Bhagavadgita 18
Tātparyabodhinī 18
- Language
- Sanskrit
18.1
abhayamiti | abhayaṃ bhayābhāvaḥ ādhyātmikādyupadraveṣu prāpteṣvapi manasi bhayarahityaṃ pareṣāṃ bhayānūtpādanaṃ vā sarvaśāstrajñatayā nirvicikitsaṃ sarvakarmānuṣṭhātṛtvaṃ vā abhayaśabdārthaḥ | satvasaṃśuddhiḥ satvasyāntaḥkaraṇasya saṃśuddhiḥ śuddhatā rāgadveṣalobhamohāsūyāmatsarā haṃkārādidoṣānāśrayatvaṃ | jñānayogavyavasthitiḥ jñānayogaḥ śravaṇamananādistatraiva manaso viśiṣyāvasthitirvyavasthitiḥ sadā tadekaprāvaṇyam | dānamārthibhyaḥ śraddhayā yathāśaktyā annādyarthasamarpaṇaṃ | damo durvettervāhyakaraṇānāmuparamaścetaso daṇḍanaṃ vā damaḥ | cakāraḥ samuccayārthaḥ | yajñaḥ śrauto'gnihotradarśapaurṇamāsasomayāgādiḥ | cakārāt smārtaḥ sthālīpākādiśca gṛhyate | svādhyāyaḥ brahmayajñadevayajñādīnāmapyupalakṣaṇam | tapaḥ devadvijaguruprājñapūjanādi śārīraṃ vācikaṃ mānasikaṃ ca vakṣyamāṇaṃ trividhamapi | ārjavaṃ manovākkāyakarmasu sarvatra sadaikarūpatā |
18.2
kiṃca—ahiṃseti | ahiṃsā tīrthebhyo'nyatra prāṇyahiṃsanaṃ | satyaṃ yathārthabhāṣaṇaṃ | akrodho na krodho'krodhastāḍanapīḍanādyapakāreṇāgrahānudayaḥ | tyāga. kriyamāṇakarmaṇāṃ śrautādīnāmīśvarārpaṇabuddhyā phalatyāgaḥ | śāntiḥ antaḥkaraṇasya sarvatroparatiḥ | apaiśunaṃ parokṣaṃ pararmāprakāśaṃnaṃ | dayā bhūteṣu dīneṣvārtāndhādiṣu karuṇā | aloluptvaṃ viṣayasaṃnnidhāvindriyāṇāṃ vikārarāhityaṃ | mārdavaṃ cittasya kāṭhinyarāhityaṃ śītalatā | hrīrlajjā akāryācaraṇe cittasya saṃkocaḥ | apravṛttikāraṇaṃ acāpalaṃ manasa indriyāṇāṃ ca nirnimittavyāpāraśūnyatā |
18.3
kiṃca—teja iti | tejastejasvaṃ buddheḥ sūkṣmatā prakāśādhikyaṃ vā | kṣamā kṣāntiravikāritvenāgatopadravaṃsahiṣṇutvam | dhṛtirdhairye sati vikṣepe dehendriyamanobuddhīnāṃ niścalatvāpādanaśaktiḥ | śaucamāntaraṃ bāhyaṃ ca | tatra bāhyaṃ mṛjjalābhyāṃ dehamalāpanayanam | āntaraṃ sadasadvivekavijñānena cittasya durvāsanāmalāpanayanam | adrohaḥ drohaḥ svāpakāriṇaṃ hantumicchā tadabhāvo'drohaḥ | nātimānitā ca svasyātipūjyatvābhiniveśo'timānastadabhāvo nātimānaḥ so'syāstīti nātimānī tasya bhāvo nātimānitā | svasya pratiṣṭhānapekṣittvaṃ cābhayādinātimānitāntāḥ ṣaḍḍim̐śatirete sāttvikā dharmāḥ | daivīṃ saṃpadam 'tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvātprakāśakamanāmayam' ityuktatvādīvyate nirmalatvena prakāśata iti devaḥ sattvaguṇastasya saṃbandhinī daivī saṃpatsamṛddhirutkarṣastāṃ daivīṃ saṃpadamabhijātasya pūrvajanmakṛtapuṇyādhikyātsattvādhikyamabhi anusṛtya jātasya | yadvā devānāṃ saṃpadaṃ daivīmabhijātasya bhaviṣyatparamapurūṣārthasya puṇyapuruṣasya bhavanti saṃbhavantītyarthaḥ |
