Bhagavatapurana 5.20

5.20.1

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/0 śrī-śuka uvāca
ataḥ paraṃ plakṣādīnāṃ pramāṇa-lakṣaṇa-saṃsthānato varṣa-vibhāga upavarṇyate //

1. Sri Suka said:— Hereafter Plaksha and other Dwipas are described severally in the given order as regards their dimensions, distinguishing and relative position as well as its divisions called Varshas.

5.20.2

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jambūdvīpo 'yaṃ yāvat-pramāṇa-vistāras tāvatā kṣārodadhinā pariveṣṭito yathā merur jambv-ākhyena lavaṇodadhir api tato dvi-guṇa-viśālena plakṣākhyena parikṣipto yathā parikhā bāhyopavanena plakṣo jambū-pramāṇo dvīpākhyākaro hiraṇmaya utthito yatrāgnir upāste sapta-jihvas tasyādhipatiḥ priyavratātmaja idhmajihvaḥ svaṃ dvīpaṃ sapta-varṣāṇi vibhajya sapta-varṣa-nāmabhya ātmajebhya ākalayya svayam ātma-yogenopararāma //

2. Just as the Jambudwipa is surrounded by the salt sea of the same dimensions as itself and Meru by Jambudwipa, so the salt sea is by Plakshadwipa, double in dimensions, as a moat may be by a outlying garden; there rises the great Plaksha tree equal to the Jambu in dimensions; it is of golden essence and gives its name to the Dwipa; there Agni, the god of fire of seven tongues, shines supreme; the ruler of this Dwipa *Idhmajihva* son of Priyavrata divided it into seven continents and entrusted them to his seven sons who bear the same names; and himself retired practising devotion to Atman.

5.20.3

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śivaṃ yavasaṃ subhadraṃ śāntaṃ kṣemam amṛtam abhayam iti varṣāṇi teṣu girayo nadyaś ca saptaivābhijñātāḥ //

3. Siva, Yavasa (Yasasya), Subhadra, Santa, Kshema, Amrita and Abhaya are the continents and there the mountains and rivers are also known to be (severally) seven (one in each continent).

5.20.4

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maṇikūṭo vajrakūṭa indraseno jyotiṣmān suparṇo hiraṇyaṣṭhīvo meghamāla iti setu-śailāḥ aruṇā nṛmṇāṅgirasī sāvitrī suptabhātā ṛtambharā satyambharā iti mahā-nadyaḥ yāsāṃ jalopasparśana-vidhūta-rajas-tamaso haṃsa-pataṅgordhvāyana-satyāṅga-saṃjñāś catvāro varṇāḥ sahasrāyuṣo vibudhopama-sandarśana-prajananāḥ svarga-dvāraṃ trayyā vidyayā bhagavantaṃ trayīmayaṃ sūryam ātmānaṃ yajante //

4. Manikuta, Vajrakuta, Indrasena, Jyotishman, *Hiranyashtiva, and Meghamala, these seven are the mountains that form the boundaries; Aruna, Nrimuna, Angirasi, Savitri, Suprabhata, Hritambhara, and Satyambhara are the great rivers by using whose waters four classes of people called Hamsa, Patanga, Urdhvayana, and Satyanga are free from the effects of Rajas and Tamas, live a thousand years, look beautiful and like them, like the gods, beget without any painful conditions; by means of the Vedic knowledge they offer sacrificial worship to Atman as the glorious One, who is spoken of by all the three Vedas and who is the way to Heaven.

5.20.5

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pratnasya viṣṇo rūpaṃ yat satyasyartasya brahmaṇaḥ /
amṛtasya ca mṛtyoś ca sūryam ātmānam īmahīti //

5. (Thus do they contemplate Him) We resort as our asylum to that Surya who is Atman and an apparent form of Vishnu, the Eternal Person who presides over Satya, Rita, Brahman, Amrita and Mrityu (Satya active righteousness in practice; Rita the abstract righteousness of correct perception; Brahman the Veda which teaches righteousness; Amrita the food resulting from Dharma; Mrityu the evil resulting from the violation of Dharma).

5.20.6

plakṣādiṣu pañcasu puruṣāṇām āyur indriyam ojaḥ saho balaṃ buddhir vikrama iti ca sarveṣām autpattikī siddhir aviśeṣeṇa vartate //

6. In the five Dwipas commencing with Plaksha persons are by nature blessed with long life, sound organs, energy, prowess, strength, intelligence, heroic activity; this state continues to be the same (throughout their existence).

