'It should be distributed by the saṃmukhībhūta-saṃgha within the sīmā of the place where Ānanda resides.'