daivīṃ saṃpadamabhijātasyābhayādayo mokṣahetavaḥ sātvikā guṇāḥ prabhavantīti pratipādyāsurīṃ saṃpadamabhijātasyaite guṇā bhavantītyāha—
18.4
dambha iti | veṣabhāṣācārādibhiḥ svasya mahattvasiddhaye svenaiva kulaśīlavidyācāramahattvaprakaṭanaṃ dambhaḥ | vidyārūpakuladhanakarmādinimittaścittodrekaḥ satāmavamānaheturdarpaḥ | svasminnevotkṛṣṭatvabuddhirabhimānaḥ | parāpakāranimitto mahānarthasaṃpādane hetuścittakṣobhaḥ krodhaḥ | paruṣo niṣṭhurabhāṣā tasya bhāvaḥ pāruṣyam | cakāraḥ samuccayārthaḥ | evakāraḥ svapne'pyasya na mṛdūktiritītaravyavacchedārthaḥ | ajñānaṃ sadasadvivekābhāvaḥ cakārāttatkāryaṃ ca | dambhādayo'jñānāntāḥ ṣaḍete rajastamodharmāḥ | āsurīṃ saṃpadaṃ 'rajo rāgātmakaṃ viddhi tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam' iti 'tamastvajñānajaṃ viddhi mohanaṃ sarvadehinām' iti coktatvāddhoraṃ karma kārayituṃ puruṣasyāsūna prāṇānindriyāṇi ca rātyākarṣatītyasuraḥ rajoguṇastamoguṇaśca tasya saṃbandhinyāsurosaṃpatsamṛddhirutkarṣastāmāsurīṃ saṃpadamabhijātasya prāgbhavīyapāpādhikyādrajastamoguṇotkarṣādhikyamabhyanusṛtya jātasya | yadvā asurāṇāṃ saṃpadāsuro saṃpattāṃ saṃpadamāsurīmabhijātasya durātmano bhāvyanarthapātrasya puruṣasya bhavanti saṃbhavantītyarthaḥ |
dvayorapi saṃpadoḥ kāryamāha---
18.5
daivīti | 'abhayaṃ sattvasaṃśuddhiḥ' ityādinā yā daivī saṃpaduktā sā vimokṣāya saṃsārabandhamokṣāya bhavatyato daivasaṃpadyukta evāsaṃmūḍho jñānādhikārī bhavati na tvāsurasaṃpadyukta iti sūcayitumāsurasaṃpatterbandhakatvamāha---nibandhāyeti | dambho darpa ityādinā proktā yā āsurasaṃpat sā bandhāyaiva bhavatīti matā mayā niścitā na kvacidapi mokṣāyetyarthaḥ | tarhyahamāsurasaṃpattimānuta daivasaṃpattimānveti saṃdihyamānamarjunamālakṣya tatsaṃśayaṃ parihartumāha-mā śuca iti | he pāṇḍava, tvaṃ daivīmeva saṃpadamabhijāto'si | tadyuktaḥ saṃsārānmokṣyase mā śucastvamasminnarthe cintāṃ mā kurvityarthaḥ |
nanu 'rākṣasīmāsurīṃ caiva prakṛtiṃ mohinīṃ śritāḥ' iti, 'daivīṃ prakṛtimāśritāḥ' iti, 'prakṛtyā niyatāḥ svayā' iti ca bahvyaḥ prakṛtayaḥ proktāḥ kathametāsāṃ nirṇaya ityākāṅkṣāyāṃ rākṣasyāsuryāmevāntarbhavati devyāsurī ceti prakṛtirdviprakāraiva bhavati | 'prakṛtyā niyatāḥ svayā' iti devyāsurī cocyate na tadatiriktocyata iti prakṛtidvaividhyameva nidarśayannāsurīmeva prakṛtiṃ viśiṣya pratipādayati, heyāṃśe parijñāte upādeyāṃśastadvilakṣaṇatvena jñātuṃ śakyata iti sūcayitum—
