Kaṭha Upaniṣad 2.19
Kaṭhaprakāśikā (Raṅgarāmānuja) 2.19
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- Sanskrit
2.19
ātmā; nityatvāt | śarīrameva tu tathā | hanyamāne api śarīre, satyapi tatsambandhe, nāyaṃ hanyate; sarvataḥ sūkṣmatvāt | na hi sthūlavṛkṣādau chidyamāne sūkṣmamākāśaṃ1 chidyate |
ekonaviṃśati mantraḥ
[ ātmano nityatvam ]
hantā cenmanyate hantuṃ hataścenmanyate hatam |
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate ||
2.19.p1
pra.dī. - samyagityāha - hantā cet iti | dehātmābhimānadṛṣṭissan, ayamātmānaṃ, hantuṃ manyate cet, hantā - dehaviyogakārakaḥ, jīvātmānaṃ hantum manyate cet, ātmānaṃ haniṣyāmi iti manyate cet, hataḥ - dehaviyuktaḥ svātmānaṃ hataṃ manyate cet, tau - pūrvoktau, ubhau - hantṛhatau, na vijānītaḥ - acchedyatvādi dharmaviśiṣṭaṃ svātmānaṃ na vijānītaḥ na jñātavantau ātmanaḥ acchedyatvāt, ayamātmā anyaṃ na hanti, ayamātmā anyena na hanyate |
2.19.p2
pra. - tadeva upapādayati - hantā cet iti | ahamenaṃ haniṣyāmi iti dehātmadṛṣṭyā manyate cet ityarthaḥ | hataścenmanyate hatam - chinnadehāvayavaḥ dehātmadṛṣṭyā ātmānam, hato'hamiti manyate cedityarthaḥ | ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ| ātmasvarūpamiti śeṣaḥ | nāyaṃ hanti | ātmānamiti śeṣaḥ | na hanyate ātmasvarūpamiti śeṣaḥ | nanu1 - vedāntavedyapariśuddhātmasvarūpe kathaṃ hananādiprasaktitatpūrvakaniṣedhau iti vācyam; tasyaiva kṣetrībhūtatayā2 tatprayuktatatsambhavāditi draṣṭavyam |
2.19.p3
[ ātmanityatvādhikaraṇam ]
2.19.p4
imau mantrau prastutya viyatpāde cintitam | tatra hi vāyuścāntarikṣam̐ ca etadamṛtam (bṛ.u.4-3-3) iti vāyvantarikṣayoḥ nityatvaśravaṇe'pi ātmana ākāśaḥ sambhūtaḥ, ākāśādvāyuḥ (tai.āna.21-1) iti tayoḥ utpattiśravaṇāt, ekavijñānena sarvavijñānasiddhyarthaṃ sarvasya vastuno brahmavikāratvasya avaśyāśrayaṇīyatvācca yathotpattiḥ aṅgīkriyate, evaṃ jīvānāṃ nityatvaśravaṇe'pi toyena jīvān vyasasarja bhūmyām (mahānā.1-4), prajāpatiḥ prajā asṛjata (tai.brā.1-1-10) iti jīvānāmapi sṛṣṭiśravaṇāt, ekavijñānena sarvavijñānasiddhyarthaṃ1 jīvasyāpi sṛṣṭiḥ abhyupagantavyā iti pūrvapakṣe prāpte - nātmā śruteḥ nityatvācca tābhyaḥ (bra.sū.2-3-18) iti sūtreṇa siddhāntitam | ātmā na utpadyate; na jāyate mriyate vā vipaścit (ka.u.2-18), jñājñau dvāvajau (śve.u.1-9) ityutpattiniṣedhaśruteḥ| tābhya eva śrutibhyaḥ nityatvāvagamācca | na ca utpatti śrutisarvavijñānapratijñāvirodhaḥ śaṃkyaḥ | svarūpasya nityatve'pi jñānasaṃkocavikāsalakṣaṇānyathābhāvarūpāvasthāntarāpattisattvena utpattiśruteḥ sarvavijñānapratijñāyāśca upapatteḥ | utpattiniṣedhaśruteśca svarūpānyathābhāvalakṣaṇotpattya- bhāvaparatayā avirodhāt |