5.20.7

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plakṣaḥ sva-samānenekṣu-rasodenāvṛto yathā tathā dvīpo 'pi śālmalo dvi-guṇa-viśālaḥ samānena surodenāvṛtaḥ parivṛṅkte //

7. Plaksha is surrounded by the sea of sugarcane juice in extent equal to itself; so also Salmala Dwipa double in extent shines surrounded by Suroda (the sea of Sura) equal in extent to itself.

5.20.8

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yatra ha vai śālmalī plakṣāyāmā yasyāṃ vāva kila nilayam āhur bhagavataś chandaḥ-stutaḥ patattri-rājasya sā dvīpa-hūtaye upalakṣyate //

8. Here (in the Salmala Dwipa) indeed there is the tree of Salmali equal in dimensions to Plaksha; on that tree indeed, it is said, is the abode of the worshipful Garuda the King of birds who is ever chanting Vedic Hymns in praise of the Lord; (who is ever praising the Lord), [the Dwipa takes its name from that Tree, which is its distinguishing feature.]

5.20.9

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tad-dvīpādhipatiḥ priyavratātmajo yajñabāhuḥ sva-sutebhyaḥ saptabhyas tan-nāmāni sapta-varṣāṇi vyabhajat surocanaṃ saumanasyaṃ ramaṇakaṃ deva-varṣaṃ pāribhadram āpyāyanam avijñātam iti //

9. The Lord of that Dwipa is Yajnabahu (Yajvabahu) the son of Priyavrata; he divided it among his seven sons who give their names severally to the seven continents; to wit, Surochana, Saumanasya, Ramanaka, Devavarsha, (Devabarha) Paribhadra, (Paribarha or Paribhadra) Apyayana, and Avijnata (Abhijata).

5.20.10

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teṣu varṣādrayo nadyaś ca saptaivābhijñātāḥ svarasaḥ śataśṛṅgo vāmadevaḥ kundo mukundaḥ puṣpa-varṣaḥ sahasra-śrutir iti anumatiḥ sinīvālī sarasvatī kuhū rajanī nandā rāketi //

10. In those continents, the continental mountains and rivers are known to be only seven; Viz; Swarasa, Satasringa, Vamadeva, Kunda, Kumuda, Pushpavarsha, and Sahasrasruti; (the rivers are) Anumati, Sinivali, Saraswati, Kuhu, Rajani, Nanda, and Raka.

5.20.11

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tad-varṣa-puruṣāḥ śrutadhara-vīryadhara-vasundhareṣandhara-saṃjñā bhagavantaṃ vedamayaṃ somam ātmānaṃ vedena yajante //

11. The peoples of those continents are known as Srutadhara, Viryadhara, Vasundhara and Ishundhara and by means of the Vedas they worship the glorious Atman in the form of Soma, described by the Vedas.

5.20.12

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sva-gobhiḥ pitṛ-devebhyo vibhajan kṛṣṇa-śuklayoḥ /
prajānāṃ sarvāsāṃ rājā- ndhaḥ somo na āstv iti //

12. (They contemplate Soma thus):— May king Soma who for the gods and the Pitris divides food in the form of his rays, respectively during the bright and the dark fort-nights continue to divide food among all creatures!

5.20.13

evaṃ surodād bahis tad-dvi-guṇaḥ samānenāvṛto ghṛtodena yathā-pūrvaḥ kuśa-dvīpo yasmin kuśa-stambo deva-kṛtas tad-dvīpākhyākaro jvalana ivāparaḥ sva-śaṣpa-rociṣā diśo virājayati //

13. Similarly beyond the Suroda is situated Kusadwipa like the preceding one, double in extent and surrounded by the sea of ghee (Ghritoda) equal in extent to itself; in this Dwipa stands a clump of kusa planted by the gods giving the Dwipa its name, refulgent like

another burning fire and illuminating all the cardinal points by the lustre of its blades.

5.20.14

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tad-dvīpa-patiḥ praiyavrato rājan hiraṇyaretā nāma svaṃ dvīpaṃ saptabhyaḥ sva-putrebhyo yathā-bhāgaṃ vibhajya svayaṃ tapa ātiṣṭhata vasu-vasudāna-dṛḍharuci-nābhigupta-stutyavrata-vivikta-vāmadeva-nāmabhyaḥ //

14. O King! the Lord of that Dwipa is a son of Priyavratha the well-known Hiranyaretas; he divided it (His dwipa) in due measure among his seven sons; *Viz*, Vasu, Vasudana, Dhridaruchi, Nabhigupta, Stutyavrata (Satyavrata) Vivikta and Vamadeva and he took himself to *tapas*.