18.6
dvāviti | loke'smin saṃsāramaṇḍale bhūtasargau bhūtānāṃ prāṇināṃ sarveṣāṃ ca sargau | sṛjyate saṃsṛjyate gandhaḥ puṣpamiva prāṇicittamanubadhya tiṣṭhatīti sargaḥ svabhāvastau sargau prakṛtī daiva āsuraśceti dvāveva nātirikto'stītyarthaḥ | tayoḥ sargayormadhye abhayamityādinā daivo bhūtasargo vistaraśo vistareṇa proktaḥ | natvāsurastaṃ mumukṣorheyatvena vijñātavyaṃ me mayā vakṣyamāṇaṃ śṛṇviti |
tāmevāsurīṃ saṃpadaṃ pratipādayati dvādaśabhiḥ | tatrādyena teṣāṃ śīlamāha—
18.7
pravṛttimiti | śāstradṛṣṭe kartavye dharme pravṛttiṃ ca śāstradṛṣṭānarthahetoradharmānivṛttiṃ ca āsurā āsurasvabhāvā rajastamoguṇapradhānā janā na viduḥ | dharmamadharmaṃ ca na jānantītyarthaḥ | nanu 'satyaṃ vada | dharmaṃ cara' ityādiśrutau vidyamānāyāṃ kathaṃ te dharmamadharmaṃ ca na jānantītyāśaṅkāyāṃ teṣāṃ tatrāpramāṇatvabuddhyā viśvāso nāstīti sūcayitumāha—na śaucamiti | kartavyākartavyārthajñānaśūnyatvena niṣiddharateṣu teṣu śaucaṃ bāhyamābhyantaraṃ ca nāsti ! tathaiva ācāro'pi nāsti cakārāddayāpi nāsti | satyaṃ yathārthabhāṣaṇaṃ ca nāsti | dayāsatyaśaucācārarahitā āsurā ityarthaḥ |
svabhāvānurūpaṃ teṣāṃ niścayamāha—
18.8
asatyamiti | dayātaḥpaḥsatyaśaucarahitāste āsurā janā yathā svayamasamyaparāstathā jagatsarvamapyasatyaṃ āhuḥ prāhuḥ | vedāḥ vedoktadharmāstatphalabhūtā lokāśca sarve mithyaiveti vadantītyarthaḥ | nanu sukhaduḥkhādibhedalakṣaṇaṃ jagadvaicitryaṃ dṛśyate yatastatkāraṇaṃ dharmādharmau tanmūlabhūtau vedāśca lokāśca sarvaṃ satyamityavagantuṃ śakyata ityata āha— apratiṣṭhamiti | pratiṣṭhantyaneneti pratiṣṭhā kāraṇaṃ sukhaduḥkhādivaicitryahetubhūtau dharmādharmau na pratiṣṭhā'syetyapratiṣṭhaṃ prāhurna dharmādharmanimittakaṃ jagadvaicitryaṃ | kiṃtu vastusvabhāvādeva sukhaduḥkhādivaicitryamiti vadantītyarthaḥ| tathā anīśvaraṃ ca na yasyeśvara utpattikāraṇaṃ tadanīśvaraṃ jagadāhurityarthaḥ | nanvīśvarasya jagadutpattikāraṇatvānaṅgīkāre kathaṃ prajāsarga ityata āha—aparasparasaṃbhūtamiti | aparaśca paraśca aparasparaṃ mithunaṃ tasmātsaṃbhūtamaparasparasaṃbhūtaṃ prāhuḥ | strīpuṃsayoḥ saṃyogājjagatsarvaṃ jātamiti vadantītyarthaḥ | nanu tayorapi prerakaṃ nimittakāraṇamīśvaro'bhyupagantavya ityata āha—kāmahaitukamiti | prajāsarge kāma eva heturyasya tatkāmahetukaṃ kāmahetukameva kāmahaitukaṃ | tayoḥ preraṇe prajāsṛṣṭau kāma eva kāraṇaṃ kimanyattato'nyatkāraṇaṃ kimastīti prāhuḥ | dṛṣṭaṃ tyaktvā adṛṣṭasya dharmāderīśvarasya vā kāraṇatvakalpanā na yukteti vadantītyarthaḥ |
