Nyayasutra 4.6

4.6

viruddha iti lakṣyanirdeśaḥ, tadvirodhīti lakṣaṇam | taditi sādhyam | tena sādhyavirodhī sādhyavirodhavān sādhyāsahacarita iti yāvat | etāvanmātraṃ cānyasādhyasahacarite'tivyāptamata uktam saddhāntamabhyupetyeti | siddhāntaḥ pakṣaḥ sarvatantrasiddhatvāt tamabhyupetya pratijñāya tena sādhyaviparītanīyata iti darśite sādhyābhāvavyāpyo viruddha iti lakṣaṇārthaḥ |
nanu sādhyābhāvasahacaritasyaiva tadāvaśyopasthitasya dūṣakatvānniyamāṃśo vyarthaḥ | na ca sādhāraṇavyāvartanāyaitadupādānam | tasyāvyāvṛrtyatvāditi cet-na, sādhyavyāpakābhāvapratiyogitvasya tadarthatvāt | aśaktiviṣayonnayanasya vā prayojanatvānna vaiyarthyam | na ca hetvabhāvasya sādhyavyāpakatvabuddhau hetorapi sādhyābhāvasambandhadhīrāvaśyakī | tathā ca sa eva doṣaḥ klṛptatvāditi vācyam, sāmagrībhedena tadā tajjñānābhāvāt | anvayavyatirekaniyamayoḥ samānasaṃvitsaṃvedyatvābhāvāt | anyathā vyatirekiṇi vilayāpatteriti | udāharaṇaṃ nityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvāditi | na ca niścittānvayatvenāpārthakamavedāmiti vācyam | asya viruddhajñānottarajñeyatvena prāthamikasya svatato dūṣaṇasamarthasya virodhasyaiva doṣatvāt |
prāñcastu siddhāntamabhyupagamaviṣayaṃ pakṣādikamabhyupetya pratijñāya tadvirodhī tadasādhako hetvābhāso viruddhaḥ | na caivamekahetvābhāsāpattiḥ | yathā hi tṛṇapadasya tṛṇamātraprasaktatve'pi ulapapadabalādulape rūpaviśeṣaparyavasāyitā, tathā viruddhapadasya sarvasādhāraṇye'pi anaikāntikādipadasamabhivyāhāreṇa teṣāmeva caturhetvābhāsopasthāpakatve kevalena ca viruddhapadenāsyopasthitau pañcatvasya niḥ pratyūhatvādityāhuḥ |
uddeśakramasaṃgatyā prakaraṇasamalakṣaṇāya sūtram—
atrātītakālatvenoddeśe'pi kālātīta iti paryyāyāntareṇa lakṣyanirdeśaḥ | kālātyayāpadiṣṭa iti lakṣaṇam | hetvapadeśasya hi sādhyasandehaviśiṣṭaḥ kālaḥ | yadāhuḥ [nyāyabhāṣyakārāḥ] na nirṇīte na cājñāte nyāyaḥ saṃśayite punariti | tasyātyaye satyapadiṣṭo nirdiṣṭaḥ | na caivaṃ siddhasādhanātivyāptiḥ | virodhollekhena dūṣakatvasya vivakṣaṇāt, tasya tatrābhāvāt | tathā ca pramitābhāvapratiyogisādhyakaliṅgatvānimatatvaṃ kālātītatvam | evaṃ ca vivakṣitavivekena sādhyābhāvaprameyadoṣaḥ |
nanu bādhāyāmanekāntapakṣadharmānyataraniyamena ābhyāmevānumānadūṣaṇe kṛtamaneneti cet—na, pakṣe sādhyābhāvaniścayaḥ sādhyābhāvajñānapramātvaniścayāt | tathā cāsiddhadyanekāntayorupajīvyatvena svatau dūṣaṇakṣamatvena ca bādhasya pṛthaktvot vyaktisādhyatve'numānena sapakṣe gṛhīte sādhanavyāpakabhādyamapi sādhyaṃ bādhādeva na bhavatīti bādhaḥ pṛthagiti cintāmaṇikṛtaḥ |
ete ca hetvābhāsā niścitā iva bādhabodhavajaṃ sandigdhā api dūṣaṇameva trirūpaniścayasyānumitihetutvāt asiddhyāditrikasaṃśaye tadabhāvāditi draṣṭavyam |
[chalalakṣaṇaprakaraṇam]
evaṃ prayatnena paravākyodbhāvanīyasvavākyapariharaṇīyahetvābhāsaprakaraṇānantaraṃ satsamādhānottarayorasphūtau tadābhāsenāpi vācyamiti tadvyutpādanamavasaraprāptam | tatrāpi jāteḥ svavyāghātakatvena jaghanyatvāt chalasya tātparyato duṣṭatve'pi nābhyarhitatvādasphūrtāvāpa tadeva prayoktavyam | tasyāpyasphuraṇe jātiriti viśeṣajñāpanārthaṃ jāteḥ pūrva chalamuddiṣṭamityanayaiva saṃgatyādau chalalakṣaṇaprakaraṇam |
tatra tatsāmānyalakṣaṇāya sūtram—