5.20.15

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teṣāṃ varṣeṣu sīmā-girayo nadyaś cābhijñātāḥ sapta saptaiva cakraś catuḥśṛṅgaḥ kapilaś citrakūṭo devānīka ūrdhvaromā draviṇa iti rasakulyā madhukulyā mitravindā śrutavindā devagarbhā ghṛtacyutā mantramāleti //

15. In these continents the boundary mountains and rivers are distinctly known to be seven in number (one in each); *Viz*., (the mountains are) Chakra Chatussringa, Kapila, Chitrakuta, Devaneeka, Urdhasena and Dravina; (the rivers are) Rasakulya, Madhukulya, Mithravinda, Srutavinda, Devagarbha, Ghritachyuta, and Mantramala.

5.20.16

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yāsāṃ payobhiḥ kuśadvīpaukasaḥ kuśala-kovidābhiyukta-kulaka-saṃjñā bhagavantaṃ jātaveda-sarūpiṇaṃ karma-kauśalena yajante //

16. With the waters of these rivers the inhabitants of Kusa Dwipa, known as Kusalasas, Kovidas, Abiyuktas, and Kulakas worship the glorious Lord in the form of Agni by observing an excellent course of righteous duties.

5.20.17

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parasya brahmaṇaḥ sākṣāj jāta-vedo 'si havyavāṭ /
devānāṃ puruṣāṅgānāṃ yajñena puruṣaṃ yajeti //

17. (And they pray to Him thus:)—O Jatavedas (Agni), thou art the chief and direct bearer of our offerings to the Supreme Brahman; be thou gracious enough to worship the Perfect Person by means of the sacrifice performed (also) by the gods who are the members of the Lord's Personality (as resting on the different parts thereof).

5.20.18

tathā ghṛtodād bahiḥ krauñcadvīpo dvi-guṇaḥ sva-mānena kṣīrodena parita upakḷpto vṛto yathā kuśadvīpo ghṛtodena yasmin krauñco nāma parvata-rājo dvīpa-nāma-nirvartaka āste //

18. Also beyond the sea of Ghritha there is the Krouncha Dwipa, double in extent and surrounded by the sea of milk equal in extent to itself, just as the Kusadwipa is surrounded by the sea of Ghritha. Here is a great mountain called Krouncha, whence the Dwipa takes its name.

5.20.19

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yo 'sau guha-praharaṇonmathita-nitamba-kuñjo 'pi kṣīrodenā-sicyamāno bhagavatā varuṇenābhigupto vibhayo babhūva //

19. Though its meadow-ledges and bowers were greatly despoiled by the weapons of god Guha, still that mountain constantly showered over by the sea of milk and protected by the glorious Varuna stands fearless (uninjured).

5.20.20

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tasminn api praiyavrato ghṛtapṛṣṭho nāmādhipatiḥ sve dvīpe varṣāṇi sapta vibhajya teṣu putra-nāmasu sapta rikthādān varṣapān niveśya svayaṃ bhagavān bhagavataḥ parama-kalyāṇa-yaśasa ātma-bhūtasya hareś caraṇāravindam upajagāma //

20. Here also the (first) king is a son of Priyavrata known as Grithaprishta; he divided his dwipa into seven continents bearing the names of his sons seven in number, appointed them to be his heirs

and severally the rulers thereof; and being himself worshipful (by his righteous life and duties), he attained to the lotus-like feet of Hari, the glorious Lord of most auspicious name and the Atman of all.

5.20.21

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āmo madhuruho meghapṛṣṭhaḥ sudhāmā bhrājiṣṭho lohitārṇo vanaspatir iti ghṛtapṛṣṭha-sutās teṣāṃ varṣa-girayaḥ sapta saptaiva nadyaś cābhikhyātāḥ śuklo vardhamāno bhojana upabarhiṇo nando nandanaḥ sarvatobhadra iti abhayā amṛtaughā āryakā tīrthavatī rūpavatī pavitravatī śukleti //

21. The sons of Ghrithaprishta are Ama, Madhuruha, Meghaprishta, Sudhama, Bhrajishtha, Lohitarna, and Vanaspathi; there the boundary mountains as well as the rivers are known to be only seven, (the mountains) Sukla, Vardhamana, Bhojana, Upabarhana, Nanda, Nandana, and Sarvatobhadra; (the rivers are) Abhaya, Amritougha, Aryaka, Tirthavatee, Vrittirupavati, Pavitravati and Sukla.

