Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 11.33

Nyāyabhāṣya (complete text) 11.33

Language: Sanskrit

11.33

prāmāṇyābhyupagamavirodhāt| tadanuguṇasya prāmāṇyābhyupagame tadvyāhatābhidhāyinaḥ punarapasiddhāntāpātāt| tasmāt na hi śāstrāśrayā vādā bhavantīti svapnavilāpaḥ ityarthaḥ ||

iha pratijñārthaḥ sarvathaiva kathāsu nopayujyate, arthopalabdhyā yukto'pyanyathaiva labdhaḥ? ādye vipratipattimapi na vibhāvayet| avibhāvayaṃśca tāṃ kathamiva prativadet? aprativadataśca vacanaṃ kathaṃ kathāśarīratāmiyāt? tathā ca kathakaḥ kathaṃ nigṛhyeta, nigṛhnīyād veti na saṃpratītirnaca vijayo gardabhīkṣīramathanavadanarthakaḥ prayāsaḥ| nāpi dvitīyaḥ, sa hi vivādād vā avayavāntarād vā? vivādādapi vyavahitād vā, avayavāntaraikavākyatāpannād vā? avayavāntarādapi sākṣād vā, ākṣepato veti? na tāvadādyaḥ, āsatteḥ abhāvādekavākyatvānāpatteḥ| āpattau vā āntarālikāsādhanāṅgavacanena nigṛhyeta| anigrahe vā paraḥ paryanuyojyopekṣaṇamāsādayet| dvitīye tvavivāda eva| vayamapi hi parābhyupetapakṣaviparītāṃ koṭimupanīya tatsiddhaye'vayavāntaramabhidadhyāditi brūmaḥ| na hyevaṃbhūtakoṭyupadarśanavyatirekeṇa pratijñāyāḥ śṛṅgamasti| nāpi tṛtīyaḥ, na hi hetvādibhiḥ caturbhiḥ pratijñārtho'bhidhīyata iti vakṣyāmaḥ| nāpi caturthaḥ, sa hyapekṣākāle vā, anyadā veti| tatra prathamamurarīkatyāha---tathāhīti| yad bubhutsante yadeti śeṣaḥ| pratipannavivādaviṣayā hi tannirṇayaheluṃ sādhanamanububhutsāmahe| na tu tannirṇayahetubhūtasādhanāvabodhavanato vivādaviṣayaṃ nirṇayasya nirṇeyarūpamantareṇa nirūpayitumaśakyatvāt| tadanirūpaṇe tatsādhanasyāpi tathātvenāśakyanirūpaṇatvāt| anirūpitasya caiṣitumaśakyatvāt| tathā ca tasyaiva prathamābhidhāne prāpte'nyasyābhidhānānavakāśāt ākṣepasyāpi kuto'vakāśa iti? nanvapekṣitānabhidhāne'pyapekṣitaṃ kurvāṇaḥ kathamavavadheyavacano nāmetyata āha---yathā ceti| yatrāpekṣitamanyathāpi śakyasaṃpādanam, tatrāpi tadanabhidhāne viparītabuddhiḥ kimaṅgaḥ yatra vacanenaivāpekṣitasiddhirityarthaḥ anyadeti pakṣamupasthāpayati| yat kṛtakamityādi| dūṣayanti---na parasparāśrayaprasaṅgāditi| yo hi yena yat sādhayitum udyataḥ sa tatsāmagrīmapratikūlayanneva tathā kartumarhati| yathākālamapekṣitāmidhānaṃ ca vākyasāmagrī, tadanādare tūdāharaṇīyodāharaṇakramaniyamamapi nādriyeta, pratipādyāpekṣāniyamānurodhena tatra tatheti cet? tadihāpi samānam| tathā ca tatkālātikrameṇākṣepo'pi nopayogī, śiromuṇḍanāntaraṃ nakṣatraparīkṣāvat| upayogo vā parasparāśrayaprasaṅgaḥ ayakṣārādhanasādhyadhanena yakṣārādhanavadityarthaḥ| katha tarhi,

11.33.p3

mantrāyurvedaprāmāṇyavacca tatprāmāṇyam|

11.33.p4

ityādau pratijñāmanabhidhāyaiva udāharaṇādyupādānamityata āha---na ceti| tathāpi hetvabhidhānena kiṃ tatsvarūpasyopanayenaiva sākṣādabhidhānādityata āha---anityaḥ śabda iti tvapekṣita ukta iti| tatrāpyākāṃkṣaiva vijayate| na hyanityaḥ śabda ityukte kṛtakatvānityatvavyāptau vā kṛtakatvasya vā śabdadharmisaṃbandhe śroturākāṃkṣā kiṃ nāma kuta etatpratipattavyamiti syāt| iyaṃ cāpekṣāsādhanatvābhivya*jakavibhaktyantebhyaḥ kṛtakatvādityādipadebhya eva nivartata ityarthaḥ| ata eva gamakatvādetasya mārgasya sarvaśāstrakārā evamevopādadate| saugato'pi hi

11.33.p5

mānu tu dvividhaṃ meyadvaividhyāt||

11.33.p6

asanto'kṣaṇikāḥ tasyāṃ kramākramavirodhataḥ||

11.33.p7

iti pratyakṣaraṃ pratijñāhetū upādāya vyavaharati| kathāyāṃ tu parava*canārthaṃ tāvupekṣate| śāstraṃ tadviti cet| atha śāstre kimanarthakamabhidhīyate? tatrāsti vā pratijñādeḥ kii*cat prayojanamiti? ādye, sādhu paravyutpādakatvamasya nirarthakaṃ pralapataḥ| dvitīye tu śabdoccāraṇasya nārthagaterapyadhikaṃ prayojanaṃ nāma, prathamopakrame vivaraṇaśaṃkāyā apyabhāvāditi||

11.33.p8

nanu sāmānyalakṣaṇamantareṇa na viśeṣalakṣaṇāvasara ityata āha---śrutyarthābhyāmiti| sādhyate niścīyate'neneti| natvevaṃ sati liṅgamuktaṃ syāt| tathā ca kathaṃ vākyāvayava ityata āha---yadyapīti| nanvalamupalakṣaṇena yāvatā vacanameva sādhanamastu, sādhyate pratipādyate tenāpi hi svārtha ityata āha---yadi tviti| evaṃ hi sādhyasādhanaṃ sādhyapratipādakaṃ vacanamityarthaḥ| tathā ca pratijñaiva hetuḥ syāt| atha sādhyapadaṃ vihāya sādhanaṃ pratipādakaṃ vacanamityarthaḥ, tatrāha---atheti| tadetadarthāntarāvivakṣāyāṃ dūṣaṇamuktam| yadi tvevaṃ kriyeya liṅgapratipādanadvāreṇa sādhyasādhanaṃ niścāyakaṃ vacanamiti| tadā aśrutādhyāhāraḥ| udāharaṇasādharmyāditisahitasya tvavyāptiralābho vā sāmānyalakṣaṇasyeti draṣṭavyam| evaṃ ca vyākhyāne

11.33.p9

vacanapadamasūtrasthameva ṭīkākṛtā svayamupanīyavirodhātivyāptī kutaḥ śaṃkite iti śaṃkā nivartate| nanu tathāpyupanaye prasaṅga ityata āha---upanayādapīti| sādhyasādhanavacanamityatra hi sādhanatvaviśiṣṭārthavacanam ityartho gamyate| na copanayaḥ| koṣṭhagatyā tathābhūtārthagocaro'pi tathābhūtamabhidhatte, sādhanatvābhivya*jakavibhaktiviśeṣaśūnyatvāt| ataeva kuta ityākāṃkṣā| tathācāyaṃ kṛtaka ityasmānna nivartate, api tu kṛtakatvādityasmādeva| tarhi kiṃbhūtamupanayāt pratīyata ityata āha---kiṃ tviti| svaniṣṭhaṃ sādhanatvādidharmarahitam| kutaḥ? prātipadikārthapradhānatayā| tatparatayā tāvanmātrābhidhāyakavibhaktimataḥ prayuktatvāditi śeṣaḥ| etaduktaṃ bhavati, na hi hetuvadupanayo'pi kuta ityākāṃkṣāyā pravartate, api tūdāharaṇena vyāptau pradarśitāyām| bhavatu tāvadetat, tathāpi prakṛto vivādaviṣayaḥ kiṃ vyāptadharmaviśiṣṭo na vetyapekṣāyāṃ sā ca tathā cāyaṃ kṛtaka ityanenaiva paraṃ nivartyate, na tu kṛtakatvādityanena| tasmānna hetūpanayayorarthato rūpataḥ prayojanato vā saṃkara ityarthaḥ||

11.33.p10

nanu ca vacanalakṣaṇāyāṃ yadyapi jñāne'rthe vā na prasaṅgaḥ, tathāpi sādhyasādhanamiti kṛtakatvamatra heturityādau vacana eva prasaṅgaḥ| etasyāpi tathābhūtārthapratipādakatvādityata āha---nyāyavākyeti| anenākāṃkṣaupayikatā

11.33.p11

darśitā| na ca kuta ityākāṅkṣāyāṃ sādhyasādhanamiti vā kṛtakatvaṃ heturiti vā vacanamaupayikam| ato naivaṃbhūteṣu prasaṃga ityarthaḥ| tena viśeṣaparatvena heturiti lakṣyanirdeśo nānupapanna iti śeṣaḥ| viśiṣṭavidhānasyeti| na kvacit pradeśo sādharmyaṃ hetulakṣaṇatvena vihitam, yeneha saviśeṣaṇatayā viśeṣaṇamātropasaṃkrānto vidhiḥ syāt| nāpyatra viśeṣaṇaśūnyasyaiva sādharmyasyopādānam yena tāvanmātragocaro vidhirbhavet, parasparasvatantrobhayarthatve vākyabhedācca| tasmāt ananyagatikatayā lohitoṣṇīṣavad viśiṣṭavidhirevāyam| tathā ca alohitoṣṇīṣavadanudāharaṇasādharmyasyārthasiddhaḥ pratiṣedha ityarthaḥ| pakṣāntaramāheti| abhyupagamasyāpyaviśiṣṭasādharmyamātravidhone'pi na doṣa iti bhāvaḥ||