evaṃ teṣāmāsurāṇāṃ pratyakṣaikamānavatāṃ niścayamuktvā niścayasya kāryamāha—
18.9
etāmiti | prāgupadiṣṭāmetāṃ lokāyatikadṛṣṭimavaṣṭabhyā'valambya naṣṭātmānaḥ kāmakrodhalobhamohādilakṣaṇena rajastamodoṣeṇa naṣṭastirohita ātmā vivekabuddhiryeṣāṃ te naṣṭātmānastata evālpabuddhayaḥ alpe tucche sragādiviṣayabhoge buddhiryeṣāṃ te'lpabuddhayaḥ | yadvā alpe malamaṃsāsthimaye dehe ahamiti buddhiryeṣāṃ te dehamātrātmadarśinaḥ | ataevograkarmāṇaḥ ugraṃ krūraṃ śāstraviruddhaṃ dehapoṣaṇaikaprayojanaṃ parahiṃsāpradhānaṃ karma yeṣāṃ te ugrakarmāṇaḥ | ataevāsurāstata evāhitāḥ sādhūnāṃ śatravaḥ | svayaṃ jagato nāśāya jagataḥ sthitihetubhūtavedataduktadharmanāśāyaiva prabhavanti samarthā bhavanti natu rakṣaṇāyetyarthaḥ |
jagannāśāya kathaṃ prabhavantītyata āha—
18.10
kāmamiti | duṣpūraṃ varṣaśatakoṭyādiviṣayabhogena pūrayituṃ tarpayitumaśakyatvāt duṣpūraṃ kāmamekamevāśritya natu dharmaṃ | dambhamānamadānvitāḥ dambho vahirdharmiṣṭatvacihnaṃ | mānaḥ svasminnevotkṛṣṭatvābhiniveśaḥ | mado vidyaiśvaryādikṛtaścittavikāraḥ vivekanāśahetuḥ | svayametairanvitā āsurā mohādasati sadbuddhirmoho'vivekastasmādasadgrāhān asadanarthameva grāhayanti saṃbhāvayantītyasadgrāhāstānniścayān vedaśāstraviruddhān gṛhītvā aśucivratāḥ aśucīnyamaṅgalakarāṇi narakādyanarthakāraṇāni vratāni niyamā yeṣāṃ te'śucivratā bhūtvā jagato nāśāya pravartante |
18.11
kiṃca—cintāmiti | aparimeyāṃ parimātumaśakyām | iyattāśūnyāmityarthaḥ | pralayāntāṃ pralayaścaramaśvāso'nto'vadhiryasyāstāṃ maraṇāvadhikāṃ cintāṃ bhogyasauṣṭhavāsauṣṭhavasiddhvasiddhyālocanarūpāmāśritāḥ kāmopabhogaparamāḥ kāmyanta iti kāmā bhogyapadārthāsteṣāmupabhoga eva paramaḥ niratiśayaḥ puruṣārthaḥ puruṣatvasiddheḥ phalaṃ yeṣāṃ te kāmopabhogaparamāḥ | etāvaditi niścitāḥ pumān janitvā maraṇāntaṃ samyagviṣayānanubhuṅkta iti yatsvetāvadeva puṃjanmanaḥ phalaṃ dehapātasyaiva mokṣatvānnātaḥ paraṃ phalamiti niścitaṃ siddhānto yeṣāṃ te etāvaditi niścitāḥ santaḥ kāmabhogārthamīhante ityuttareṇānvayaḥ |
18.12
kiṃca—āśeti | āśāpāśaśatairbaddhāḥ āśā aprāptārthābhilāṣāstā eva pāśā bandhanarajjavasteṣāṃ śatairbaddhāḥ | kāmakrodhaparāyaṇāḥ āsurāḥ kāmabhogārthaṃ kāmānāṃ stragādiviṣayāṇāṃ bhogārthameva natu dānārthaṃ nāpi dharmārthaṃ ca | kiṃtu viṣayānubhavāyaiva anyāyena śāstraviruddhena mārgeṇa kapaṭavañcanādirūpeṇārthasaṃcayān saṃpādānīhante kurvantītyarthaḥ |
anyāyenārthasaṃpādanaparāṇāmāsurāṇāṃ hṛdaye saṃkalpaprakāramāha—
18.13
idamiti tribhiḥ | spaṣṭārthaḥ |
18.14
kiṃca—asāviti | īśvaro vidyādhanādibhiḥ samarthaḥ siddhaḥ putraiḥ pautraiḥ paśubhirdhanadhānyaiḥ saṃpannaḥ kṛtakṛtyaḥ | śiṣṭaṃ spaṣṭam |
18.15
kiṃca—āḍhya iti | āḍhyo bahudhanasaṃpannaḥ | abhijanavānanūcānaḥ | yakṣye pratiṣṭhārthaṃ dhanārthaṃ jīvanārthaṃ vā yāgaṃ kariṣyāmi | dāsyāmi stāvakebhyo naṭaviṭādibhyo natu śrotriyebhyo bandhubhyaśca | modiṣye dattvā bhuktvā saṃtoṣaṃ prāpsyāmītyevamajñānavimohitāḥ sadasadvivekābhāvo'jñānaṃ tena vividhaṃ mohitāḥ mohaṃ prāptāḥ |
evaṃ kāmasaṃkalpairvividhabhāvāpannānāṃ kāmaparāṇāṃ tatpravṛtteḥ phalamāha—
18.16
aneketi | anekacittavibhrāntāḥ idamadya mayā labdhamityevaṃrūpairanekavidhaiścittavikārairvibhrāntā vividhaṃ bhrāntāḥ | mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ mohaḥ sadasadvivekābhāvaḥ sa eva jālaṃ matsyānāmivāvaraṇātmako nāśakaśca tena samyagāvṛtāstirohitavivekāstata eva kāmabhogeṣu viṣayasevāyāmeva prasaktāḥ prakarṣeṇa saktāḥ pariniṣṭhitāḥ na kvacitsvadharme | tata evāśucau śleṣmapūyahṛdādirūpatvādaśuddhe narake rauravādau patanti |
nanu teṣāmapi brāhmaṇatvena śrutādhyayanādhyāpanasaṃbhavādvedoktakarmānuṣṭhānasaṃbhavācca kathameteṣāṃ vaidikānāmaśucinarakapāta ityāśaṅkāyāṃ na 'śraddhayāgniḥ samidhyate' iti, 'yo vā etadakṣaraṃ gārgyaviditvāsmim̐lloke juhoti' ityādi śrutyuktalakṣaṇābhāvāttairavidhinā kriyamāṇairyajñairyābhāsairnaiśvaraḥ prīyate tanniyamollaṅghanapravṛttatvātteṣāmāsurāṇāṃ narakaprāpaṇameva siddhamiti pratipādayati—
18.17
ātmeti dvābhyām | dhanamānamadānvitāḥ māno garvaḥ mado mattatā dhanotkarṣasamutpannau mānamadau tābhyāṃ samanvitāstata evātmasaṃbhāvitā ātmanā svenaiva natu kvacidapi śiṣṭaiḥ saṃbhāvitāḥ bahukṛtāstata eva stabdhā uddhatāḥ namratāśūnyāste āsurā nāmayajñairnāmnā yajñairnatu vaidikakriyayā lakṣaṇena vā kiṃtvabhāsayajñairavidhipūrvakaṃ niyatakālamantrahomartvigvivarjitaṃ dambhena svamahattvaprasiddhayai yajante natvīśvaraprītisiddhaye |
18.18
kiṃca—ahaṃkāramiti | ahameva kulaśīlasaṃpannaḥ sarvaśāstrapāragaḥ sarvajño dharmiṣṭhaḥ sarvottama iti yena svamutkṛṣṭaṃ manyate so'sāvahaṃkārastama balaṃ kāmarāgajaṃ darpaṃ dṛptatāṃ kāmaṃ krodhaṃ cakārānmohalobhapāruṣyadibuddhidoṣān saṃśritā ātmaparadeheṣu ātmadehe paradeheṣu ca māmātmānaṃ pratyaglakṣaṇaṃ dviṣantaḥ mamāntaryāmitvamanaṅgīkṛtya māṃ dviṣantaḥ | yadvā ātmano mama dehādivyatiriktatvaṃ nityatvaṃ caitanyamātratvamakartṛtvamabhoktṛtvaṃ cānaṅgīkṛtya prakarṣeṇa dviṣantaḥ tata evābhyasūyakā ātmano dehavyatiriktatvanityatvaikatvapūrṇatvāvikriyatvavādināṃ satpuruṣāṇāṃ guṇeṣu doṣāropakāḥ loke ya āsurā bauddhācārāḥ prabhavanti |
18.19
kiṃca—tāniti | māṃ dviṣataḥ svadehaparadeheṣu māmātmānaṃ dviṣatastata eva krūrān krūrakarmaṇo dayāsalyaśaucācāraśūnyānaśubhānamaṅgalācāraniratānataeva narādhamān tānāsurāniruktāsurasaṃpadviśiṣṭān janān tatkṛtaduṣkarmabhiḥ saṃsāreṣu saṃsāramārgeṣu | yadvā saṃsriyante bhujyanta iti saṃsārā jananamaraṇāradikhedāsteṣvanubhāvyeṣu satsu tadanubhūtyai āsurīṣvevātikrūrāsu śūnakasrūkarsarpavyāghrādiyoniṣu kṣipāmi | tatkarmānurūpāmeva śunakādiyonimajasraṃ punaḥpunaḥ prāpayāmyahamīśvaro madājñācchedino janānityarthaḥ |
nanu śunakādiyoniṣu praveśitānāmapi teṣāṃ bahujanmanāmante mokṣaḥ syādevetyāśaṅkāyāṃ na | imāni kṣudrāṇyasakṛdāvartīni bhūtāni bhavanti | jāyasva mriyasveti śravaṇādvedaviruddhacāraniratānāṃ pāpiṣṭhānāṃ teṣāṃ punaḥ punarjananamarage vinā na kadācidapi matprāptirastītyāha—
18.20
āsurīmiti | anekacittavibhrāntāḥ kāmabhogaprasaktā aśucivratā mūḍhāḥ svakīyadoṣātiśayādeva janmani janmani pratijanmāpyāsurimeva yonimāpannāḥ santo māmaprāpya | atra māmiti macchabdena svaprāptisādhanaṃ lakṣyate | māṃ matprāptiyogyaṃ mānavaṃ dehamaprāpyaiva tato'pyāsurayonyapekṣayādhamāṃ nikṛṣṭāṃ vṛkṣapāṣāṇādirūpāṃ vā paiśācīṃ vā gatiṃ gamyata iti gatistattuṃ yānti | natu tāmeva punaḥ śunakādiyonimapi prāpnuvantītyarthaḥ | 'pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca janā na viduḥ' ityārabhya, 'tato yāntyadhamāṃ gatim' ityantena granthena rajastamodoṣadūṣitāntaraṅgāṇāmāsurāṇāṃ yā saṃpattasyāḥ phalamadhodhaḥpatanaṃ vinā kadācidapi śreyaḥprāptiryasmānnāsti tasmādbuddhimān sadā sadasadvivekī puruṣaḥ puruṣatvasiddheḥ sākalyāya svayaṃ vivekabhraṃśahetorduryoniprāpteḥ pūrvamevāsurasaṃpatteraviṣayo bhūtvā sadā sadasadvivekavairāgyābhyāṃ paramapuruṣārthāya yateteti sūcitaṃ bhavati | tenāsurasaṃpadbandhyāyaiva na kvacinmokṣāyeti siddham |
pratipāditāyāstvāsurasaṃpatteḥ sarvasvamatraiva paryavasitametattritaye parityakte pradhānamallanibarhaṇanyāyenā'surīsaṃpatsarvāpi parityaktā syāttato mumukṣoravaśyametattritayaṃ tyaktavyam | etattyaktvā svadharmeṇa śreyaḥsādhanamanutiṣṭhataḥ puṃsaḥ paramapuruṣārthaḥ sidhyatīti pratipādayati—
18.21