5.20.22

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yāsām ambhaḥ pavitram amalam upayuñjānāḥ puruṣa-ṛṣabha-draviṇa-devaka-saṃjñā varṣa-puruṣā āpomayaṃ devam apāṃ pūrṇenāñjalinā yajante //

22. Making use of the pure and hallowed waters of those rivers the peoples of these continents, known as Purushas, Rishabhas, Dravinas, and Devakas, worship the Lord in the form of water with their joined hands full of water.

5.20.23

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āpaḥ puruṣa-vīryāḥ stha punantīr bhūr-bhuvaḥ-suvaḥ /
tā naḥ punītāmīva-ghnīḥ spṛśatām ātmanā bhuva iti //

23. (They praise the waters thus):—"O Waters, you are endowed with (great) virtue by the Supreme Lord. May you purify us who touch you the purifiers of the three worlds! For you are by nature capable of removing (all) the sin of those that touch you.

5.20.24

evaṃ purastāt kṣīrodāt parita upaveśitaḥ śākadvīpo dvātriṃśal-lakṣa-yojanāyāmaḥ samānena ca dadhi-maṇḍodena parīto yasmin śāko nāma mahīruhaḥ sva-kṣetra-vyapadeśako yasya ha mahā-surabhi-gandhas taṃ dvīpam anuvāsayati //

24. Similarly, beyond the sea of milk lies about the Sakadwipa thirty-two lakhs of yojanas in extent, surrounded by the sea of curds equal in extent to itself; here stands the great tree Saka giving its name to the land where it grows; and its overpowering fragrance perfumes the Dwipa.

5.20.25

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tasyāpi praiyavrata evādhipatir nāmnā medhātithiḥ so 'pi vibhajya sapta varṣāṇi putra-nāmāni teṣu svātmajān purojava-manojava-pavamāna-dhūmrānīka-citrarepha-bahurūpa-viśvadhāra-saṃjñān nidhāpyādhipatīn svayaṃ bhagavaty ananta ā-veśita-matis tapovanaṃ praviveśa //

25. In this Dwipa also, the king is a son of Priyavrata, Medhatithi by name; he also divided it into seven continents bearing the names of his sons, Purojava, Manojava, Pavamana, Dhumranika, Chritrarepha, Bahurupa, and Visvadhara and established them there as their rulers; and himself, having set his mind on the glorious immeasurable Lord retreated to a hermitage.

5.20.26

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eteṣāṃ varṣa-maryādā-girayo nadyaś ca sapta saptaiva īśāna uruśṛṅgo balabhadraḥ śatakesaraḥ sahasrasroto devapālo mahānasa iti anaghāyurdā ubhayaspṛṣṭir aparājitā pañcapadī sahasrasrutir nijadhṛtir iti //

26. Of these continents the rivers as well as the boundary moun-

tains are only seven. The mountains are Isana, Urusringa, Balabhadra, Satakesara, Sahasrasrota, Devapala, Mahanasa; the rivers are Anagha, Ayurtha, Ubhayasprishti, Aparajita, Panchapadi, Sahasrasruti and Nijadhriti.

5.20.27

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tad-varṣa-puruṣā ṛtavrata-satyavrata-dānavratānuvrata-nāmāno bhagavantaṃ vāyv-ātmakaṃ prāṇāyāma-vidhūta-rajas-tamasaḥ parama-samādhinā yajante //

27. The people of these continents are called Ritavratha, Satyavratha, Danavratha, and Anuvratha; having purified themselves of Rajas and Tamas by Pranayama and in perfect concentration (control of breath) they worship the Lord in the form of Vayu thus:-

5.20.28

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antaḥ-praviśya bhūtāni yo bibharty ātma-ketubhiḥ /
antaryāmīśvaraḥ sākṣāt pātu no yad-vaśe sphuṭam //

28. May the Lord who is the ruler within and who enters into all beings and supports them by His activities protect us who are evidently under His control (V. D. under whose control this universe exists)!

5.20.29

evam eva dadhi-maṇḍodāt parataḥ puṣkaradvīpas tato dvi-guṇāyāmaḥ samantata upakalpitaḥ samānena svādūdakena samudreṇa bahir āvṛto yasmin bṛhat-puṣkaraṃ jvalana-śikhāmala-kanaka-patrāyutāyutaṃ bhagavataḥ kamalāsanasyādhyāsanaṃ parikalpitam //

29. So also beyond the sea of curds lies Pushkara Dwipa, double in extent, surrounded by the sea of fresh water, equal in extent to itself; in this sea is to be found a gigantic lotus of hundred million (D. ten thousand) golden petals refulgent like the flames of fire and intended to be the throne of Brahma the lotus-born.

5.20.30

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tad-dvīpa-madhye mānasottara-nāmaika evārvācīna-parācīna-varṣayor maryādācalo 'yuta-yojanocchrāyāyāmo yatra tu catasṛṣu dikṣu catvāri purāṇi loka-pālānām indrādīnāṃ yad-upariṣṭāt sūrya-rathasya meruṃ paribhramataḥ saṃvatsarātmakaṃ cakraṃ devānām aho-rātrābhyāṃ paribhramati //

30. In the middle of this Dwipa rises but one mountain Manasothara by name, forming the boundary of the two continents, east and west, into which it is divided; it is ten thousand yojanas both in length and breadth; and there, in the four directions, there are four cities belonging to Indra and other gods, gaurdians of the world; being fixed on to its top rotates, round the Meru, in the space of a day and a night of the celestials, the wheel of the sun's chariot, which makes the year.

5.20.31

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tad-dvīpasyāpy adhipatiḥ praiyavrato vītihotro nāmaitasyātmajau ramaṇaka-dhātaki-nāmānau varṣa-patī niyujya sa svayaṃ pūrvajavad-bhagavat-karma-śīla evāste //

31. In this Dwipa too, the ruler is a son of Priyavrata known as Veetihotra. His sons are Ramanaka and Dhathaki. Having commanded them to be the protectors of the two continents, he like his elder brothers devotes himself only to the duties towards the Lord.

5.20.32

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tad-varṣa-puruṣā bhagavantaṃ brahma-rūpiṇaṃ sakarmakeṇa karmaṇārādhayantīdaṃ codāharanti //

32. The inhabitants of these continents propitiate the Supreme Lord in the form of Brahma (enthroned on the lotus) by means of duties leading to Salokya and other attainments, and sing their prayers thus:—

5.20.33

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yat tat karmamayaṃ liṅgaṃ brahma-liṅgaṃ jano 'rcayet /
ekāntam advayaṃ śāntaṃ tasmai bhagavate nama iti //

33. "We bow to that Almighty One who is practically the concrete goal of all righteous works, who is the indication of the Supreme Being and whom the world should worship, who is only one without a second and is serene, untouched by anything else.

5.20.34

tataḥ parastāl lokāloka-nāmācalo lokālokayor antarāle parita upakṣiptaḥ //

34. Rishabha said:— Beyond that sea of fresh water lies going round on all sides a mountain chain called Lokaloka, between the Loka _i.e._, the region illuminated by the Sun and Aloka which is not lighted by him.

5.20.35

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yāvan mānasottara-mervor antaraṃ tāvatī bhūmiḥ kāñcany anyādarśa-talopamā yasyāṃ prahitaḥ padārtho na kathañcit punaḥ pratyupalabhyate tasmāt sarva-sattva-parihṛtāsīt //

35. Beyond the Lokaloka mountains, there stretches a tract of land, all gold, between Meru and Manasottara. It is like a sheet of mirror; anything that goes into that land is never to be seen again and therefore it is avoided by every living being.

5.20.36

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lokāloka iti samākhyā yad anenācalena lokālokasyāntarvar-tināvasthāpyate //

36. The name, Lokaloka, is due to the position of this mountain, between the regions called Loka and Aloka.

5.20.37

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sa loka-trayānte parita īśvareṇa vihito yasmāt sūryādīnāṃ dhruvāpavargāṇāṃ jyotir-gaṇānāṃ gabhastayo 'rvācīnāṃs trīn lokān āvitanvānā na kadācit parācīnā bhavitum utsahante tāvad un-nahanāyāmaḥ //

37. Since that chain of mountains is placed by the Almighty Lord all round the three worlds, it is also made so high all round that the rays of the innumerable luminaries (in the sky) from the sun to Dhruva (Pole star) do not go beyond it, but only shed light into the three worlds below, (enclosed by the chain).

5.20.38

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etāvān loka-vinyāso māna-lakṣaṇa-saṃsthābhir vicintitaḥ kavibhiḥ sa tu pañcāśat-koṭi-gaṇitasya bhū-golasya turīya-bhāgo 'yaṃ lokālokācalaḥ //

38. So far has been described the disposition of the regions lighted by the sun with details of dimensions, characteristics and relative positions and its extent is considerd by the wise to be fifty crores of Yojanas. The chain of Lokaloka mountains occupies a fourth of the area of the globe just measured.

5.20.39

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tad-upariṣṭāc catasṛṣv āśāsvātma-yoninākhila-jagad-guruṇādhiniveśitā ye dvirada-pataya ṛṣabhaḥ puṣkaracūḍo vāmano 'parājita iti sakala-loka-sthiti-hetavaḥ //

39. Beyond that, at the four cardinal points, four great elephants are stationed by the Father of all the worlds who is born of Atman—_Viz_; Rishabha, Pushkarachooda, Vamana, and Aparajita, for the sake of maintaining the worlds in position.

5.20.40

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teṣāṃ sva-vibhūtīnāṃ loka-pālānāṃ ca vividha-vīryopabṛṃhaṇāya bhagavān parama-mahā-puruṣo mahā-vibhūti-patir antaryāmy ātmano viśuddha-sattvaṃ dharma-jñāna-vairāgyaiśvaryādy-aṣṭa-mahā-siddhy-upalakṣaṇaṃ viṣvaksenādibhiḥ sva-pārṣada-pravaraiḥ parivārito nija-varāyudhopaśobhitair nija-bhuja-daṇḍaiḥ sandhārayamāṇas tasmin giri-vare samantāt sakala-loka-svastaya āste //

40. In order to infuse with the necessary and various forms of strength into these (elephants) as well as the World-Protectors, Indra and others, endowed with His own Amsa, the glorious Lord, the Su-

preme Person, the Lord of all Supreme Powers, in-dwelling guide of Atman, surrounded by His retinue consisting of Vishvaksena and others and exhibiting His pure Satva, nature, indicative of righteousness, omniscience and the great eight-fold accomplishments, in the form of His eight arms resplendent with His Supreme weapons He is present, enthroned on that mountain for the welfare of all the worlds around.

5.20.41

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ākalpam evaṃ veṣaṃ gata eṣa bhagavān ātma-yogamāyayā viracita-vividha-loka-yātrā-gopīyāyety arthaḥ //

41. The meaning of this is that the glorious Lord appears in this form till the time of dissolution for maintaining the various career of the world instituted by the powers of His own Yoga (Yogamaya).

5.20.42

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yo 'ntar-vistāra etena hy aloka-parimāṇaṃ ca vyākhyātaṃ yad bahir lokālokācalāt tataḥ parastād yogeśvara-gatiṃ viśuddhām udāharanti //

42. By the extent within (as now described), the extent of Aloka outside Lokaloka chain is also given; beyond the Aloka is situated the pure region travelled by the Yogeswara Sri Krishna, they say.

5.20.43

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aṇḍa-madhya-gataḥ sūryo dyāv-ābhūmyor yad antaram /
sūryāṇḍa-golayor madhye koṭyaḥ syuḥ pañca-viṃśatiḥ //

43. The sun is in the middle of the great Egg of Universe, *i-e.*, at the point midway between the earth and the vault of heaven; from the sun to the circumference of this sphere, the distance is twenty crores of Yojanas.

5.20.44

mṛte 'ṇḍa eṣa etasmin yad abhūt tato mārtaṇḍa iti vyapadeśaḥ hiraṇyagarbha iti yad dhiraṇyāṇḍa-samudbhavaḥ //

44. Since he (the sun) is in this inanimate globe, he has acquired the appellation of Marthanda. He is also called Hiranyagarbha as being born of the golden Egg.

5.20.45

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sūryeṇa hi vibhajyante diśaḥ khaṃ dyaur mahī bhidā /
svargāpavargau narakā rasaukāṃsi ca sarvaśaḥ //

45. By (the course of) the sun indeed are divided the cardinal points, the heavens, the celestial region, the earth and other distinctions; why, the regions of pleasure and final beatitude, the regions of hell as well as the nether worlds and all.

5.20.46

deva-tiryaṅ-manuṣyāṇāṃ sarīsṛpa-savīrudhām /
sarva-jīva-nikāyānāṃ sūrya ātmā dṛg-īśvaraḥ //

46. Of the gods, the lower animals, (birds and beasts), of men and serpents, of creepers and plants, of all kinds of living beings, Surya is the lord enthroned in their eyes.