Viyahapannatti 5.1: Uddeśaka 1: sūrya

1 Campā-sun, 2 wind, 3 knot, 4 sound, 5–6 unliberated, lifespan, 7 movement, 8 nirgrantha,
9 Rājagṛha, and 10 Campā-moon: these are the ten [chapters] in the fifth śataka.

At that time, in that period, there was a city named Campā—description [as elsewhere].
Outside that city of Campā was a caitya named Pūrṇabhadra—description [as elsewhere]. The Lord arrived, and so forth, until the assembly departed.
At that time, in that period, the senior disciple of the śramaṇa Lord Mahāvīra, the homeless ascetic named Indrabhūti, Gautama by gotra, and so forth, spoke thus:
"In the continent of Jambūdvīpa, Venerable Sir, do the suns rise in the northeast and travel toward the southeast, rise in the southeast and travel toward the southwest, rise in the southwest and travel toward the northwest, and rise in the northwest and travel toward the northeast?"
"Yes, Gautama! In the continent of Jambūdvīpa, the suns rise in the northeast and travel toward the southeast, and so forth, up to rise in the northwest and travel toward the northeast."
"When, Venerable Sir, in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, it is daytime in the southern half of Mount Mandara, is it daytime also in the northern half? When it is daytime in the northern half, is it nighttime to the east and west of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa?"
"Yes, Gautama! When it is daytime in the southern half in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, and so forth, it is nighttime to the east and west."

"When, Venerable Sir, it is day to the east of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, is it then day to the west as well? When it is day to the west, is it then night to the north and south of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa?"
"Yes, Gautama, when it is day to the east of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, up to it is night to the north and south."
"When, Venerable Sir, it is a maximum eighteen-muhūrta day in the southern half of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, is it then a maximum eighteen-muhūrta day in the northern half as well? When it is a maximum eighteen-muhūrta day in the northern half, is it then a minimum twelve-muhūrta night to the east and west of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa?"
"Yes, Gautama, when it is a maximum eighteen-muhūrta day in the southern half in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, up to it is a twelve-muhūrta night."
"When, Venerable Sir, it is a maximum eighteen-muhūrta day to the east of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, is it then at its maximum an eighteen-muhūrta day to the west as well? When it is a maximum eighteen-muhūrta day to the west, is it then a minimum twelve-muhūrta night to the north and south in the continent of Jambūdvīpa?"
"Yes, Gautama, up to it is [such]."
"When, Venerable Sir, it is an immediately-after-eighteen-muhūrtas day in the southern half in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, is it then an immediately-after-eighteen-muhūrtas day in the northern half as well? When it is an immediately-after-eighteen-muhūrtas day in the northern half, is it then an exceeding twelve-muhūrta night to the east and west of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa?"
"Yes, Gautama, when in the continent of Jambūdvīpa up to it is [such a] night."
"When, Venerable Sir, it is an immediately-after-eighteen-muhūrtas day to the east of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, is it then an immediately-after-eighteen-muhūrtas day to the west as well? When it is an immediately-after-eighteen-muhūrtas day to the west, is it then an exceeding twelve-muhūrta night to the north and south of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa?"
"Yes, Gautama, up to it is [such]."
In this manner, by this sequence, it should be lowered:
A seventeen-muhūrta day, a thirteen-muhūrta night; an immediately-after-seventeen-muhūrtas day, an exceeding thirteen-muhūrta night;
a sixteen-muhūrta day, a fourteen-muhūrta night; an immediately-after-sixteen-muhūrtas day, an exceeding fourteen-muhūrta night;
a fifteen-muhūrta day, a fifteen-muhūrta night; an immediately-after-fifteen-muhūrtas day, an exceeding fifteen-muhūrta night;
a fourteen-muhūrta day, a sixteen-muhūrta night; an immediately-after-fourteen-muhūrtas day, an exceeding sixteen-muhūrta night;
a thirteen-muhūrta day, a seventeen-muhūrta night; an immediately-after-thirteen-muhūrtas day, an exceeding seventeen-muhūrta night.
"When it is a minimum twelve-muhūrta day in the southern half of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, is it then [so] in the northern half as well? When [it is so] in the northern half, is it then a maximum eighteen-muhūrta night to the east and west of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa?"
"Yes, Gautama, it should be stated just so, up to it is [such a] night."
"When, Venerable Sir, it is a minimum twelve-muhūrta day to the east of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa, is it then [so] to the west as well? When [it is so] to the west, is it then a maximum eighteen-muhūrta night to the north and south of Mount Mandara in the continent of Jambūdvīpa?"
"Yes, Gautama, up to it is [such a] night."

"When, Venerable Sir, in Jambūdvīpa island the first instant of the rainy season commences in the southern half, does the first instant of the rainy season commence in the northern half as well? When the first instant of the rainy season commences in the northern half, does the first instant of the rainy season commence in the east and west of Mount Mandara in Jambūdvīpa island in the immediately succeeding instant?"
"Yes, Gautama. When in Jambūdvīpa island the first instant of the rainy season commences in the southern half, likewise indeed up to commences."
"When, Venerable Sir, the first instant of the rainy season commences in the east of Mount Mandara in Jambūdvīpa island, does the first instant of the rainy season commence in the west as well? When the first instant of the rainy season commences in the west, has the first instant of the rainy season commenced in the immediately preceding instant in the north and south of Mount Mandara in Jambūdvīpa island?"
"Yes, Gautama. When in Jambūdvīpa island in the east of Mount Mandara, the same words are to be repeated up to has commenced."
As the formulation has been stated with respect to an instant of the rainy season, so it should also be stated with respect to an āvalikā. With respect to an āṇāpāṇu too, a thova too, a lava too, a muhūrta too, a day-and-night too, a fortnight too, a month too, a season too. For all of these, it should be stated just like the formulation of the instant.
"When, Venerable Sir, the first instant of winter commences in the southern half of Mount Mandara in Jambūdvīpa island..." Just as the formulation of the rainy season, so it should also be stated for winter, and for summer up to season. Thus for all three. Thirty formulations are to be stated for these.
"When, Venerable Sir, the first solstice commences in the southern half of Mount Mandara in Jambūdvīpa island, does the first solstice commence in the northern half as well?" Just as the formulation with the instant, so it should be stated with the solstice up to the first solstice has commenced in the immediately preceding instant.
Just as the formulation with the solstice, so it should also be stated with a year. Also with a yuga, a century, a millennium, a hundred thousand years, a pūrvāṅga, a pūrva, a truṭitāṅga, a truṭita—thus pūrvāṅga, pūrva, truṭitāṅga, truṭita, aḍaḍāṅga, aḍaḍa, avavāṅga, avava, hūhūkāṅga, hūhūka, utpalāṅga, utpala, padmāṅga, padma, nalināṅga, nalina, arthaniupurāṅga, arthaniupura, ayutāṅga, ayuta, nayutāṅga, nayuta, prayutāṅga, prayuta, cūlikāṅga, cūlikā, śīrṣaprahelikāṅga, śīrṣaprahelikā—it should be stated with a palyopama and a sāgaropama too.
"When, Venerable Sir, the first avasarpiṇī commences in the southern half of Mount Mandara in Jambūdvīpa island, does the first avasarpiṇī commence in the northern half as well? When the first avasarpiṇī commences in the northern half, is it true that in the east and west of Mount Mandara in Jambūdvīpa island there is neither avasarpiṇī nor utsarpīṇī, for stable time has been declared there, O long-lived Śramaṇa?"
"Yes, Gautama, the same words are to be repeated up to O long-lived Śramaṇa."
As the formulation has been stated for avasarpiṇī, so it should also be stated for utsarpīṇī.

“Venerable Sir! Do the suns in the Lavaṇa Ocean rise in the northeast and move towards the southeast?”
Just as the exposition of Jambūdvīpa was stated, exactly the same in its entirety, without omission, should also be stated for the Lavaṇa Ocean, with only this difference: the phrasing should be understood as follows:
“Venerable Sir! When there is day in the southern half of the Lavaṇa Ocean…”—the same up to—“then is there night in the east and west of the Lavaṇa Ocean?”
One should proceed according to this phrasing up to: “Venerable Sir! When the first avasarpiṇī commences in the southern half of the Lavaṇa Ocean, then does the first avasarpiṇī also commence in the northern half? When it commences in the northern half, then in the east and west of the Lavaṇa Ocean is there neither avasarpiṇī nor utsarpiṇī, but is constant time declared there, long-lived Śramaṇa?”
“Yes, Gautama! …up to… long-lived Śramaṇa.”
“Venerable Sir! Do the suns in the Dhātakīkhaṇḍa continent rise in the northeast and move towards the southeast?”
Just as the exposition of Jambūdvīpa was stated, exactly the same should also be stated for Dhātakīkhaṇḍa, with only this difference: all the passages should be stated with this phrasing:
“Venerable Sir! When there is day in the southern half of the Dhātakīkhaṇḍa continent, then also in the northern half; when in the northern half, then is there night in the east and west of the Mandara mountains of the Dhātakīkhaṇḍa continent?”
“Yes, Gautama! Exactly so …up to… there is night.”
“Venerable Sir! When there is day in the east of the Mandara mountains of the Dhātakīkhaṇḍa continent, then also in the west; when there is day in the west, then is there night in the north and south of the Mandara mountains of the Dhātakīkhaṇḍa continent?”
“Yes, Gautama! …up to… there is.”
Thus, one should proceed according to this phrasing up to: “Venerable Sir! When the first avasarpiṇī is in the southern half, then also in the northern half; when also in the northern half, then in the east and west of the Mandara mountains of the Dhātakīkhaṇḍa continent is there no avasarpiṇī …up to… long-lived Śramaṇa?”
“Yes, Gautama! …up to… long-lived Śramaṇa.”
As the exposition of the Lavaṇa Ocean was, so also should that of Kālodaka be stated, with only this difference: the name of Kālodaka should be stated.
“Venerable Sir! Do the suns in the inner Puṣkarārdha rise in the northeast and move towards the southeast?”
Just as the exposition of Dhātakīkhaṇḍa was stated, exactly the same should also be stated for the inner Puṣkarārdha, with only this difference: the phrasing should be understood …up to… “then, in the east and west of the Mandara [mountains] of the inner Puṣkarārdha, there is neither avasarpiṇī nor utsarpiṇī, but constant time is declared there, long-lived Śramaṇa.”
“That is so, Venerable Sir! That is so, Venerable Sir!”