四部律并論要用抄 2.12

2.12

The passage explaining heavy and light property in the eighth fascicle of the 'Rules on Robes' in the fourth recitation of the Daśādhyāya-vinaya: The Buddha was in Śrāvastī. Upāli asked the Buddha, saying: "What kinds of property may be divided, and what kinds of property may not be divided?" The Buddha said: "All fields, all rooms and buildings, all couches and bedding, all light carts, all heavy carts, half-decorated carts, and sedan chairs must not be divided. All iron items must not be divided, except for caldrons and bottles holding two dǒu or less, which may be divided; except for bowls, small bowls, half-bowls, keys, razors, pincers, tweezers, nail clippers, needle cases, small knives, door bolts, curved hooks, razor cases, scrapers, nasal irrigation tubes, smoothing irons, incense burners, bowl-hanging hooks, robe hooks, wall hooks, the seven bowl-stands, and meditation weights. Apart from that many items mentioned above, all iron items must not be divided. All copper items must not be divided, except for caldrons and bottles holding two dǒu or less, which may be divided; water-jar lids, knife cases, scrapers, nasal irrigation tubes, smoothing irons, incense burners, bowl-hanging hooks, robe hooks, wall hooks, meditation weights, and top bowl-stands. Apart from that many items mentioned above, all other copper items must not be divided. All stone items must not be divided, except for caldrons and bottles holding two dǒu or less, which may be divided; water bottles, water-jar lids, water utensils, scrapers, nasal irrigation tubes, smoothing irons, bowl-hanging hooks, incense burners, bowls, and meditation weights. Apart from those items, all stone items must not be divided. All crystal items must not be divided, except for caldrons, bowl-hanging hooks, incense burners, and smoothing irons; the rest are as stated above. All ordinary items must not be divided, [but] should be divided: except for caldrons holding two dǒu or less, which may be divided; water-jar lids, water utensils, bowls, small bowls, keys, knife cases, scrapers, nasal irrigation tubes, smoothing irons, incense burners, and meditation weights. Apart from that many items mentioned above, all others must not be divided. All shell items must not be divided, except for knife cases, scrapers, nasal irrigation tubes, smoothing irons, meditation weights, incense burners, bowl-hanging hooks, robe hooks, medicine containers, and top bowl-stands; all these shell items may be divided. All ivory items are likewise. All horn items must not be divided, except for those holding half a dǒu or less, which may be divided; except for knife cases, robe hooks, wall hooks, scrapers, nasal irrigation tubes, meditation weights, medicine containers, and top bowl-stands. All such horn items may be divided; all the rest must not be divided. All leather items must not be divided, except for pouches holding medicine, ghee, and oil that hold half a dǒu or less; corded straw-sandals, corded leather shoes, crude leather, cured leather, and toe-wrapping leather, which may be divided. All wooden items must not be divided, except for decayed ones, or those holding two dǒu or less; water-jar lids, knife cases, scrapers, robe hooks, wall hooks, bowl-stands, and meditation weights. All such wooden items may be divided; all the rest must not be divided. All bamboo items must not be divided, except for canopies, fans, boxes, hampers, mats, walking sticks, and so forth, which may be divided. All red ochre earth may be divided. All dyes, whether boiled or unboiled, must not be divided. In the country of Kośala, there was a monk who died. This monk's robes and property were deposited elsewhere. After the saammukhībhūta-saṃgha had finished dividing the robes and property, they then asked the caregiver: 'Who are you?' He answered, saying: 'Me.' The Saṃgha said: 'You must go and demand the robes deposited in that other place.' The caregivers went to demand them but did not obtain them, and thereupon quarreled with each other. They reported this matter to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 'The six requisites present should first be given to the caregiver; the remaining light property should be divided; heavy property must not be divided.' There was a monk who died, possessing many robes and bowls and much wealth and property. It was not known what water filter and what sitting mat this monk had received. They reported this matter to the Buddha. The Buddha [said]: 'Who was the primary caregiver? The caregiver should first be asked: what threefold robes did the sick person receive? After having inquired in full detail one by one, the six requisites of life should be given to the caregiver, and the remainder should be divided by the Saṃgha. If one does not inquire, does not know, or does not believe in this manner, give the six requisites that are neither exceedingly good nor exceedingly bad.' Furthermore, there was a novice undergoing training (śikṣā-śrāmaṇera) who died. It was not known what should be done with his robes and bowl. They reported this matter to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 'At the time of death, the saammukhībhūta-saṃgha should divide the robes, bowl, and property.' In the country of Kośala, a novice died. The monks did not know what should be done with his robes and bowl. The Buddha said: 'The inner robe he wore should be given to the caregiver. The remaining light property should be divided by the Saṃgha; heavy property must not be divided. The karman must state that such-and-such novice has died. Except for the inner robes belonging to this novice, all the rest is the same.' One precept-keeping monk and a second expelled monk lived together in one place. If the precept-keeping monk died, his robes and property belonged to the other. If the expelled monk died, his robes and property belonged to the precept-keeping monk. When other expelled monks came, they should not be divided and given to them. If two monks live together in one place and one person dies, all robes and property should be accepted by mental reflection and verbal utterance. Once accepted, when other monks come, they must not forcibly be given [any]. If one does not perform the ritual with mental reflection and verbal utterance, these robes must not be accepted; whoever accepts them commits a duṣkṛta. They should also [be given to] other monks. When three monks live together and one person dies, the two persons should take turns receiving and dividing them by hand. When four monks live together and one of them dies, it is likewise. When five monks live together and one person dies, these robes, bowls, and property may be divided by mutual transmission, divided by self-reception, divided according to tallies, or divided by karman (the ritual procedure is easy to understand; whether dividing the property succeeds or not is as above).