Nyayasutra 381.8

381.8

avyatirekapratiṣedhe ca bhāvena asatpratyayasāmānādhikaraṇyam bhāve saṃyogādisambandho vyatirekaḥ/ atra avyatirekaḥ abhedākhyasambandhaḥ tatpratiṣedhe sadā ca asatpratyayasāmānādhikaraṇyam, yathā na santi kuṇḍe badarāṇīti/ asan gaur aśvātmanā anaśvo gaur iti ca gavāśvayor avyatirekaḥ pratiṣidhyate gavāśvayor ekatvaṃ nāstīti/ tasmin pratiṣidhyamāne bhāvena gavā sāmānādhikaraṇyam asatpratyayasya asan gaur aśvātmaneti, yathā na santi kuṇḍe badarāṇīti kuṇḍe badarasaṃyoge pratiṣidhyamāne sadbhir asatpratyayasya sāmānādhikaraṇyam iti//38//

And when a non-difference is denied, there is co-reference of the cognition of non-existence with an existent thing. In the case of an existent thing, difference is a relation such as contact. Here, non-difference is the relation named identity; upon its denial, there is always co-reference of the cognition of non-existence, as in ‘there are no jujube fruits in the bowl’. In ‘a cow is non-existent as a horse’ and ‘a cow is a non-horse’, non-difference between cow and horse is denied, [meaning] there is no oneness of cow and horse. When that is denied, there is co-reference of the cognition of non-existence with the existent thing, the cow, in ‘a cow is non-existent as a horse’—just as in ‘there are no jujube fruits in the bowl’, when the contact of the jujube fruits in the bowl is denied, there is co-reference of the cognition of non-existence with existent things. ||38