大乘百法明門論開宗義決 1.9

1.9

無知疑惑顛倒僻執等者。無知即是世間凡愚。於邪正教都無所解。疑惑即是欲入法人。於邪正教懷猶豫者。顛倒謂是錯入邪教謗毀佛法。諸外道等。僻執即是佛法之中諸部小乘及勝空者。

Regarding "Ignorance, doubt, inverted views, perverse attachment, etc.": Ignorance refers to the ordinary fools of the world, who have no understanding whatsoever of heterodox or orthodox teachings. Doubt refers to those who wish to enter the Dharma, who harbor hesitation regarding heterodox and orthodox teachings. Inverted views refers to those who have mistakenly entered heterodox teachings and slander the Buddha's Dharma, such as various non-Buddhists. Perverse attachment refers to those within the Buddha's Dharma, such as the various Hīnayāna schools and those who overvalue emptiness.