Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 11.5

Nyāyabhāṣya (complete text) 11.5

Language: Sanskrit

11.5

atra naiyāyikasamādhānamāśaḍkya bauddhaḥ svabhāṣayā nirākaroti---na ceti| yadyapi tattulya evetyanyayogavyavacchedasya vipakṣamātraviṣayatvaṃ tadā syād yadi viṣayāntarasaṃkocaḥ syāt, sa ca tadekavākyatayeti parasparāśrayadoṣaḥ| anyathobhayorapi tattulyānyatvāviśeṣe vipakṣayogasya vyavacchedo na tvanumeyayogasyeti kutaḥ? vihitatvāt tasyeti cet? ata eva virodhādekavākyatvāsaṅgatirityucyate, yasmāt tadekavākyatāyāmeva satyāṃ vipakṣamātraviṣayatvamasya vaktuṃ śakyate| sāpi tasmin satyeveti durūttaradoṣāpattiḥ| tathāpi bauddhanaye śābddhaṃ vyavahāramāśritya samuccaya eva na nirvahet, kṛtamanayā virodhe sūkṣmekṣikayetyāśayavānāha---anyāpoheti| so'yaṃ sādhāraṇo'pi nyāyo'prastutatvabhiyā viśeṣaniṣṭhatayāvatārita iti ||

11.5.p1

||pariśuddhiḥ||

11.5.p2

yathoddeśaṃ ca lakṣaṇāditi bhāvapadam| lakṣaṇamāha ityanayormadhye itiḥ pūraṇīyaḥ| atrāpītyapiśabdaḥ pratyakṣalakṣaṇopakṣayā| nanu sādhyate'neneti sādhanamityevāstu, saṃbhavati cāyamartho jñānasya karaṇatāyām, tasya prasiddhasādharmyasamutthatvādityata āha---tadetaditi| na sāmānyātiriktaṃ sādṛśyam, anāśritasyānyāśrayatve dravyatvaprasaḍgāt, ananyāśritasyāpyayutasiddhobhayavyaḍgyatve samavāyatvaprasaḍgāt, gogavayādiyutasiddhaniṣṭhābhivyaktyanupapatteśca| yutasiddhābhivyaḍgyatve'bhāvatvaprasaḍgāt, ayutasiddhāvayavyavayavādiniṣṭhābhivyaktyanupapatteśca| nityasyānekāśrayatve jātitvaprasaḍgāt ekāśrayatve tasya nāśe anāśrayasyāvasthānānupapatteḥ nityatve pramāṇābhāvaprasaḍgācca| sāmānyaṃ hyekāśrayanāśe'pi āśrayāntare tādrūpyeṇaiva pratyabhijñānāt nityamiti vyavasthāpyate| idaṃ tu na tatheti kathaṃ nityamiti jñātavyam?

11.5.p3

pratyutānityaikāśrayatvādevānityatvamevānumīyate, nityaikavṛttitve tu svarūpasato viśeṣatvaprasaṃgāt| sattāsato guṇatvāpatteḥ| anityeṣu ca sadṛśavyavahārahānaprasaḍgāt, anityasya tvanekāśrayatve guṇavato dravyatvaprasaḍgāt ; nirguṇatve guṇatvaprasaḍgāt| ekāśrayatve saṃyogavibhāgayoranapekṣakāraṇasya karmatvaprasaḍgāt| tadviparītasya tu guṇatvaprasaḍgāt| guṇeṣu ca karmasu ca sādṛśyavyavahāro na syāt, teṣāṃ samavāyikāraṇatvābhāvenānityadharmāyogāt| āśrayasādṛśyena tadvyavahāropapattau visadṛśāśrayāṇāṃ guṇakarmaṇāṃ tadvyavahārānupapatteḥ, kāraṇatrayavicārānupapatteścetyarthaḥ| sādharmyaprasiddhirapi draṣṭavyeti| sūtre sā ca karmadhārayasamāśrayeṇa| ityāptavākyāditi vākyādārabhyaṃ pratyakṣaparyanteneti hṛdayam||

11.5.p4

prajñāpanīyasya gavayaśabdavācyatayeti vadatā atideśavākyasyākṛtasamayasaṃjñāsamabhivyāhāro darśitaḥ| tathāpi karaṇavyutpattyā sādhanapadavyākhyānasya parityāge na kācidupapattirdarśitā, prajñāpanapadasyāpi karaṇavyutpattisaṃbhavādata

11.5.p5

āha--piṇḍasya hīti| pratyakṣāt sādṛśyāt prajānan tena prajñāpyata iti vadan sādṛśyasyaiva prajñāyamānasya kāraṇatvamabhipraiti| tathā ca tena saha sādhyasādhanapadasya vyadhikaraṇatvādanyasya ca karaṇasyābhāvāt sādhyasādhanapadamanarthakamāpadyeta, yadi bhāvasādhanaṃ na syāt| na ca tajjñānamevāstu karaṇamiti vācyam, avāntaravyāpāravirahiṇaḥ karaṇatvāyogāt| asamīcīne'pi sādṛśyajñāne tathābhāvaprasaḍgācca| tadapi hi sādṛśyajñānameva| pramāṇānuvṛttyā tannivṛttirityapi na vācyam, vṛttaireva padaiḥ samīhitasiddhāvanuvṛtteranavakāśāt| sāpi hi granthavaicitryamāpādayantī padāntaravṛttireva| tathāpi prajñānaṃ prasiddhipadārthona tu prajñāpanamityata āha---ityetadarthe| pramāṇasya vyāpāro'vyavadhānena phaloparaktā prātisvikī kriyā| jñāyamānasya sādṛśyasya karaṇatvamāviṣkartuṃ tasyānyatra acaritārthaḥ phalānuguṇo vyāpāro darśita iti tātparyā'rthaḥ||

11.5.p6

tatreti| tātparyārthākṣarārthayoḥ| lakṣyapadaṃ hi lakṣaṇavyavasthāpakaṃ na bhavati parasparāśrayatvamagatirveti doṣāt| nanu upasthāpakamapītyāśayavānāśaḍkya dvitīyapadopādānatātparyamāha--yadyapīti| nanvevaṃ sati prathamaivāstu, na ceyamaśokavanikā, tasyāḥ prathamatvādeva prathamaṃ buddhāvupanipātāt| na sādhyasādhanapadena phalavācinā sāmānādhikaraṇyānupapatteḥ| astu tarhi tadapi karaṇasādhanam| evaṃ yata ityadhyāhārakaṣṭasṛṣṭirapi na syāt| satyamevaitat, kintu phalābhāvenaiva hetunopamānasya prāmāṇyamapanīyate pareṇa| tasmāt tadavabodhāya niṣkṛṣya phalamasya darśanīyamiti tathaiva sūcitavān| etaccāgre sphuṭamiti neha ṭīkākṛtā darśitam||

11.5.p7

bhāṣyavārttikayoḥ virodhamāśaḍkyāha---vārtikakāreṇeti, tṛtīyāsamāsa ityupalakṣaṇam arthasiddhaḥ karmadhārayasamāso'pi na nirasta iti draṣṭavyam, aviruddhatvāt| prasiddhaṃ sādharmyaṃ yasyeti bahuvrīhāvapi karmadhārayārthasya praviṣṭatvāt| evaṃ prasiddhena sādharmyamityatra tṛtīyātatpuruṣasya praveśād virodhāntaramāśaḍkyāha---bhāṣyakāreṇa hīti| nāyamartho bhāṣyākṣarebhyaḥ śrūyata ityata āha---ākṣipreti| praścānniṣkṛṣyābhidhānaṃ kṛtam, samayapratipatteḥ phalasya| tadāha---samākhyeti| tathāpi kimāyātaṃ vārttikavirodhasyetyata

11.5.p8

āha---etadeveti| pratipadyatāmayamityādiśaḍkottarārtha sūtroktaṃ karoti---prasiddhasādharmyādityatreti||

11.5.p9

atropamānasya phale vipratipadyamānān prati sāśaḍkaṃ jarannaiyāyikajayanta prabhṛtīnāṃ parihāramāha--yadyapīti| saṃjñākarma saṃjñākaraṇam| mānāntaraṃ śabdo vā śabdārtho vā liṅgabhūtaḥ| tatra liṅgapakṣe, upalakṣitaḥ pratipāditaḥ| śabdādavagatena gosādṛśyena pratipādyamānaḥ piṇḍa samānāsamānajātīyebhyo vyavacchinnaḥ śakyamavaganatumiti saṃbandhaḥ| śabdapakṣe, tu gosādṛśyenopalakṣito viśiṣṭaḥ śabdādavagamyamānaḥ piṇḍaḥ samānāsamānajātīyebhyo vyavacchinnaḥ śakyo'vagantum, guṇakarmādivat sādṛśyasyāpi samānasamānajītīyavyavacchedakatvāditi sugamam| gosadṛśo gavayaśabdavācya iti tāvadastu| atha gosadṛśa eva ka ityāśaḍkānivartanāsāmarthyamateḥ pariplavaḥ| enamevārthaṃ kaścidityādinā darśitavān| tatreti| tarhi viśiṣṭaiva pratipattirvākyādastu ityata āha---na ceti| pratyakṣamātrād bhaviṣyatītyata āha---na ceti||

11.5.p10

etena vākyapratyakṣasamāhāro'pi nirastaḥ| sa hi pramāṇasamāhāro vā syāt, phalasamāhāro vā? ādye'pi pramāṇatve sati samāhāraḥ, samāhṛtayorvā prāmāṇyamiti? na tāvat prathamaḥ, phalānekatve sati samāhārānupapatteḥ,

11.5.p11

tasyaikaphalaṃ prati parasparādhipatyarūpatvāt| nāpi dvitīyaḥ, vākyapratyakṣayorbhinnakālatvāt| vākyatadarthayoḥ smṛtidvāropanītāvapi gavayapiṇḍasaṃbaddhenāpīndriyādinā tadgatasādṛśyānupanaye samayaparicchedāsiddheḥ| phalasamāhāre tu tadantarbhāve'numānaśabdayorapi pratyakṣatvaprasaṅgaḥ| tat kiṃ tatphalasya tatpramāṇabahirbhāva eva, antarbhāve vā kiyatī sīmā? tattadasādhāraṇendriyādisāhityam| asti tarhi sādṛśyādijñānakāle'pi vistāritasya cakṣuṣo vyāpāraḥ? na, tasmin sati

11.5.p12

tasyānupayogāt| upalabdhagosādṛśyaviśiṣṭagavayapiṇḍasya vākyasmṛtimataḥ kālāntare'pyanusandhānabalāt samayaparicchedopapattiriti| tadetat jarannaiyāyikamatamāskandati---nanviti| pūrve hi yathā gaustathetyeva vākyaṃ gavayapadenāpratītasamayenāpi prayogamātropayoginā sahitaṃ saṃbandhapratipattihetuḥ, pratisaṃbandhinastu śabdād vopalakṣaṇād vopasthāpanamityāhuḥ| ādhunikāstu pratisaṃbandhyupasthitiḥ pūrvavadeva, samayaparicchedastu prayogānumānādityāhuḥ||

11.5.p13

avācakaprayogasya vākyānaṅgatayeti tadvirahiṇaśca saṃbandhyupalakṣaṇaparyavasānāditi manyamānā etadeva

11.5.p14

prayogamāropya darśayanti---yo hīti| etenaiva pariplavo nirastaḥ| yadi hi saṃbandho viditaḥ, kaḥ pariplavārthaḥ? atha na vidita iti tatrākāḍkṣānuvṛtterevamucyata iti cet--tadapyayuktam| na hi viśeṣaniṣṭhaḥ samayaḥ, tathā satyaśakyagrahatvāt, api tu kii*cat nimittīkṛtya deśakālādiviśeṣavinākṛtavyaktimātraniṣṭhaḥ| tadeva nimittaṃ nāvagatamiti cet? avagatireva tarhi saṃndhasya saṃbandhino'navagamāditi kiṃ pariplutaṃ pramātuḥ? na caiṣa paramārthaḥ, sādṛśyaviśiṣṭapiṇḍopakṣepe nimittasyāpyupakṣepāt| anyathā piṇḍopakṣepe'pi nimittānupakṣepe manodharmādiśabdānāṃ jātiśabdatvaṃ na syāt, avācakatvameva vā syāt, tajjātīyānāṃ nityaparokṣatvāditi||

11.5.p15

atrocyate abhinavanaiyāyikaiḥ, pa*cadhā hi vācyavācakabhāvavyavasthā| nimittopalakṣaṇarahite śṛṅgagrāhikayā caitramaitravat| nirnimitte'ntarbhūtopalakṣaṇe nirvacanikayā pācakādiśabdavat| nirnimitta eva taṭasthopalakṣaṇe paribhāṣaṇikayā ākāśādiśabdavat| sanimitte taṭasthopalakṣaṇa evaṃprakārikayā pṛthivyādivat| viśeṣavannimitte nimittasaṃḍkocanikayā svargādivaditi| tatra prathamadvitīyayorasaṃbhāvitatvādiha viditavṛttāntatayā tṛtīyaṃ prakāraṃ nirasya pa*camaścaturthamupayātīti caturthaṃ vyavasthāpayati---na tāvaditi| aviditagavayaśabdavṛttāntasya tu yad bhaviṣyati, tadanantarameva vakṣyati| tadidamuktamiti| paramārtho vastugatiḥ| tataśca tathābhūta eva piṇḍe saṃbandho grāhyo,

11.5.p16

na tu sādṛśyopalakṣaṇopanīte piṇḍamātra ityarthaḥ||

11.5.p17

11.5.p18

gavayaśabdo vā gavayatvaṃ gamayet, yathā gauḥ tathā gavaya iti| śabdārtho vānumāpayet avyabhicārapakṣe| vyabhicārapakṣe tu smārayediti| nanu sādṛśyameva jātibhedamanantarbhāvya pratyetuṃ na śakyam, tasya bhinnapradhānasāmānyavyaktiguṇāvayavakarmasāmānyabāhulyarūpatvāt| tasmāt sādṛśayathātathādiśabdā eva tasya pratyāyakāḥ| kevalaṃ prasiddhāprasiddhasandeho'vāśiṣyate| tatra hastitvādikaṃ gośabdena nirastam| mahiṣatvādikaṃ tu anucitaviṣayatayā, anyathopamānasvīkāre'pyapratīkārāt||

11.5.p19

tadayaṃ gosadṛśa ityasyārthaḥ| goto bhinnajātīyaḥ, tadgataguṇāvayavādisāmānyabāhulyavāniti| naitadapi sādhīyaḥ, darpaṇa iva candraḥ, candra iva mukham mukhamivāravindam, ado'ravindamivedamaravindamiti caturdhā sādṛśyagatau bhinnapradhānasāmānyaniyamāyogena tadanantarbhāvyaiva sādṛśyapratipattyupapatteḥ| kvacid dṛṣṭamiha smaryeta tāvaditi cet? smaryatāṃ tāvadatrāvagatam, na tviha tadavagatamiti brūmaḥ| tasmād gosāmānyenopalakṣyamāṇaḥ piṇḍaḥ kiṃ tadvāneva gavayaśabdasya vācyo bhavatu? pacikriyayopalakṣyamāṇaḥ karteva pācakaśabdasya, āhosvit taṭasthameva gosādṛśyam, tadupalakṣita eva piṇḍa ākāśavat tasya vācyo bhavet? kiṃ vopalakṣaṇaṃ vihāya gandhāpalakṣitapṛthivītvajātimāniva gosādṛśyopalakṣitajātiviśeṣavāneva piṇḍo'sya vācyo bhaviṣyatītaraniyatakoṭisaṃśayatiraskāreṇa koṭitrayāvalambī sandeha eva jarannaiyāyikairūpaplutaḥ saṃbandhapariccheda ityucyate, etāsvavaśyamanyatamā koṭirgavayapadārtho bhaviṣyatīti nirdhāraṇasaṃbhāvanāṃ hṛdi nidhāya| aitena manodharmādipratibandigrahaḥ pratyuktaḥ| tatrāpyanumānenonnīyamānānāṃ manovyaktīnāṃ samānaguṇatayā samānārthakriyākāritayā

11.5.p20

samānajātīyatvānumānāt| sāmānyānavagatau tu tatrāpyaśakya eva samayagrahaḥ| sāmānyaṃ vā na tasya pravṛttinimittamiti||

11.5.p21

tadidamuktam--sarvathānupalabdheriti| yadyapi gavayatvāvagame'pi saṃjñāsaṃjñisaṃbandhānavagame tatra prayujyamānatvāditi heturasiddha eva| na hyasati vṛttyantare tadviṣayatayā prayogaḥ saṅgatimavijñāya jñātuṃ śakayate, prāgeva pramāṇāntarāt tadavagame tu kimanumānena sādhanīyam? ata eva pratyakṣe'pi gavaye anumānamanavakāśameva| tathāpi saṃbandhyavagame gavayapadasamabhivyāhṛtaṃ vākyameva saṃbandhaṃ bodhayiṣyati| avācakasyāpi ca samabhivyāhāra upayokṣyate upamānapakṣa iva| tadapi hyatideśavākyaṃ

11.5.p22

vākyameveti matvā tannirāsārthaṃ saṃbandhina evāpratipattirūpapāditā||

11.5.p23

ata evāha---kuto vākyād veti| ata eva vākyasya vyāptiparatāpi nirākṛtā, saṃbandhino'navagamāt| na ca vyatireke tātparyam, saṃketayiturabhiprāyopādhikatvāt, satpratipakṣatvācceti| yadyapi vinigamanāyāṃ hetvabhāve'pi nopamānasya kācit kṣatiḥ, ubhayorapi vācyatve saṃbandhasya tadānīmavadhāraṇāt, tathāpi vastugati vivecayati---tathāpi

11.5.p24

kim ityādi tadanujānāti ityantaṃ karabhavṛttāntam| pariharati---sādhyarmyagrahaṇaṃ ceti| upalakṣaṇapadaprayogaścāvāntarabhedasaṃsūcanāya teneyaṃ sūtragatiḥ| prasiddhasādharmyāt sādhyasādhanamupamānam| sa ca prasiddho dharmaḥ samānaḥ pratiyogitayā tadupakṣipto'samānaśceti| bahuvrīhipakṣe tu prasiddhadharmaṇa iti| śeṣaṃ pūrvavat||

Linked texts (1)

Mṛgendra (another edition) — Sanskrit