2.19.p5
iyāṃstu viśeṣaḥ - cidacidīśvarāṇāṃ trayāṇāmapi avasthāntarāpattilakṣaṇotpattirūpo vikāraḥ astyeva | tathāpi acetanānāṃ svarūpānyathābhāvalakṣaṇotpattiḥ | jīvānāṃ tu sā nāsti | api tu jñānasaṃkocavikāsalakṣaṇasvabhāvānyathābhāvarūpā utpattiḥ | īśvarasya tu tanniyantṛtvā1dyavasthāsattve'pi uktalakṣaṇāniṣṭavikāradvayābhāvāt nityo nityānām (śve.u.6-13) iti paramātmanaḥ itaravilakṣaṇanityatvoktiḥ iti draṣṭavyam | varṇitaśca sūtrārthaḥ |
2.19.p6
utpattyasambhavādhikaraṇam
2.19.p7
nanu - na jāyate mriyate vā (ka.u.2-18) iti śrutipratiṣiddhā jīvotpattiḥ2, vāsudevātsaṃkarṣaṇo nāma jīvo jāyate (paramasaṃhitā) iti pratipādayataḥ pāṃcarātrasya kathaṃ prāmāṇyam? iiti cet - asyāḥ śaṃkāyāḥ tarkapāde nirākṛtatvāt | tathāhi - vāsudevātsaṃkarṣaṇo nāma jīvo jāyate iti jīvotpattiḥ pāṃcarātre pratipādyate | sā ca jīve na sambhavati | tathā saṃkarṣaṇāt pradyumnasaṃjñaṃ mano jāyate (paramasaṃhitā) iti karturjīvāt karaṇasya manasaḥ utpattiḥ śrūyamāṇā'pi na sambhavati | karturjīvātkaraṇotpatteḥ etasmājjāyate prāṇo manaḥ sarvendriyāṇi ca (muṃ.u.2-1-3) iti manaso brahmotpattipratipādakaśrutiviruddhatvāt iti, utpattyasambhavāt (bra.sū.2-2-39), na ca kartuḥ karaṇam (bra.sū.2-2-40) iti sūtradvayena3 pūrvapakṣaṃ kṛtvā, vijñānādibhāve vā tadapratiṣedhaḥ (bra.sū.2-2-41), vipratiṣedhācca (bra.sū.2-2-42) iti sūtrābhyāṃ4 siddhāntitam | vā śabdaḥ pūrvapakṣavyāvṛttyarthaḥ | vijñānaṃ ca tadādi ca vijñānādi |
2.19.p8
nanu ca kyantoghuḥ (liṅgānu.sū.41) iti ādiśabdasya nityapulliṅgatvāt kathametaditi cet-nāyaṃ ghuḥ, api tu ada bhakṣaṇe (dhā.pā.1011) ityasmādāvaśyakārthe ṇini pratyaye ādi iti rūpaṃ siddhyati | tena ca nikhilajagatsaṃhartṛtvamukhena kāraṇatvaṃ pratipādyata iti draṣṭavyam | ādivijñānam - paramātmā ityarthaḥ | saṃkarṣaṇo nāma jīvo jāyate iti śrutasya jīvaśabdārthasya tadabhimāniparamātmabhāve sati, śāstraprāmāṇyāpratiṣedhassiddhyati | paramātmanaśca jananaṃ nāma svecchādhīnaśarīraparigrahaḥ | tasminneva pāṃcarātratantre, sa hyanādiranantaśca iti jīvotpatteḥ viśeṣeṇa pratiṣiddhatayā tadviruddhābhidhānāsambhavāt; saṃkarṣaṇo nāma jīvo jāyate (paramasaṃhitā) ityanena jīvābhimānisaṃkarṣaṇasya icchādhīnaśarīraparigraharūpottpattiḥ pratipādyata iti na pāṃcarātraprāmāṇyamiti sūtrayorarthaḥ|
2.19.p9
nanu sāṃkhyapāśupatādyadhikaraṇavat idamapyadhikaraṇaṃ pāṃcarātraprāmāṇyapratiṣedhakaṃ kim? na syāditi cet - vedopabṛṃhaṇāya bhāratasaṃhitāṃ kurvatā bādarāyaṇena -
2.19.p10
idaṃ śatasahasrāddhi bhāratākhyānavistarāt |
2.19.p11
āmathya matimanthānaṃ dadhno ghṛtamivoddhṛtam || (ma.bhā.śāṃ.331-2)
2.19.p12
navanītaṃ yathā dadhno dvipadāṃ brāhmaṇo yathā |
2.19.p13
āraṇyakaṃ ca vedebhyaḥ oṣadhībhyo yatā'mṛtam || (ma.bhā.śāṃ.331-3)
2.19.p14
idaṃ mahopaniṣadaṃ caturvedasamanvitam |
2.19.p15
sāṃkhyayogakṛtāntena pāṃcarātrānuśabditam || (ma.bhā.śāṃ.326-100)
2.19.p16
idaṃ śreya idaṃ brahma idaṃ hitamanuttamam |
2.19.p17
ṛgyajussāmabhirjuṣṭamatharvāṅgirasaistathā || (ma.bhā.śāṃ.11-8)
2.19.p18
bhaviṣyati pramāṇaṃ vai etadevānuśāsanam |
2.19.p19
brāhmaṇaiḥ kṣatriyairvaiśyaiḥ śūdraiśca kṛtalakṣaṇaiḥ || (ma.bhā.śāṃ.322-41)
2.19.p20
arcanīyaśca sevyaśca pūjanīyaśca mādhavaḥ |
2.19.p21
sātvataṃ vidhimāsthāya gītassaṃkarṣaṇena yaḥ || (ma.bhā.śāṃ.66-40)
2.19.p22
asmātpravakṣyate dharmān manussvāyaṃbhuvastathā || (ma.bhā.śāṃ.322-41)
2.19.p23
ityādibhirvacanaiḥ bahuṣu sthaleṣu pāṃcarātraprāmāṇyaṃ pratiṣṭhāpitavatā, śārīrakaśāstre1 tatprāmāṇyaṃ nirākriyate - ityasya asaṅgatatvāt | nanvevam -
2.19.p24
evaṃ tattvamidaṃ kṛtsnaṃ sāṃkhyānāṃ viditātmanām |
2.19.p25
yaduktaṃ yatibhirmukhyaiḥ kapilādibhirīśvaraiḥ ||
2.19.p26
yasminna vibhramāḥ kecit dṛśyante manujarṣabha |
2.19.p27
guṇāśca yasmin bahavo doṣahāniśca kevalā || (ma.bhā.śāṃ.12-290-4)
2.19.p28
iti kāpilamatasya bhārate bhramādidoṣābhāvapratipādanāt,
2.19.p29
sarveṣu ca nṛpaśreṣṭha jñāneṣveteṣu dṛśyate |
2.19.p30
yathāgamaṃ yathānyāyaṃ niṣṭhā nārāyaṇaḥ prabhuḥ || (ma.bhā.śāṃ.337-63)
2.19.p31
iti sāṃkhyayogapāśupatādīnāmapi nārāyaṇaniṣṭhatvapratipādanāt, tameva śāstrakartāraḥ pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ (ma.bhā.śāṃ.mo359-70) iti tacchāstrakartṛṇāmapi nārāyaṇapratipādakatvasya pratipādanāt,
2.19.p32
sāṃkhyaṃ yogaḥ pāṃcarātraṃ vedāḥ pāśupataṃ tathā |
2.19.p33
ātmapramāṇānyetāni na hantavyāni hetubhiḥ || (ma.bhā.śāṃ.337-1)
2.19.p34
iti sarveṣāmapi ātmapramāṇatvapratipādanācca, sarve pramāṇaṃ hi tathā yathaitacchāstramuttamam iti pāṃcarātradṛṣṭāntena itaraśāstrāṇāmapi prāmāṇyapratipādanācca tatpāde sāṃkhyapāśupatādyāgamānāmapi prāmāṇyaṃ na nirākriyata iti cet - satyam;
2.19.p35
bhramavipralipsādirāhityaṃ śāstrakartṛṇām, paramatātparyaṃ nārāyaṇa eveti ca samānam | tathā'pi abahuśrutatayā tadvaktṛṇāṃ hṛdayamajānantaḥ āpātapratipannamevārthaṃ tāttvikaṃ manyamānā ye pratyavatiṣṭhante, tān prati sāṃkhyādyāgamānāmāpātapratipannārthamātraparatvam anvāruhya sūtrakṛtā tannirasanaṃ kṛtam | pāṃcarātraśāstraṃ tu paratattvahitapuruṣārthānāmeva āpātato'pi pratīteḥ vedaviruddhanimittopādānabhedādyapratīteśca, kṛtsnaṃ pramāṇameveti na ekadeśe'pi aprāmāṇyaśaṃkāvakāśaḥ iti draṣṭavyam | evameva vyāsāryaiḥ uktam | prakṛtamanusarāmaḥ |
2.19.p36
ā.bhā. - hantā - dehagatasyāpi hantṛtvasya ātmani abhimānavān, ahamasya hantā asmi ityadhyavasāyaviśiṣṭaḥ kaścit, hantuṃ manyate cet - ahamenaṃ hanmi, ahamenaṃ vadhiṣyāmi ityevaṃ saṃkalpayati cet, ataḥ kaścit dehātmadṛṣṭiḥ kenacit śarīraṃ chinnaṃ dṛṣṭvā ātmānaṃ hataṃ chinnaṃ manyate ahamanena hataḥ iti saṃkalpayati cet, tau - ātmani hantṛtvābhimānavān, hatatvābhimānavāṃśca, etau ubhāvapi na vijānītaḥ, yāthārthyena ātmasvarūpaṃ na avagacchata ityarthaḥ | yataḥ ayaṃ hantā na hanti - ātmānamiti śeṣaḥ, kintu śarīrameva hanti; tasyaiva vināśaśīlatvāt, tathā na hanyate ātmā anena iti pūraṇīyam | hantṛtvābhimānavatā kṛte'pi śastraprahāre ātmasvarūpaṃ na vinaśyati; nityatvāt avināśasvabhāvattvāt ca | tasmāttau na samyak ātmasvarūpābhijñāviti bhāvaḥ | idaṃ mantradvayaṃ paramātmaratayā kaiścidvyākhyātam | janmamaraṇādivikārābhāvasya hantṛtvahatatvādyabhāvasya paramātmanyapi sūpapādatvāt idamanādaraṇīyam | na hanyate hanyamāne śarīre (ka.u.2-18) iti hanyamānaprākṛtaśarīrasambandhitvanirdeśasya ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ iti ajñatvābhidhānasya ca, jīve eva saṅgatatvena paramātmaparatve asambhavadrūpatayā ca jīvaparatvasyaiva ucitatvāt | lokasiddhahantṛhatabhāvabhrānteḥ nirāsāya asya mantradvayasya pravṛtteḥ tasyāśca bhrānteḥ paramātmani kasyacidapi abhāvāt | tasmāt jīvasvarūpaparataiva avaseyeti bhāvaḥ |
2.19.p37
su. - na hanyate ayamātmā hanyamāne śarīre | satyapyevam, yo dviṣyan piṇḍamātre mātsaryādinā chetsyan saṃkalpayati - ahamenaṃ hanmi iti, yaśca anyaḥ tena chinnāvayavo manyate hato'smi anena iti, tāvubhau - na ātmānaṃ yāthātathyena jānītaḥ, dehātmābhimānena hi, tathā pratipattiḥ ityāha - hantā cet iti | hantā hataḥ iti pāmaradṛṣṭyā nirdeśaḥ | hantuṃ manyate cet - hantuṃ saṃkalpayati cet ityarthaḥ | hantum iti ukārānto nipāto vā | hantāram ityarthaḥ | nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate - ātmasvarūpasya avināśitvāditi yāvat |
2.19.p38
nainaṃ chindanti śastrāṇi nainaṃ dahati pāvakaḥ |
Linked texts (1)
- Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit