A Cluster of Nyāya Flowers 1.16.4

1.16.4

upasarjanaṃ nopasarjanamiti | ‘idamupasarjanamataḥ padāntarasāpekṣaṃ na samasyate, idantu nopasarjanaṃ pradhānam, ataḥ padāntarasāpekṣamapi samasyate’ iti 15 na kāraṇam | vigrahavākyasamānārthateti vocyate | tarhi viśeṣato gṛhyate niścīyate samāsārthaḥ | tathā hi--‘rājapuruṣaḥ’ ityādau kiṃ ‘rājñaḥ puruṣaḥ’ āhosvit ‘rājā puruṣo yasya’ atha ‘rājā cāsau puruṣaśca’ ityādyāḥ śaṅkāḥ ‘rājñaḥ puruṣaḥ’ ityanena nivartante | tena vigrahavākyena tulyārthatā yatra tatra samāsaḥ | ‘rājapuruṣaḥ śobhanaḥ’ ityatra ‘rājñaḥ puruṣaḥ śobhanaḥ’ iti vigrahavākyāsamānārthatayā samāso na, pradhānasya 20 sāpekṣatvāt | ‘ṛddhasya rājñaḥ puruṣaḥ’ ityetadvigrahavākyasamānārthatvābhāvād ‘ṛddhasya rājapuruṣaḥ’ ityasamāsaḥ, nopasarjanasya sāpekṣatvāt | śabdānuśāsanamityatra śabdānāmanuśāsanamiti samāsaḥ, keṣāṃ śabdānāmityetatsāpekṣasyāpi ‘śabda’śabdasya, anyathā samāse guṇībhūtasya keṣāmiti pratyavamarśo na syāt | anyajñānānaupayikamiti | anyajñānamanaupayikamadvāramanupāyo yasya | upāya 25 evaupayikamiti svārthe vinayādipāṭhāt ṭhak hrasvaśca | anyajñānasya vā'nupāyaḥ sadapavargasādhanaṃ na punaḥ pramāṇādijñānamiva prameyajñānopāyatayetyarthaḥ | upamānaṃ tu kvacit karmaṇi sopayogaṃ 'gavayamālabheta' ityādau | saṃśayamantareṇa nyāyapravṛttiriti | yadā kāryāntaraprayukto deśāntaraṃ gacchan sahasaiva dhūmāvalokanādagnimanumimīte, tadā saṃśayaṃ vināpi nyāyapravṛtterupalambhaḥ |