trividhamiti | dvābhyām | naratvenotkṛṣṭajanmavatāṃ narāṇāṃ niratiśayamakaṃ duḥkhaṃ yatra tannarakaṃ śūnakasūkarādinīcayoniḥ | narakamiti śakandhvādikaṃ rūpam | tasya narakasya śvādinikṛṣṭayonirūpasya prāpteḥ kāmaḥ krodho lobha iti trividhaṃ triprakārakameva dvāraṃ praveśamārgaḥ naivaitādṛśaṃ dvāramanyadastītyarthaḥ | nanu kāmādīnāṃ nīcayoniprāptidvāratvamastu tataḥ kā no hānirityāśaṅkāyāmāha—nāśanamiti | janmāntarānekakṛtapuṇyātiśayānmanuṣyatvapuruṣatvabrāhmaṇatvavedādyadhītimattvavivekitvalakṣaṇaṃ mokṣasaudhāntamārūḍhasyātmanaḥ svasyādhikāriṇo mumukṣoḥ kāmāditrayametatpuruṣārthasya nāśakaṃ bhavati dharmārthamakartavyākartavyārthānarthabandhamokṣavivekavijñānaṃ nāśayatītyarthaḥ | nahi kāmākulasya krodhāviṣṭasya vā lobhagrahagrastasya vā dharmādharmādervivekavijñānaṃ bhavati | tadabhāve puruṣo vinaśyatyeva | manuṣyatvādyutkṛṣṭamokṣasādhanasaṃpattyā mokṣasaudhāntamārūḍhopi pramādena tālārūḍha iva kāmādibhiradhaḥ pātitaḥ san niḥśeṣaṃ vinaśyati | nahyuccātpatitasya svarūpanāśaṃ vinā kiṃciccheṣaṃ sidhyatyata evocyate nāśanamātmana iti | yasmādevaṃ kāmādīnāṃ prabhāvastasmānmumukṣurviṣekasaṃpannastatsvabhāvaṃ jñātvā svāvināśāya caṇḍālamiva kāmaṃ kṛṣṇasarpamiva krodhaṃ malamiva lobhaṃ caitattrayaṃ dūratastyajet | na teṣāṃ gocaro bhavedityarthaḥ |
evaṃ kāmādīnāmadharmapravṛttihetutayā narakadvāratvaṃ mumukṣutyājyatvaṃ ca pratipādya caitairvimuktaḥ śreyaḥsādhananiṣṭho bhūtvā śreyaḥ prāpnotītyāha—
18.22
etairiti | naro mumukṣuradhikārī brāhmaṇādirvidvān tamodvāraiḥ tamaso narakasya dvārairdvārabhūtaistribhiretaiḥ kāmakrodhalobhairvimukto viśiṣya nirmuktaḥ sannātmanaḥ svasya śreyaḥsādhanatvaṃ svādhikārānurūpaṃ svāśramocitaṃ dharmaṃ vaidikaṃ vā śravaṇādikaṃ vā yadācarati samyaganutiṣṭhati tatastenaivānuṣṭhānena cittaśuddhidvārā samutpannātmajñānena parāṃ gatiṃ videhamuktiṃ yāti gacchatītyarthaḥ |
evaṃ dambhadarpātimānādyāsurasaṃpattimatāṃ vedaśāstravidhimullaṅghaya taduktadharmādharmānudayasya tatphalapradātāraṃ cāpīśvaramanādṛtya yatheṣṭaṃ kāmopabhogeṣu parasvaharaṇādau ca pravṛttānāṃ pāpiṣṭhānāṃ punarārohavarjitamadhaḥpatanaṃ pratipādya svājñānullaṅghanāya punarapi ya evameva pravartate sopyadholokameva gacchati na muktivārtāṃ svapne'pi vindatītyuktamevārthaṃ draḍhayati-
18.23
