Manava Dharmashastra 3.5

3.5.1

māturyā'sapiṇḍā pituśca yā'sagotrā sā dārakarmaṇi praśastā | 'sapiṇḍa'grahaṇaṃ mātṛbandhūpalakṣaṇārtham | māturhi sāpiṇḍyaṃ strīṇāṃ smṛtyantare tṛtīyapuruṣāvadhi | na tu tribhya ūrdhvaṃ mātṛbandhubhyo vivāha iṣyate kiṃ tarhi pañcamādūrdhvam | evaṃ hi gautamaḥ paṭhati (a0 4 sū0 3 | 5) | "ūrdhvaṃ saptamātpitṛbandhubhyo mātṛbandhubhyaḥ pañcamāditi" | tena yathāśrutisamanvayābhāvāt sapiṇḍaśabdaḥ smṛtyantaravaśena mātṛsambandhitayā vyākaraṇīyaḥ | tenaivamuktaṃ syāt 'māturanvayajā jāyā na bhavati' | avadhiśca gautamīya eva | tena mātāmahapramātāmahayorānvaye jātā sā putrasantaterbāndhavasāmīpyātpañcamīṃ yāvanna vivāhayitavyā | ato mātṛṣvasṛtadduhitṝṇāṃ pramātāmahasaṃtatijānāṃ ca sarvāsāṃ pratiṣedho, bandhutvāviśeṣāt | asagotrā ca yā pituḥ | gotraṃ vasiṣṭhabhṛgugargādivaṃśaḥ smaryate | samānagotrā vasiṣṭhā na vasiṣṭhairvivahante na gargā gargaiḥ | vāsiṣṭhe tu mātṛsagotrāyā api pratiṣedhaḥ | “pariṇīya sagotrāṃ tu samānapravarāṃ tathā | kṛtvā tasyāḥ samutsargaṃ dvijaścāndrāyaṇaṃ caret” | “mātulasya sutāṃ caiva mātṛgotrāṃ tathaiva ca” | “gautamena tu paṭhyate ( a0 4 sū0 2 ) “asamānapravarairvivāha” iti | tatra gotrasamatve satyapi pravarabhedaścedyujyate vivāhaḥ” | tadayuktam | yataḥ smṛtyantare hyubhayaṃ niṣidhyate “asamānārṣagotrajāmiti ( yājña0 ā0 53 )” | ārṣa pravara ityeko'rthaḥ | “kathaṃ punargotrabhede samānārṣeyatvam” | kimiti na bhavati yadi smaryate | śrutismṛtipramāṇako'yamartho na pratyakṣagocaro, yena virodhaḥ syāt | “ke punaramī pravarā nāma” | atyalpamidamucyate |

‘Recommended’—enjoined with commendation.

3.5.2

idamapi vaktavyaṃ—kiṃ punaretadbrāhmaṇatvaṃ nāma, tathā kataradetadgotraṃ nāma | yathaiva samāne puruṣatve brāhmaṇatvādiviśeṣaḥ, evaṃ samāne brāhmaṇatve vasiṣṭhādigotrabhedaḥ, pratigotraṃ ca samānārṣeyāṇi | yasyaitadgotraṃ tasya taiḥ śabdaiḥ pravarāśrayaṇaṃ kartavyam | evaṃ vivāhaniṣedhe'pi | smaranti ca sūtrakārāḥ gotrabhedasambandhena pravarān, ‘yasyaitadgotraṃ tasyeme pravarā’ iti | gotrabhedastu tadgotrajaireva | smaryate—‘vayaṃ parāśarā vayamupamanyava’ iti | yadyapi gotravatpravarānapi smaranti, tathāpi bahutvatkadācidvismareyuriti gotramupalakṣaṇīkṛtya pravarasmṛtirupanibaddhā | gotraṃ tu smaranti | na ca tasya kiñcidupalakṣaṇamasti ‘ya evaṃrūpastasyedaṃ gotramiti’ | etāvattatra smaraṇam | yāvadgotraṃ santatisamānajātīyatvam | eṣa ca gotrapravarabhedaḥ brāhmaṇānāṃ na rājanyaviśām | tathāhi kalpasūtrakāraḥ “paurohityādrājanyavaiśyayoriti” | yadyapi gotraviśeṣavyapadeśe sati prāptapratiṣedhenāpi pravarādhikāre vacanamidamupapadyate, kiṃ tu na teṣāṃ gotrasmaraṇamasti | “kastarhi kṣatriyavaiśyayorvivāhe'pi bandhūnāmavadherniyamaḥ” | ucyate | sarvavarṇaviṣayametat “ūrdhvaṃ saptamāt pitṛbandhubhyaḥ” iti | ihāpyasagotrā ca-śabdādasapiṇḍā | tathā cānuvartyamānaḥ sapiṇḍaśabdaḥ pūrvavadvandhusambandhopalakṣaṇārthaḥ | tena pitṛṣvasuranvayastrīṇāmanyāsāṃ ca prapitāmahasantatistrīṇāmā saptamātpuruṣātpratiṣedhaḥ siddho bhavati | saptamapuruṣāvadhayaḥ sapiṇḍāḥ smaryante |

‘Recommended’—enjoined with commendation.

