The Bud of Nyāya 1.3

1.3

dhūmamagnisahacaritamindriyeṇopalabhyānagneśca jalādervyāvartamānamanupalambhena jñātvā manasā niścinoti dhūmo'gninna vyabhicaratīti | tathā niścitya punaḥ parvatādau dhūmampaśyannagnimanuminoti
tataścaitatpratyakṣamanumānam | pariśeṣānumānantu prasaktapratiṣedhe'nyatrāprasaṅgācchiṣyamāṇānāṃ parikalpanam | yathā prasaktayordravyakarmaṇoḥ pratiṣedhāt sāmānyādāvaprasaṅgācca pāriśeṣyād guṇaḥ śabda iti niścīyate || sāmānyatodṛṣṭantu
nityaparokṣe dharmiṇi vyāptigrahaṇādanumānam | yathecchādinā kāryeṇātmānumānaṃ vakṣyate | trikālaviṣayañcānumānaṃ śabdavadiṣyate | dhūmena vartamāno'gniranumīyate meghonnatyā bhaviṣyantī vṛṣṭirnadīṃpūreṇa saiva bhūteti
yathā gaustathā gavaya ityāṭavikaprayuktātideśavākyasaṃskṛtamateraṭavīmparyaṭato gopiṇḍasārūpyāvacchinnagavayapiṇḍajñānaṃ saṃjñāsaṃjñisambandhaparicchedaphalamupamānam | gopiṇḍasārūpyaviśiṣṭagavayapiṇḍasya saṃjñāsaṃjñisambandhapratīteḥ pratyakṣāgamābhyāmanyatarasmādapyasiddheḥ
āptopadeśaḥ śabdaḥ | pratipādyamānamarthaṃ yathāsvarūpaṃ yaḥ paśyati yathādarśanañcopadiśati sa āptaḥ | tadvacanamavisaṃvādi
bhavati | vipralambhakastu nadyāstīre phalāni santīti vitathamapi brūyāt | ṛṣyāryamlecchasādhāraṇañcaitadāptalakṣaṇam āptavākyenaiva sarvatra vyavahārāt | puruṣaguṇadoṣakṛte hi śabdasya yathārthatvāyathārthatve | arthaprakāśakatvamātrantu śabdasya samayopakṛtasya svarūpam | ata evāptoktatvādasya prāmāṇyanna svataḥ
naisargike hi yathārthatve kathamanāptaprayuktāni nadyādivākyāni