ya iti | yaḥ śrutādhyayanasaṃpanno brāhmaṇādiradhikārī śāstravidhiṃ | vidhīyate apūrvo'rtho bodhyate'neneti vidhiḥ | 'agnīṣomīyaṃ paśumālabheta' 'na kalañjaṃ bhakṣayet' ityevaṃ kartavyākartavyārthaprakāśakaṃ śāstravidhiṃ codanāvidhiṃ niṣedhaṃ cotsṛjyāvicārya | śāstravidhimupekṣyetyarthaḥ | kāmakārataḥ kāmanayā yathecchaṃ vartate śāstraniyamamullaṅghya svecchānurūpaṃ śraddhāvidhuraṃ dharmānuṣṭhānaṃ yaḥ karotītyarthaḥ | sa kāmāyattapravṛttiḥ puruṣaḥ siddhimavidhinā kṛtatvātaiḥ karmabhiścitraśuddhiṃ nāpnoti | vidhyuktasyaiva karmaṇaḥ phalāvaśyaṃbhāvitvaniyamāttata eva svargīyaṃ ca sukhaṃ na prāpnoti | karmaṇāṃ muktisādhanatvābhāvātparāṃ gatiṃ mokṣaṃ cāpi nāpnoti | yathecchamavidhinā karma kurvāṇaḥ svargāpavargobhayabhraṣṭo bhavatītyarthaḥ |
śāstravidhineva karmaṇāṃ kartavyatvaṃ nirdhārayannadhyāyamupasaṃharati-
18.24
tasmāditi | yasmādaśāstrīyāṇāṃ kāmaikanibandhanānāṃ karmaṇāṃ phalābhāvo niścitastasmātte mumukṣoḥ kāryākāryavyavasthitau kartavyākartavyārthayorvyavasthāpane idamevamanena kartavyamidaṃ tu na kartavyamityevamanuṣṭheyānanuṣṭheyārthanirṇaye śrutismṛtilakṣaṇameva śāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ tattadarthapramāpakaṃ deśakālamantratantradevatādravyartvigādijñānasya heyadravyajñānasya ca kāraṇamityarthaḥ | yata evaṃ tataḥ karmabhūmau karmādhikārī daivasaṃpattyā parityaktakāmādidoṣastvamadhītaviditavedavedārthaḥ san śāstravidhānoktaṃ śāstravidhidṛṣṭameva karma jñātvā mamedaṃ śāstrīyaṃ karma karta vyamiti śāstrato vijñāyaiva svīyaṃ karma kartumarhasi nānyathā karmaphalavaiguṇyāpatterityanena svavarṇāśramocitaṃ karma śāstreṇa vijñāya mumukṣuṇā kartavyamiti siddham |
iti śrīmatparamahaṃsaparivrājakācārya śrīmadānandātmasarasvatī śiṣya śrī śaṃkarānandasarasvatīkṛtau gītātattvabodhinyāṃ ṣoḍaśo'dhyāyaḥ |
saptadaśo'dhyāyaḥ | evaṃ daivāsurasaṃpadvibhāgaṃ tatsvarūpaṃ tatphalaṃ cāsurāṇāṃ jñānānadhikāritvabodhanāyāsurasaṃpattimattāṃ kāmasaṃkalpaguṇakarmāṇi ca phalaṃ ca triśiṣya pratipādya mumukṣoḥ śāstrajñānenaiva karma kartavyamiti nirūpyādhunā śāstrārthānabhijñānāmapi śāstrīyameva karma kāmakāraṃ vinā śraddhayā kurvatāmapi mumukṣūṇāṃ sāttvikeṣvevāhārayajñatapodānādiṣu pratiṣṭhitānāṃ jñānādhikāraḥ śamadamādiṣaṭkasaṃpattyā prāptajñānena mokṣādhikāraśca yujyata iti bodhayituṃ saptadaśādhyāya ārabhyate | tatrādau 'yaḥ śāstravidhimutsṛjya' iti 'tasmācchāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ te' iti śāstravidhiṃ jñātvāpi tamutsṛjya kāmakāreṇa yaḥ pravartate sa āsurastasya na cittaśuddhirna ca jñānaṃ nāpi tatphalaṃ ca sidhyatīti śrutvā śāstrārthamajānatāṃ kāmakāraṃ vinaiva śraddhayā karmāṇi kurvatāṃ puruṣāṇāṃ daivī vāsurī vā kā vā saṃpattiḥ kā gatisteṣāmiti jijñāsurarjuna uvāca —
Linked texts (1)
- Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit