Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 14.2.3

14.2.3

anyathā ayamūrdhvo vā sthāṇurvetyādisaṃśayaprasaṅgaḥ| yadyapyaviruddheṣvapi keṣucidadharmādimūlakavirodhagrahaṇāt keṣāṃcidīdṛśo'pi saṃśayaḥ saṃbhavati; yathā--- ātmā jñānaṃ vā jñātā veti, jñānaṃ dharmo dharmi vetyādi; tathāpyābhimānikaṃ parasparapratikṣepitvaṃ tatrāpyastyeva| asya ca samānadharmavipratipattibhyāmevāsādhāraṇakāraṇābhyāmadharmādisahitābhyāṃ yathāsaṃbhavamudbhavaḥ| taduktaṃ tattvaratnākare--- "kaścaiṣa saṃśayaḥ katividhaśca? ekasmin dharmiṇi viruddhānekaviśeṣāvabhāsaḥ saṃśayaḥ| sa ca dvividhaḥ---" ityādinā| tatra samānadharmaḥ sādhāraṇo dharmaḥ| tajjanito yathā---ūrdhvatvāviśeṣāt sthāṇurvā puruṣo veti| agṛhyamāṇabalatāratamyaviruddhānekajñāpakopasthāpanamiha vipratipattiḥ| sā ca sajātīyavijātīyābhāsarūpadvitricaturādijñāpakabhedādbahuprakārā| pratyakṣatadābhāsavipratipatteḥ saṃśayo yathā--- cakṣuṣā samukhaṃ pratibhāti darpaṇatalam, sparśanena tvanyathā; kimidaṃ samukhaṃ nirmukhaṃ veti| anumānatadābhāsavipratipatteryathā--- dhūmavattvāt parvato'gnimān, nirālokatvādanagnirityatra sāgniranagnirveti| śrutivipratipatteryathā---bhedābhedavyapadeśābhyāṃ jīvo brahmaṇo bhinno'bhinno vetyādi| vādivipratipatteryathā---vaiśeṣikaupaniṣadavākyadvayaśrāviṇo madhyasthabuddheḥ kimindriyāṇi bhautikāni, āhaṃkārikāṇi veti| evaṃ pāmarādivākyavipratipatterapi ---nadyāstīre phalāni santi, na santi vetyādi| pratyakṣānumānavipratipatteryathā---cakṣuṣā pītaśaṅkhabhrame śaṅkhatvācca sitatvānumāne, kimayaṃ śaṅkhaḥ pītaḥ sito veti|