3.5.3

anye tu 'gotraṃ' vaṃśamāhuḥ | na tatrāvadhyapekṣā | yāvadetajjñāyate vayamekavaṃśā iti tāvadvivāhaḥ | asminnapi pakṣe asapiṇḍā cetyanuvartate | tena pūrvavatpitṛṣvasrādiduhitṝṇāṃ pratiṣedhaḥ | "asmiṃstu pakṣe samānārṣagotrāyāṃ pratiṣedho durlabhaḥ | na hi tatraitadasti vayamekavaṃśyā iti" | ucyate | aitihāsikene taddarśanena samarthayante | tatrahi varṇayanti | "ṛṣirvasiṣṭhādirādyo vaṃśasya kartā tadgotrāstataḥ prasūtāḥ pravarā iti tatputrapautrāstapovidyādyatiśayaguṇayogena prakhyātatamāḥ |" smṛtyantarādeṣa eva niyamaḥ | idaṃ tvatra nirūpyaṃ-yadetatsamānapravarairiti tatra nāmadheyatastāvatsamānatvaṃ na saṃkhyātaḥ | nāmadheyasamānatve ca kiṃ yatra sarvāṇyeva samānāni tatra pratiṣedha utaikasminnapi samāne | tatra yadi samuditānāṃ pravaratvaṃ, tatra samāne kasmiṃścidbhinne'nyasminnanyaḥ samudāyaḥ sañjāta ityasamānapravaratvānna pratiṣedhaḥ | evaṃ copamanyūnāṃ parāśarāṇāṃ ca syādvivāhaḥ | bhinnaṃ tayorgotram | eka upamanyavaḥ apare parāśarāḥ, pūrveṇa ca nyāyena pravarabhedaḥ | upamanyūnāṃ vāsiṣṭhabhāradvājaikapāditi pravarāḥ, parāśarāṇāṃ vāsiṣṭhagāryyapārāśaryeti | athaikaikasya pravaratvamekasminnapi samāne pratiṣedhaḥ | tadyathā māṣā na bhoktavyā, miśrā api na bhujyante | kiṃ punaratra yuktam | ekaikasya pravaratvam | tathāhi sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ dṛśyate | ekaṃ vṛṇīte dvau vṛṇīte trīnvṛṇīta iti pratipanna ekaḥ | tatsāmye'pyāhaiṣāmavivāha iti |

‘Recommended’—enjoined with commendation.

3.5.4

dvijātigrahaṇamupalakṣaṇārtham | śūdrasyāpi ā saptamātpitṛtaḥ pañcamānmātṛta ityasti | dārakaraṇaṃ dārakriyā dārakarma | tatra praśastā praśaṃsayā vihitetyarthaḥ | amaithunī | mithune bhavā maithunī, na maithunī amaithunī | pituriti saṃbadhyate, pitṛbījādevotpannā jātamātrā | niyogo vihitastata utpannāyā nāsti pūrvoktaviśeṣaṇairniṣedhaḥ | ataḥ pṛthaṅniṣidhyate amaithunīti | tato niyogotpannā kāmato na vivāhyā, maithunītvāt | anye tu amaithune iti paṭhanti | dharmārthe dārakarmaṇi praśastā, na maithune | stutiśceyaṃ na pratiṣedhaḥ | īdṛśī voḍhā sā satyapi maithune dharmārthaiva bhavati |

‘Who is not born of (unlawful) intercourse,’ i.e., who is born directly from her lawful father. ‘Niyoga’ (begetting of offspring by the widow) having been permitted, the girl who would be born under that form would not be excluded by the foregoing qualifications; hence she is separately excluded by the term ‘who its not born of unlawful intercourse;’ which means that one should not voluntarily marry a girl born, of ‘Niyoga,’ because she is born of unlawful intercourse.

Others read ‘Amaithune’ (for ‘Amaithunī), and explain it to mean that the girl described has been recommended as an associate at religions functions, and not for sexual intercourse.

And such a prohibition would be by way of eulogy; the sense being—‘if one marries a girl with these qualifications, she fulfills his religious functions, even though there be no sexual intercourse.’

‘Recommended’—enjoined with commendation.