Kaṭha Upaniṣad 1
Ṭīkā 1
- Language
- Sanskrit
Contents
1.6.1
śrīmadvaivasvatācāryo yadāha naciketase | kalaye tatpadaṃ brahma svāvaśeṣadhiyānvaham || iha khalu kṛṣṇayajurvedāntargatakaṭhaśākhāyāṃ darśapūrṇamāsādyagnicayanāntaṃ karmavartma vispaṣṭamabhihitam | sarvakarmāśrayabhūtahiraṇyagarbhopāsanāni cābhihitāni | tatra sakāmasya " kiṃcidvikalaṃ karma phalopadhāyakaṃ na bhavati " iti vacanataḥ prātisvikena karma jñānaṃ vā karmasamuccitajñānaṃ vā yathāvadanuṣṭhitaṃ sat punarāvṛttyarhacandralokaprāpakaṃ bhavati | niṣkāmasya tu tadvaiparītyenācirādinā brahmalokāptiścittaśuddhiprāpyasaṃnyāsapūrvakabrahmajijñāsā vodeti | tādṛśajijñāsorātmatattvapratipattaye vallīṣaṭkajuṣṭakāṭhakopaniṣadānnāyate | naciketomṛtyupraśnaprativacanarūpeyamākhyāyikā tu vakṣyamāṇavidyāstutyarthā | vakṣyamāṇabrahmavidyābhivyaktihetukāṭhakopaniṣadaḥ sukhapratipattyarthamalpagranthato vivaraṇamupakramyate | vṛttamanukīrttayati-uśan ityādinā | vājaṃ annam | taddānaprayuktaśravo yaśo yasya so'yaṃ vājaśravāḥ | rūḍhito vā | asyāpatyaṃ vājaśravasaḥ | viśvajidyāgaphalaṃ uśan kāmayamānassan viśvajidyāgāvasāne sarvavedasaṃ svārjitasarvasvaṃ dadau | ha vā iti vṛttārthasmaraṇārthau nipātau | tasya ha kila yajamānasya naciketā nāma satputra āsa babhūvetyarthaḥ |
1.6.2
1 || tataḥ kimityata āha—taṃ iti | svapitrā ṛtviksadasyebhyo vibhāgaśo dakṣiṇārthāsu goṣu nīyamānāsu satīṣu 1svānāttaprajananaśaktiḥ santaṃ prathamavayastvāt kumāraṃ taṃ naciketasaṃ pituḥ śreyaḥpradā śraddhāviveśa ha kila | śraddhāviṣṭo'rbhakaḥ kiṃ karotītyata āha—sa iti | svotpattyavasānamadhye yāvadudakaṃ peyaṃ yāvattṛṇamattavyaṃ tāvanniḥśeṣaṃ yābhiḥ pītaṃ jagdhaṃ ca tāḥ pītodakāḥ jagdhatṛṇāḥ | svasvāmikṛte yāvat kṣīraṃ dogdhavyaṃ tāvat yābhirdugdhaṃ tā dugdhadohāḥ | 2vyāviddhaprajananaśaktitvāt nirindriyāḥ | itthaṃbhūtāḥ tāḥ gāvaḥ ṛtvigbhyo dakṣiṇābuddhyā yo dadat prāyacchat saḥ gopradātā anandā anānandā nāma lokā ye vidyante tān nirānandalokān gacchatīti sa āviṣpraddho naciketā amanyata || 2-3 || satputreṇa mayā pituraniṣṭaphalaṃ mārjayitavyamiti pitaraṃ pratyāha - sa iti | tata ityatra prāthamikatakāradīrghalopaścāndasaḥ | so'yaṃ naciketā he tāteti pitaraṃ saṃbodhya dakṣiṇādhiyā māṃ kasmai ṛtvije dāsyasi ityuvāca | uktārthe pitropekṣito'pi kasmai māṃ dāsyasīti dvitrivāramapyuvāca ha | nāyaṃ kumārasvabhāva iti kruddhaḥ pitaivamāha - tamiti | taṃ hovāca mṛtyave tvā dadāmi iti | vaivasvatāya tvāṃ dāsyāmīti putraṃ pratyuvāca |
1.6.3
4 || pitraivamukto naciketā rahasi paridevanāṃ cakāretyāha- bahūnāṃ iti | piturācāryasya vā anukteṣṭārthakāriṇāṃ bahūnāṃ putrāṇāṃ śiṣyāṇāṃ vā madhye prathamaḥ pradhāna emi bhavāmi | uktārthakāriṇāṃ madhyamānāṃ bahūnāṃ madhye madhyamo vā emi | kadācidapyevaṃ pitā na mayā kopito viśiṣṭaguṇamapi māṃ mṛtyave dadāmi ityuktavān | pitrā pradattena mayā yamasya kartavyaṃ kiṃkhit kiṃ vā bhavati | maddhātaḥ piturvā sa yamaḥ kimiṣṭaṃ kariṣyati ? prakṛte yat kartavyaṃ prayojanaṃ tadanapekṣya kevalaṃ krodhavaśādevamuktavān | 5 || tathāpi tadvacaḥ satyaṃ kartavyamiti manīṣayā kiṃ mayoktamiti śokāviṣṭaṃ pitaraṃ paridevanāpūrvakamāha-anupaśya iti | he tāta pūrve tava pitṛpitāmahādayo'tikrāntāḥ | tathā pare vartamānāḥ sādhavaśca | teṣāṃ vṛttaṃ anupaśya anupālaya | tānvā pratipaśya samyagālokaya | na hi teṣu mṛṣāvacanaṃ kālatraye'pyasti | na ca mṛṣāvādī kaścidapi svārājyamaśnute | yato dehatrayāhaṃbhāvaviśiṣṭo martyaḥ maraṇadharmā bālyayauvanādyavasthāgninā pacyate jīrṇassan mriyate | mṛtvā ca punaḥ sasyamiva ā samantāt jāyate | evaṃ anitye jīvaloke kiṃ mṛṣāvākyataḥ sādhanīyamasti | yamabhavanaṃ prati māṃ preṣayitvā svātmanaḥ satyatāṃ ^1pratipālaya | satputreṇaivamuktaḥ pitā svātmanaḥ
1.6.4
satyatāyai yathā putraḥ punarāgamiṣyati tathopāyamanuvadan preṣayati | he naciketa tvaṃ yadā yamo gṛhānnirgatya dūraṃ gacchati tadā tadbhavanaṃ gatvā trirātramupavāsaṃ kuru | yadi tvannikaṭamāgatya yamaḥ “arbhaka ko'si kimarthaṃ madgṛhametyānaśnana tiṣṭhasi” iti pṛcchati tadā tvayā anaśnatā trirātramuṣitamiti vaktavyam ekaikāṃ rātriṃ kimaśnāsītyukte tvatprajāpaśu ¹sādhukṛtyāmaśnan vaseyamiti vadan tūṣṇīṃ tiṣṭha | tataste śreyo bhaviṣyatītyatra—“sa hovāca | parehi mṛtyorgṛhān mṛtyuve vai tvāddāmiti | taṃ vai pravasantaṃ gantāsīti hovāca | tasya sma tisro rātrīranāśrvān gṛhe vasatāt | sa yadi tvā pṛcchet | kumāra kati rātrīravātsīriti | tisra iti pratibrūtāt | kiṃ prathamāgm̐ rātrimāśnā iti | prajāṃ ta iti | kiṃ dvitīyāmiti | paśūgm̐ sta iti | kiṃ tṛtīyāmiti | sādhukṛtyāṃ ta iti |” iti śruteḥ | itthaṃ śrutyuktopāyapūrvakaṃ preṣayāmāsetyarthaḥ | so'yaṃ pitrānuśiṣṭo naciketāḥ proṣitayamadmani tisro rātrīruvāsa | mṛtyuve tatsambandhināmanubodhanam
1.6.5
avidyābhāginaḥ svarūpaṃ tatphalaṃ ca prakaṭayati—avidyāyāṃ iti | ghanībhūtatamorūpāyamānāvidyāyāṃ antare madhye vartamānāḥ svāntarbāhyavilasitaduṣkāmādidāraputrādipāśairnirucchvāsaṃ badhyamānā api svayaṃ vayaṃ dhīrāḥ dhīmadvarāḥ svātmānaṃ sakalakalāvalubdhatvena paṇḍitaṃmanyamānāḥ santaḥ kutsitāmanekarūpāṃ gatiṃ dandramyamāṇāḥ kauṭilye pathi nityaṃ ramamāṇā bhūtvā viṣame pathi yathā jātyandhena nīyamānajātyandhā iva mūḍhāḥ ^1svājñā ghaṭīyantravat janmamaraṇādiduḥkhaiḥ pariyanti paribhavaṃ gacchanti | icchādveṣaprayuktadvandvamohena dharāvivaranimagnakīṭavat hīyante ityatra— iti śruteḥ | na hyastīti mānī so'yaṃ bālaḥ punaḥ punaḥ ghaṭīyantravat jananamaraṇe pratipadya madvaśaṃ ciraṃ madadhīnatāṃ āpadyate janmādiduḥkhasāgare gāḍhaṃ nimagno bhavati | rākṣasyādiyonimeva bhajata ityarthaḥ | āsurīṃ yonimāpannā mūḍhā janmani janmani | māmaprāpyaiva kaunteya tato yāntyadhamāṃ gatim || ityādismṛteḥ | prāyaśo'yaṃ loka evaṃvidhaḥ | sahasreṣu kaścideva tvādṛgvidhaḥ śreyo'rthī bandhamokṣabhramamumukṣurbhavati | ātmavidyāpraśaṃsā naciketasaḥ stavaśca
1.6.6
avidyābhāginaḥ svarūpaṃ tatphalaṃ ca prakaṭayati—avidyāyāṃ iti | ghanībhūtatamorūpāyamānāvidyāyāṃ antare madhye vartamānāḥ svāntarbāhyavilasitaduṣkāmādidāraputrādipāśairnirucchvāsaṃ badhyamānā api svayaṃ vayaṃ dhīrāḥ dhīmadvarāḥ svātmānaṃ sakalakalāvalubhatavena paṇḍitaṃmanyamānāḥ santaḥ kutsitāmanekarūpāṃ gatiṃ dandramyamāṇāḥ kauṭilye pathi nityaṃ ramamāṇā bhūtvā viṣame pathi yathā jātyandhena nīyamānajātyandhā iva mūḍhāḥ ^1svājñā ghaṭīyantravat janmamaraṇādiduḥkhaiḥ pariyanti paribhavaṃ gacchanti | icchādveṣaprayuktadvandvamohena dharāvivaranimagnakīṭavat hīyante ityatra— icchādveṣasamutthena dvandvamohena jantavaḥ | dharāvivaramagnānāṃ kīṭānāṃ samatāṃ gatāḥ || iti śruteḥ | ananyeti | "anyo'sāvanyo'hamasmi" ityanyabhāvo'nātmā | tadapahnavasiddha ātmā svamātramiti ananyabhāvārūḍhenācāryeṇa prokte prakaṭitātmani atra asahlaukikāyaṣṭadṛṣṭidṛṣṭacintāgatiḥ na hyasti ātmamātrāvagaterasallaukikāyaṣṭadṛṣṭicintāgalyapahnavapūrvakatvāt | yadvā agatiḥ nāsti svānyajñeyasyālabdhātmakatvāt | athavā ananyaprokte atrāgatiḥ aparijñānaṃ nāsti | bhavatyācāryasyevāvagatiḥ | itarathā'yamātmā aṇupramāṇādapi aṇīyān | atarkyaṃ kevalasvabuddhikṛtatarkeṇātarkyoṃ hi | tarkeṇa tarkyamāṇe tu yata ātmā viśeṣavanna dṛśyate ato'ṇuparimāṇa ātmeti kenacit ^1sthāpitaśca ito'pyanyo'ṇutaro'ṇutaṃma iti cāmyūhati |
1.6.7
iti, “gatāgataṃ kāmakāmā labhante” iti ca śrutismṛtyanurodhena karmaphalarūpa śevadhiranityaṃ ityahaṃ jānāmi yato niṣpratiyogikadhruvabrahmamātragocarajñānaṃ vina na hyadhruvāyamāṇakriyākārakedvakarmādisādhanaśatairyenniṣpratiyogikadhruvaṃ vikaḷebarakaivalyaṃ prāpyate | yastvanityakarmaphalākhyasvargādiśevadhiḥ sa eva adhruvaiḥ dravyaiḥ prāpyate hi | he naciketaḥ ! na hyanityasādhanaiḥ nityaṃ prāpyata iti jānatā mayāpi anityaiḥ samidājyādidravyaiḥ paścādibhiśca svargasādhanabhūto'gniścito nirvartita ityarthaḥ | tenāhamāpekṣikanityaṃ svargatulyayāmyapadaṃ prāptavānasmi | 11 || yaṃ tvamātmānaṃ jñātumicchasi taṃ te'bhidhāsyāmītyāha—taṃ iti | sadādyāvṛttintrayāvṛttadṛṣṭīnāṃ yaddarśanaṃ duḥkhenārpā na jāyate so'yaṃ durdarśaḥ atisūkṣmatvāt | tathāvidhānāṃ pratyagādyajñānapūrvakaṃ gūḍhamanupraviṣṭaḥ | yadrūpagūhanarūpā buddhirguhā tasyāṃ pratyagrūpeṇāhitatvāt sthitatvāt guhāhitaḥ tatraivosourcepalamyamānatvāt | bhūtatatkāryabhautikānāṃ mitho vaiṣamyataḥ svāvidyāpadatatkāryajātaṃ gahvaraṃ tasmin gahvare uccāvacopādhirūpe jīvarūpeṇa tiṣṭhatīti gahvareṣṭhaḥ | yata evaṃ gūḍhamanupraviṣṭo gahvareṣṭhaśca ata eva durdarśaḥ | purātanatvāt purāṇaḥ | durdarśamityādyuktaviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭaṃ tametaṃ ātmānam |
1.6.8
iti śrutyanurodhena svājñadṛṣṭyātmano'vidyāpadasya svajñadṛṣṭyā tadāropāpavādādhikaraṇamadhi bhinnam | tatrādhiṣṭheyamanātmā | tadadhiṣṭhānamātmā khalvadhyātmrā | tadyogastvadhiṣṭhānātiriktamdhiṣṭheyam | ātmatvasatyatvavyāvahārikatvaprātibhāsikatvādirūpeṇāsti nāstīti vibhramāpahnavasiddhabrahmamātrabodho hi adhyātmayogaḥ | tadadhigamena niṣpratiyogikasvamātratayā dīvyate dīṣyata iti devam | dhīro brahmavidvariṣṭho matvā tatsamakālaṃ svātiriktāvidyāpadasyāvastutvena svājñasvajñadṛṣṭyā tatsattvāsattvābhyāṃ prasaktaharṣaśokau jahātīva jahāti | vastutaḥ kartuṃ tyaktuṃ vā kimasti ? ityatra— kiṃ karomi kva gacchāmi kiṃ gṛhṇāmi tyajāmi kim | yanmayā pūritaṃ viśvaṃ mahākalpāmbunā yathā || iti śruteḥ |
1.7
evamakaraṇe kaḥ pratyavāya ityata āhuḥ—āśā iti | yasya alpamedhasaḥ puruṣasya gṛhe brahma vedaḥ taṃ jānātīti brāhmaṇaḥ gāyatrītantumātrapradhāno vā vasati tasya gṛhamedhinaḥ ananubhūtārthaprārthanā āśā ca anubhūtārthaprārthanā pratīkṣā ca te āśāpratīkṣe karmaphalaṃ saṅgataṃ sūnṛtāṃ sūnṛtavāgjanyasukṛtaṃ yāgajamiṣṭaṃ ca ārāmādikriyāphalaṃ pūrtaṃ ca iṣṭāpūrte putrān paśūṃśca sarvān etat sarvaṃ brāhmaṇopavāsāgniḥ vṛṅkte ākramate nirmūlayatītyetat yata evamataḥ sarvāvasthāsvapyatithirjātvapi nopekṣaṇīya ityarthaḥ |
1.8
evaṃ trirātrānaśananaciketovṛttaṃ proṣyāgatāya yamāya tadāmātyā vijñāpya śānti kurvityāhurityāha—vaiśvānara iti | ²he vaivasvata svātirekeṇa kiṃcidastīti viśvasanīyaṃ viśvaṃ tadāropādhikaraṇatvena tadasaṅgatvena ca tatra yo ramate sa viśvanaraḥ | viśvanara eva vaiśvānaraḥ virāṭ | rūḍhito'gnirvā | sa eṣa brāhmaṇo bhūtvā tvadgṛhān
tvatparigrahānasmāṃśca pradahanniva sākṣādvaiśvānara eva praviśati | tasya atitheḥ santaḥ pādyārghyāsanādilakṣaṇāṃ etāṃ śāntiṃ kurvanti yathā tathā naciketase tvamapi pādyādyarthaṃ udakādiṃ hara āharasvetyarthaḥ |
naciketase varatrayapradānapratijñā
na hi kadācidapi tarkasya pratiṣṭhā kācit vidyate | tadviparītaśrutyācāryaproktāgamapratipādyā matiḥ na hi tarkeṇa hātuṃ śakyā ityāha--naiṣā iti | brahmānanyācāryaproktā eṣā sarvāpahnavasiddhabrahmamātragocarā matiḥ na hi tarkeṇa apaneyā na prāpaṇīyā na ^2hātavyeti vā nigamāntānabhijñastārkiko nāma svabuddhyā yatkiṃcideva parikalpayati | tatkalpanā hi āgamaprabhavā matiḥ na hi calati | he preṣṭha ! matprītivittanikṣepakośa ! matpriyatama ! tārkikāgamyanigamāntagocarā matirniratiśayasukhaṃ svamātramiti yajjānāti tat sujñānaṃ tasmai bhavati | sujñānasya brahmamātragocaratvāt | tarkāgamyā matiḥ kā ? iti ceducyate | he naciketaḥ ! tṛtīyavarapradānanimittena tvaṃ yāṃ brahmamātramatiṃ āpaḥ prāptavān asi | ata eva satyā vitathaputrādyapsaro'ntaviṣayatiraskaraṇapūrvakamavitathabrahmamātramatiḥ | tatraiva dhṛtiryasya tava sa tvaṃ satyadhṛtiḥ batāsi iti naciketasamanukampayannāha-na iti | naḥ asmākaṃ ^3tvādṛk tvattulyaḥ anyaḥ putraḥ śiṣyo vā praṣṭā pṛcchako bhūyāt bhavatu |
1.9
itthaṃ svāmātyairvijñāpito mṛtyuḥ pūjāpurassaraṃ naciketasamupasaṅgamyaivamuvāca—tisra iti | he brahman naciketastvamasmadādibhirnamaskārārho namasyo'tithiḥ anaśnan yasmāt me mama gṛhe tisro rātrīravātsīḥ uṣitavānasi | te tubhyaṃ namo'stu | bhavantamuddiśya matkṛtapraṇipātāmṛtavāridhirmadgṛhe bhavadanaśanasañjātadoṣāgniśamanaṃ ¹karotu | praṇipātamātranīrācchāmyati kopāśuśukṣaṇirmahatām | iti ²mudgalācāryavacanataḥ | yasmāt ³evaṃ bhavati tasmāt bhavannamaskārāt me mama svasti śobhanaṃ astu | yadyapi bhavadanugrahamātreṇa mama svasti syāt tathāpi
8no'dhikastvastyarthe niraśanenoṣitaikaikāṃ rātriṃ prati bhavadabhipretaviṣayān trīna varān vṛṇīṣva mattaḥ prārthayasvetyarthaḥ |
punarapi tuṣṭo mṛtyurnaciketastuṣṭaye svavṛttaṃ kīrtayati-jānāmi iti |
1.10
varatrayaṃ dadāmīti yamenānugṛhīto naciketāstatra prathamavaraṃ vṛṇoti-śāntasaṅkalpa iti | he mṛtyo gautamo matpitā matputro yamaṃ prāpyārbhakaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati sa punarāyāti na vetyādinānāvidhasaṃkalpo ³yasya śāntaḥ so'yaṃ śāntasaṃkalpaḥ | sumanāḥ mābhi māṃ prati vītamanyuryathā syāt | kiṃ ca tvatprasṛṣṭaṃ tvayā matpitṛbhavanaṃ prati preṣitaṃ purā "tata kasmai māṃ dāsyasi" iti yena bhāṣitaṃ so'yaṃ matputraḥ samāgata iti pratīto labdhasmṛtiḥ san yathāpūrvaṃ mā māṃ abhivadet | tathākaraṇaṃ dīyamānavaratrayāṇāṃ idameva prathamaṃ varaṃ vṛṇe | yat pituḥ paritoṣaṇaṃ tat prārthaya ityarthaḥ |
evaṃ naciketāprārthitādyavaraditsurmṛtyuruvāca--yathā purastāt iti | uddālaka eva auddālakiḥ | aruṇasyāpatyaṃ āruṇiḥ dvayāmuṣyāyago vā | tvatpitā yathā purastān snehasamanvito bhavitā tathaiva matputro'yaṃ samāgata iti labdhapratītiḥ san matprasṛṣṭo mayānujñātaḥ sannapyuttarā rātrīḥ sukhaṃ vigatamanyuḥ prasannamanāḥ śayitā | mṛtyumukhāt pramuktaṃ tvā putraṃ dadṛśivān dṛṣṭavān syādityarthaḥ |
tvaṃ tu—kāmasyāptiṃ iti | yasmin pade sarve kāmāḥ parisamāptāstāṃ kāmasyāptim | ādhyātmāditāpatrayāśrayajagataḥ pratiṣṭhāṃ tadāropādhikaraṇatvena sarvātmakatvāt | kratoḥ phalabhūtahiraṇyagarbhapadasya svārvāktanendrādilokagatānanyāpekṣayānantatvāt ānantyam | tathā tattallokagatābhayasya ca pāraṃ parāṃ niṣṭhām | stomaṃ stutyam | aṇimādyanekaguṇato mahat taccāpekṣikaniratiśayatvena mahadbhiḥ stūyamānatvāt | urugāyaṃ vipulagatiṃ dhiyaḥ pratiṣṭhāṃ sarvalokadṛṣṭyottamamapi dṛṣṭvā dhṛtyā dhairyeṇa he naciketaḥ ! tvaṃ dhīraḥ san sarvametat saṃsārabhogajātaṃ atyasrākṣīḥ atisṛṣṭavān asi | aho nu uttamaguṇo'sītyarthaḥ |
1.12
svargātyupāyāgnividyāṃ yatastvaṃ jānāsi atastanme prayacchetyāha — sa tvaṃ iti | sarvavittvena yaḥ prathitaḥ sa tvam | he mṛtyo niṣkāmabuddhyā svāśramācārasaṃpannaiḥ yo gantavyaḥ so'yaṃ brahmalokaḥ svargaḥ | 1tatprāpakaṃ jñānaṃ svargyam | agniṃ agnividyāparijñānam | tadvidyāṃ adhyeṣi yathāvajjānāsītyarthaḥ | yataḥ 2svargo loko yeṣāṃ te svargalokāḥ parameśvarārpaṇadhiyā satkarmānuṣṭhātāro brahmalokasaṃbandhi amṛtatvaṃ bhajante ataḥ śraddadhānāya mahyaṃ agnividyāṃ brūhi | tat etat agnivijñānaṃ dvitīyena vareṇa tvāṃ vṛṇe prārthaya ityarthaḥ |
mayoktārthaśravaṇataḥ kṛtakṛtyo bhavasīti tvāmahaṃ manye ityāha—etat iti | yat etat mayoktamātmatattvaṃ yastvaṃ śrutvā samyagātmabhāvena parigṛhya upādāya yaḥ kaścana vā martyo maraṇadharmā taddṛṣṭyā ātmānātmāyamānadharmādharmayormadhye svātmamātrāvaśeṣaṇadharmārdanapetaṃ dharmyaṃ adharmarūpaśarīrādeḥ pravṛdya pṛthakkṛtya adharmāpahnavasiddhaṃ aṇuṃ niṣpratiyogikasūkṣmaṃ svamātratayā modanīyaṃ āpyāparokṣatayā labdhvā sa tvamanyo vā modate | tadetadevaṃvidhaṃ naciketasaṃ tvāṃ prati muktaprāpaṇīyasadma vikaḷebarakaivalyaveśma vivṛtaṃ apāvṛtakavāṭaṃ manye brahmamātrāvasthānavidehakaivalyabhājanaṃ tvāṃ manya ityabhiprāyaḥ |
1.13
naciketaḥpṛṣṭadvitīyavaraditsurmṛtyuraha—pra ta iti | he naciketāḥ brahmalokākhyamānasvargasādhanaṃ svargyaṃ agnivijñānaṃ yataḥ prajānan vijñātavānahaṃ atastvayā prārthitaṃ te tubhyaṃ prabravīmi | tadu tajjñānagarbhitaṃ me mama vacaḥ ekamanāḥ san nibodha | śiṣyabuddhyabhimukhīkaraṇāya nibodhetivacanam | adhunā vakṣyamāṇamagniṃ stauti—anantalokāptiṃ iti | ābrahmakalpaṃ yasyānto na vidyate so'yaṃ anantalokaḥ | tadāptiṃ brahmalokāptisādhanam | atho api virāḍādisvarūpeṇa jagataḥ pratiṣṭhāṃ jagadāropādhikaraṇaṃ sarvaprāṇikadambaguhāyāṃ svāvidyāpadatatkāryajātagūhanarūpāyāṃ buddhau sarvāntaryāmirūpeṇa sarvapratyagrūpeṇa vā nihitaṃ mayocyamānamagni viddhi | agnividyāṃ naciketase mṛtyuruvāceti śrutirāha--lokādiṃ iti | mṛtyuḥ tasmai naciketase 3kāmyakāmisrvargabrahmalokacittaśuddhiprāpakacayanakarmaṇi svarūpato yā iṣṭakāḥ cetavyāḥ | saṃkhyayā yāvatīrvā | yathā yena prakāreṇa agniścīyate tatprapañcanapuraḥsaraṃ brahmavivartatvena
1.14
svoktāgnividyāgrahaṇavadanato mṛtyustuṣṭaḥ san varatrayātiriktavarāntaramapi dadāvityāha—sa cāpi iti | sa cāpi naciketā mṛtyunoktāmagnividyāmanyūnādhikākṣarārthatayā mṛtyunikaṭe yathāvat pratyavadat | tatpratyuccāraṇena tuṣṭimetya varatrayātiriktavarāntaraditsayā punareva mṛtyurāha—taṃ iti | brahmabhāvāpanna ātmā antaḥkaraṇaṃ yasya sa mahātmā mṛtyurvaratrayātiriktavarāntaraṃ bhūyaḥ te dadānīti taṃ naciketasamabravīt | tat kiṃ ? ityata āha— tava iti | naciketasaḥ tava nāmnaiva nāciketo'gniriti mayocyamānaḥ agnirbhavitā | "¹nāciketamagniṃ cinvānaḥ" iti śruteḥ | kiñca anekarūpāṃ navaratnamayīṃ sṛṅkāṃ mālāṃ gṛhāṇa | yadvā karmāntaravijñānasyānekaphalahetutvāt sṛṅkāṃ akutsitāmanekkarmagatiṃ gṛhāṇa |
yadyahaṃ kaivalyārho yadi tvamapi prasannaścāsi tadā me sarvāpahnavasiddhaṃ yat paśyasi tadeva brūhīti naciketā āha—anyatra iti | "aharahaḥ sandhyāmupāsīta ” ityādikriyākārakajuṣṭaśāstrīyadharmatadanuṣṭhānatatphalāt anatathāvihitākaraṇapratiṣiddhakaraṇarūpādharmāt anyatra tathākṛtākṛtāyamānakāryakaraṇāt anyatra tathā bhūtāt atikrāntakālāt bhavyācca bhaviṣyatkālāt cakārāt vartamānakālācca anyatra yat īdṛśaṃ vastu sarvāpahnavasiddhasvamātramiti paśyasi tadeva mahyaṃ kṛpayā vada iti praśnārthaḥ |
tasyaivopadèśaḥ
1.15
svaprasādalabdhanāciketacayanaṃ tatphalaṃ ca stauti—triṇāciketastribhiḥ iti | yena niṣkāmadhiyā triḥkṛtvo nāciketo'gniścitaḥ sa triṇāciketaḥ yajamānaḥ | "yaṃ yaṃ kratumadhīte tena tenāsyeṣṭaṃ bhavati," "mātṛmān pitṛmānācāryavān" ityādiśrutyanurodhenāgnividyādhyayanatajjñānatadanuṣṭhānaiḥ sanmārganetṛmātṛpitrācāryaiḥ śrutismṛtiśiṣṭaiḥ pratyakṣānumānāgamairvā tribhiḥ tribhiḥ sandhi vidheyatāṃ etya | ijyādhyayanadānānāṃ kartā trikarmakṛt dehatrayātiriktajñānato dehaprasaktajanmamṛtyū tarati | kiñca svavivṛttaprapañcāpavādādhikaraṇatvena sarvatra bṛhaṃṇāt brahma pratyagabhinnamityarthaḥ | svājñadṛṣṭyā tajja iva bhātīti tajjaḥ | sa cāsau jñaśceti brahmajajñaḥ sarvajñaḥ parameśvarastam | svāropitaprapañcadyotanāt devam | brahmādibhirapi īḍyam | ayamahamasmīti viditvā aparokṣato nicāyya anubhūya imāṃ aihikaprapañcoparatasiddhāṃ śāntiṃ sālokyādimuktimatiśayena niṣkāmabuddhyā jñānakarmasamuccayānuṣṭhānena eti | catuṣpadaikyasamaye mukto'pi bhavatītyarthaḥ |
evaṃpṛṣṭavate tatprativacanaṃ mṛtyuruvāca sarve vedā iti | ṛgādicaturvedapravibhaktāśītyadhikaśatottarasahasraśākhāmastakāyamānasarvavedāntāḥ yat brahmamātrapadaṃ “ anyadeva tadviditādatho aviditādadhi ”, “ manmātramamadanyat ” “ brahmamātramasanna hi ”,
siddhānto'dhyātmaśāstrāṇāṃ sarvāpahnava eva hi | nāvidyāstīha no māyā śāntaṃ brahmedamaklamam ||
ityādivākyaiḥ āmananti pratipādayanti | yatprāptyarthāni sarvāṇi kṛcchracāndraāyaṇāditapāṃsi yadvadanti | yadarthānītyetat yan brahmāpti icchanto gurukulavāsapurassaraṃ brahmacaryaṃ anyadvā caranti tatpadaṃ jñātumicchate tubhyaṃ tadetat brahmayāthātmyaṃ saṅgraheṇa bravīmi | kiṃ tat ? ityata āha omityetam iti | ṣoḍaśāvayavabrahmapraṇavapravibhaktavyaṣṭisamaṣṭyātmakajāgrajjāgradāditadvyaṣṭīśaviśvaviśvāditatsamīśavirāḍvirāḍāditadubhayeśotrotrādicatuṣpañcadaśakalanāpahnavasiddhaturyaturyacaitanyaṃ etadeva omiti īritam | taddhi brahmayāthātmyaṃ mattastvayā bubhutsitamityarthaḥ | “ oṅkārāgravidyotaṃ turyaturyam ” iti śruteḥ |
1.16
yata evamato'nekeṣāṃ brahmāptyālambanānāṃ etadevāālambanaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ brahmāptau niraṅkuśopāyatvāt | etadālambanaṃ paraṃ aparaṃ ca parāparaviṣayatvāt | etadālambanasyeti jñātvā tajjñānānurodhenāparaṃ paraṃ tadvibhāgakalanāpahnavasiddhaniṣpratiyogikabrahmamātraṃ vā yatra lokyate sa brahmalokaḥ | tasmin aparasmin parasmin brahmamātre vā mahīyate | īśvaraḥ sākṣī brahmamātraṃ vā bhavatītyatra- "taṃ yathā yathopāsate tathaiva bhavati" iti śruteḥ | "anyatra dharmāt" ityādipṛṣṭasyārthasya brahmaṇaḥ svamātratvena tadāptyupāyālambanatvena tadupāyapratīkatvena ca oṅkāro nirdiṣṭaḥ |
1.17
naciketāḥ prathamavaraṃ labdhvā dvitīyavaralipsayā praṣṭavyavaraphalaṃ stuvan mṛtyutastadvaraṃ vṛṇoti- svarga iti | agnividyāphalabhūtasvarge loke na
kiñcanāpi rogādinimittaṃ bhayamasti | na tatra tvaṃ mṛtyuḥ saṃcarasi | tvatprasaraṇābhāvādiha loka iva jarayā yuktaḥ kaścidapi tvatto na bibheti | kiṃ ca sadā śokapradāṃśanāyāpipāse ubhe api tīrtvā bāhyāntarbhavaśokamatītya gacchatīti śokātigo vidvān divi svargaloke brahmaloke vā modate hṛṣyata ityarthaḥ |
lokyanta iti lokā anantakoṭibrahmāṇḍāni | tatkalpanādhikaraṇaṃ teṣāmādiḥ | "kāraṇa vinā kāryaṃ nodeti" iti śruteḥ | lokādiṃ agniṃ īśvaraṃ hiraṇyagarbhaṃ vā tadīyavijñānaṃ ca uvāca upadideśetyarthaḥ |
agnivijñānacayanaphalamupasaṃharati—triṇāciketastrayaṃ iti | triṇāciketaḥ yajamānaḥ | “yā iṣṭakā yāvatīrvā yathā vā” ityetattrayaṃ viditvā ya evaṃ vidvān nāciketaṃ agniṃ cinute so'dharmājñānarāgadveṣādilakṣaṇamṛtyupāśān śarīrapātāt purataḥ praṇodya svāntarbāhyaprapañcavāsanāsañjāta¹śokātigo bhūtvā vipulasukhāyamānasvargo yatra lokyate so'yamupāsakabhāvānurodhabrahmādilokastasmin tadbhāvāpattyā modate |
he naciketaḥ ! tvaṃ yaṃ agniṃ dvitīyena ²api vareṇa avṛṇīthāḥ te tubhyameṣa svargyo'gnivaro mayā dattaḥ | kiñca janāsaḥ janāḥ tavaiva nāmnā etamagniṃ pravakṣyanti nāciketacayanaśabdata ityarthaḥ | varatrayaṃ dāsyāmīti pratijñāya dvitīyavaraṃ dattvā te tṛtīyavaradāne yato ṛṇī syāmato ³hi tvaṃ tṛtīyaṃ varaṃ vṛṇīṣva ityāha—tṛtīyaṃ varaṃ naciketo vṛṇīṣva iti | etāvatā granthena varadvayasūcitavastuviṣayatvena vidhipratiṣedhārtho varṇitaḥ | na hyātmayāthātmyajñānaṃ svādhyastavidhipratiṣedhalakṣaṇakriyākārakaphalādhyāropāpavādabhramaviraḷaniṣpratiyogikabrahmamātra - siddhānto vaktavya ityuttaro grantha ārabhyate | tṛtīyavaramantareṇa dvitīyavaraprāpyāpi naciketāḥ svātmānamakṛtārthaṃ matvā yataḥ svātmanaḥ kṛtārthatāyai tṛtīyaṃ varaṃ vṛṇīte ataḥ pūrvakāṇḍagocaravidhipratiṣedhasādhyasādhanakalanā ropāpavādabhramaviraktasya niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātrajñānādhikāro netarasyeti dyotyate-- tṛtīyaṃ varaṃ naciketo vṛṇīṣva iti |
evaṃ turyaturyagocaraparāśabdaśabditapraṇava eva svājñasvajñadṛṣṭimāśritya pratīkavenālambanatvena ca vibhātītyāha-etat iti | abhidhānābhidheyorekatvābhiprāyeṇa etaddhyevākṣaraṃ aparaṃ virāḍḍhiraṇmagarbheśvarātmakaṃ brahma praṇavasthūlādināgatrayāropādhikaraṇatvāt svājñānāṃ pratīkatvenopāsyamityarthaḥ | svajñadṛṣṭeḥ etaddhyevākṣaraṃ paraṃ brahma bhavati | etasya praṇavārdhamātrāsaṅgatayā tadbhāgatrayāpavādādhikaraṇatvāt svajñālambanaṃ tadevetyarthaḥ | tayoḥ parāparapraṇavayormadhye pratīkālambanābhyāṃ etaddhyevākṣaraṃ paramaparaṃ vā jñātvā tadasmīti viditvā yo yadicchati tasya svājñasya svajñasya vā pratīkatvena aparaṃ ālambanatvena paraṃ brahma ca tadeva bhavati | svasvadṛṣṭyanurodhena yatprāptavyaṃ tadeva saṃbhavatītyarthaḥ |
1.18
evaṃvidhamātmatattvamasalaukikadṛṣṭimavalambya svayaṃ hantā saṃhartā cet yadi tadā haniṣyāmyenamiti parān hantuṃ manyate | yaḥ pareṇa hataścet so'pi hataṃ ātmānaṃ manyate | hato'hamiti tāvubhāvapi svayāthātmyaṃ na vijānītaḥ svātmano'vikriyatvāt | nāyaṃ hanti tathā vyomavanniravayavatvāt | na hanyate dharmādharmādilakṣaṇahantṛhananādisaṃsāraḥ svājñagocaraḥ | na hi svajñasyetyatra— kartṛbhoktṛtvādidharmaḥ svājñānaparikalpitaḥ | svājñavanna spṛśet svajñaṃ taddṛṣṭyā tadasaṃbhavāt || iti smṛtimarnim |
1.19
mṛtyunā ājñataḥ san tṛtīyaṃ varaṃ vṛṇīte—yeyaṃ iti | manuṣye prete mṛtiṃ gate sati dehatrayātirekeṇa tatsambandhavirala ātmā astītyeke mīmāṃsakādayaḥ | nāyaṃ evaṃvidhaḥ astīti caike asallaukikādayaḥ | yeyaṃ vicikitsā jātā na hi seyaṃ pratyakṣādipramāṇairnirṇaituṃ śakyā | etadvijñānādhīno hi paramapuruṣārthaḥ | tṛtīyaṃ varaṃ vṛṇīṣveti tvayāhamanuśiṣṭaḥ ājñāpitaḥ | varatrayaṃ dāsyāmīti tvaduktavarāṇāṃ adhyātmaviṣayo varastṛtīyaḥ | tvayā dīyamānatṛtīyavaragocaratvena vidyamānaṃ etat sarvāpahnavasiddhaniṣpratiyogikabrahmamātrasvarūpaṃ yathāhaṃ vidyāṃ jānīyāṃ tathā māmanugṛhṇīṣva | itaḥ paraṃ na kiṃcit tvāmahaṃ vṛṇe ityarthaḥ |
tatra svājñaparamārthadṛśoḥ ṣaḍbhāvavikāraḥ sattvena asattvena bhavatītyatra na vivādaḥ | svajñasyaiva ṣaḍbhāvavikāraḥ pratiṣidhyate—na jāyate iti | vipaścit svajñaḥ svājñadṛṣṭidṛṣṭadehe jāte mṛte'pi na jāyate mriyate vā na mriyate cetyarthaḥ | svadṛṣṭyā janimṛtimaddehādervyāvahārikatvena mithyātvāt | na jāyate mriyate vā ityādyantavikriyāpratiṣedhena sarvā vikriyāḥ pratiṣidhyante | tathāpi madhyamavikriyāpratiṣedhaḥ kartavya ityāha—nāyaṃ iti | vipaścit ātmāyaṃ kutaścit kāraṇāntarāt na babhūva | svasmādapyarthāntarabhūtaḥ kaścinna babhūva | ayaṃ ātmā yataḥ ajo nityaḥ ataḥ śāśvataḥ apakṣayavarjitatvāt | purāṇaḥ niravayavatvāt vṛddhiviraḷa ityarthaḥ | ato'yamātmā śarīre hanyamāne vipariṇamyamāne'pi na hanyate na hi vipariṇamyate | na mriyate vetyatra nāśavikriyāyā uktatvena hanteḥ pariṇāmārtho yujyata ityarthaḥ |
1.20
kimayamarbhako niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātrajñānādhikārī na vā ? ityetatparīkṣaṇārthaṃ eṣa varo māstu etadviṣaye devairapi vicikitsitatvāt anyaṃ varaṃ vṛṇīṣvetyāha— devairatrāpi vicikitsitaṃ purā iti | svayaṃ bhātavedaiḥ devairapi atra asminnarthe purā vicikitsitamiti śrutam | tairapyasādhyamityarthaḥ | prākṛtairjanairgurutaḥ śrutamapi na hi suvijñeyam | yata ātmākhyo dharmaḥ aṇuḥ sūkṣmatamaḥ | he naciketaḥ ! anyaṃ asandigdhaphalaṃ vṛṇīṣva | adhamarṇamivottamarṇo mā moparotsīḥ māṃ nirbaddhaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | māṃ prati enaṃ varamatisṛja vimuñca |
mṛtyunaivamukto naciketā āha-devairatrāpi iti | bhavata eva devairatrāpi vicikitsitaṃ kila iti śrutaṃ yasmāt na suvijñeyaṃ ityātmatattvaṃ āttha | "avijñātaṃ vijānatāṃ vijñātamavijānatāṃ" iti śruteḥ | asya ātmadharmasya paṇḍitaireva vaktavyatvena tvādṛk tvattulyaḥ paṇḍitaḥ anyo vaktā na labhyaḥ | anviṣyamāṇo'pi etasya varasya na hi tulyaḥ kaścit varo'sti | tasya niḥśreyasaprāptihetutvāt | etadatiriktabāhyaviṣayakasarvavarasya niḥśreyasapratikūlabhavahetutvādityāśayaḥ |
anyathā prākṛtajanairdurvijñeya ityāha--āsīna iti | vyaṣṭisamaṣṭyātmakajāgratsvapnayorviśvataijasavirāṭsūtrarūpeṇa viśeṣasāmānyamānabāhyāntarvṛttiṣu tadāropādhikaraṇatvena āsīno'vasthito'yamātmā viśeṣasāmānyavṛttyārūḍhatayā dūraṃ vrajatīva | bhāsamāno'yamātmā vyaṣṭyādisvāpaturyāvasthayoḥ prājñabījaturyarūpeṇa "na kiñcanāvaidiṣam", "brahma satyaṃ jaganmithyā" iti ca karaṇaikadeśavijñānoparamaḥ śayanaṃ viśeṣasāmānyavijñānoparamaṇaṃ tatra tadapavādādhi-
1.21
kathamātmānaṃ jñātvā svajño bhavati ? ityata āha—aṇoḥ iti | śyāmākataṇḍulādyaṇoraṇīyān | "eṣa ma ātmāntarhṛdaye'ṇīyān vrīhervā" ityādiśruteḥ | mahāparimāṇapṛthivyādeḥ mahato'pi mahīyān "pṛthivyā jyāyān" ityādiśruteḥ | loke tāvat aṇu mahadvā yadvastvasti tat sadātmanā sat bhavati | tadatiriktamasat saṃpadyate | svātmano nāmarūpakarmopādhittvena tadāropādhikaraṇatvādaṇīyastvaṃ mahattvaṃ copapadyata ityarthaḥ | so'yaṃ ātmāsya brahmādistambāntaprāṇikadambasya jantoḥ hṛdayābhidhānaguhāyāṃ tattatyakāmādivṛttisahasrabhāvābhāvaprakāśakapratyagbhāvena nihitaḥ sthita ityarthaḥ | dṛṣṭādṛṣṭaviṣayoparatadhīḥ akratuḥ akāmo muniḥ | manaādikaraṇāni dhātavaḥ | teṣāṃ svavyāvṛttivairaḷyaṃ dhātuprasādaḥ tasmāt | taṃ pratyañcamātmānaṃ "na karmaṇā vardhate no kanīyān" iti śrutitaḥ karmanimittavṛddhikṣayaviraḷaṃ ātmano mahimānaṃ ayamahamasmīti paśyati | tatsamakālaṃ svajñaḥ san kṛtakṛtyo bhavatītyarthaḥ |
karaṇatvena śayāno'yamātmā sarvato yātīva | vastutaḥ svātiriktakaraṇagrāmapravṛttinivṛttiprasaktadūrasannihitaparicchinnāparicchinnadeśādivairaḷayānniṣpratiyogikabrahmamātratayāvaśiṣyata ityarthaḥ | svājñavṛttivibhātaviśvasya madakṛnmāyākāryatvāttadāropādhikaraṇasyāpi madatvam | madakṛdavidyāprapañcāpavādādhikaraṇasya tadapavādadoṣāspṛṣṭatvenāmadatvam | svājñasvajñadṛgvibhātaṃ viśvāropāpavādādhikaraṇatvena madāmadaḥ taṃ madāmadam | tadgataheyāṃśādhiṣṭheyādhiṣṭhānagatāpahnavasiddhaniṣpratiyogika¹brahmamātrarūpeṇa dīvyate dīpyata iti devaḥ taṃ devam | svāvaśeṣadhiyā ahaṃ veda yathā tathā ko vā madanyo brahmamātrajñānaṃ vinā jñātumarhati ? ata evātmā prākṛtabuddhibhirdurvijñeyo bhavatītyarthaḥ |
ātmajñānapraśaṃsā
1.22
madīyamānasadṛśān anyānapi yadi manyase tānapi dāsyāmītyāha - etat iti | prabhūtāṣṭāpadānarghanavaratnanāyamānaṃ vittam | saptadvīpavatī bhūḥ mahābhūmiḥ | kāmānāṃ mānuṣalokādidevalokāntagatānāmityarthaḥ | mama satyasaṃkalpatvāt | tvāṃ kāmabhājaṃ karomi ityatra vicikitsāṃ mā kuru |
prākṛtadhiyāmapi sarvabhūtātmaikatvajñānataḥ śokātyayamāha—aśarīraṃ iti | devapitṛmanuṣyādiśarīreṣu nāmarūpopādhiṣvanekeṣu anavasthiteṣvapi ghaṭopādhyasaṅgavyomaikatvanityatvavadayamātmā aśarīraḥ śarīratrayāpavādādhikaraṇatvenāvasthitaḥ | śarīratrayasya vyāvahārikyādidṛṣṭyā mithyātvenāvasthitatve'pi tadāropāpavādādhikaraṇasyātmano'śarīratvenāvasthitatvāt | avikṛtatvena aśarīraṃ netyamityarthaḥ | aparicchinnasvarūpatvāt mahāntam āpekṣikamahattvaṃ vārayati— vibhuṃ iti| vyāpinamityarthaḥ | “nityaṃ vibhuṃ sarvagatam” iti śruteḥ | aśarīraṃ tyādiviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭaṃ ātmānaṃ śarīrādisāpekṣāśarīratvādigataheyāṃśāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma svamātramiti matvā tanmananasamakālameva dhīro vidvān svātiriktāvidyā-
padatatkāryajātaṃ satyatvavyāvahārikatvaprātibhāsikatvādirūpeṇa asti nāstīti na śocati śocanīyaviṣayavairaḷyāt |
tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śoka ekatvamanupaśyataḥ |
iti śruteḥ |
1.23
kiñca-ye ye kāmā iti |
jñājñātmarūpeṇātmanaḥ samatvāt jñavadajño'pi brahma āpnuyādityata āha- nāvirata iti | svāśramaviparītācaraṇaduścaritāt yo nāvirataḥ yastu karaṇagrāmalaulyādapi aśāntaḥ vikṣepadravyabāhuḷyāt asamāhitacittaḥ samāhitacitto'pi tatphalā-
1.24
yadvedanataḥ śokātyayo darśitastadadhigamopāyaḥ kaḥ ? ityata āha- nāyaṃ iti | ṛgādicaturvedapaṭhanapāṭhanāyamānapravacanena | ayamātmā na labhyaḥ nāpi granthārthadhāraṇāpaṭuśaktirūpamedhayā | nāpi bahubhyo bahudhā śrutaśravaṇena | tathā cet kenopāyena labhyate ? ityata āha- yaṃ iti | eṣa sādhako mumukṣuḥ yaṃ paramātmānaṃ sarvāpahnavasiddhaniṣpratiyogikasvamātratayā vṛṇute jānāti tenaiva jñātrā svāvaśeṣatayā ayamātmā labhyaḥ | svāvaśeṣadhiyā jānataḥ svātmā labhyata ityuktam | kathaṃ labhyate ? ityata āha- tasya iti | tasya brahmavidvariṣṭhasya eṣa paramātmā svāṃ tanūṃ niṣpratiyogikasvamātramiti svakīyayāthātmyaṃ [vi] vṛṇute prakāśayatītyarthaḥ |
śāntamānasaḥ evaṃ jñānapratibandhakaduścaritādivṛttimānābhāsamātravedāntaśra janitaprajñānena enaṃ prakṛtamātmānaṃ nāpnuyāt so'yaṃ ābhāsajñānītyavagamyata tadviparyayapāramārthikajñānī tu duścaritāt virataḥ karaṇagrāmalaulyāt samā samādhānaphalādapyupaśāntamānaso yathoktasādhanasaṃpanno mumukṣuḥ śrutyācāryaprasa janitaprajñānenainaṃ prakṛtamātmānaṃ niṣpratiyogikasvamātradhiyā prāpnoti videhamu bhavatītyarthaḥ |
brahmaṇa ātmābhedaḥ
1.25
naciketasai Talmud [no, it's transcript typo-fix: naciketasai]vamukto'pi mṛtyuḥ punaḥ punastaṃ pralobhayannuvāca - śatāyuṣa ityādinā | śataṃ varṣāṇyāyūṃṣi yeṣāṃ tān śatāyuṣaḥ | bhūmermahadāyatanaṃ sārvabhaumatvam | alpāyuṣa etatsarvaṃ labdhamapi vyarthamityata āha - svayaṃ iti | nīrogadṛḍhagātratayā yāvatkālaṃ jīvituṃ icchasi tāvat prāṇān dhārayetyarthaḥ |
24 || matprasādamantarā yā rāmāḥ striyaḥ na hi lambhanīyāḥ | ābhiḥ matprattābhiḥ mayā dattābhiḥ strībhiḥ pādaprakṣāḷanādinātmānaṃ paricārayasva | he naciketaḥ ! maraṇaṃ “yeyaṃ prete” ityādiraṇasambandhipraśnaṃ kambalaromakākadanteyattāparijñānarūpaṃ kadāpi mānuprākṣīḥ maivaṃ māṃ praṣṭumarhasi |
tadviparyaye ābhāsajñānī tu yathāvadenaṃ na vedetyāha-- yasya iti sarvadharmavidhārakatvena sarvatrāṇanaśaktī brahmakṣatre | tadupalakṣitavyaṣṭisamaṣṭyātmaka svāvidyāpadatatkāryajāte ubhe api yasya ātmanaḥ odanaḥ aśanaṃ bhavataḥ ātmanaḥ svāvidyāpadatatkāryagrāsatvāt | ya evamanṛtajaḍaduḥkhātmakāvidyāpada tatkāryajātaṃ grasati so'yaṃ mṛtyuḥ vyaṣṭisamaṣṭisākṣi niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātras upasecanaṃ bhavati | etādṛśaḥ so'yamātmā yatra ka ābhāsajñānī ka? kathame pāramārthikajñānīva jñātvā ābhāsajñānī tatpadaṃ bhajati ? tasmāt pāramārthikajñānyeva sarvāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma svamātramiti viditvā tadvedanasamakālameva tadyāthātmyataya avaśiṣyata ityarthaḥ |
1.29.1
evaṃ mṛtyupralobhitārbhakasya nistaraṅgasāgaravadakṣubdhacittatvādayaṃ naciketāstṛtīyavarātiriktavarajātapratiṣedhaṃ karoti—śvobhāvā iti | bhavadupanyastabhogānāṃ śvo bhaviṣyati naveti sandihyamānatvāt śvobhāvāḥ naśvarā ityarthaḥ | kiñca—apsaraḥprabhṛtibhogānāṃ saddharmaprajñāvīryatejobalakīrttikṣapayitṛtvāt he ajñānajātāntaka ! martyasya śvobhāvāyamānāpsaroviṣayabhogāḥ yat sarvadehendriyādigataṃ tejassattvaṃ vidyate tadetat jarayanti pratidinamapakṣayaṃ kurvanti | yāṃ cirajīvikāṃ ditsasi tatra “caturyugasahasrāṇi brahmaṇo divā bhavati” ityārabhya “vatsaraśataṃ brahmamānena brahmaṇaḥ paramāyuḥ pramāṇam” iti śrutyanurodhena brahmajīvitasyāpi kālaparicchinnatvāt | kimuta asmadādidīrghajīvikā | ataḥ tavaiva vāhananṛttagītādayastiṣṭhantu | kiñca-na vittena iti | na hi vittena manuṣyaḥ kadācidapi tarpaṇīyaḥ | yadyasmākaṃ vittatṛṣṇā 1syāttadā vayaṃ vittaṃ lapsyāmahe| matprārthanīyabrahmajñānavittaṃ tvā tvāṃ vayaṃ adrākṣma dṛṣṭavantaḥ | yāvat yāmye pade tvaṃ īśiṣyasi īśiṣyase prabhurbhavasi tāvadeva hi vayaṃ jīviṣyāmaḥ tajjīvitasyāpyalpatvāt | bhavatsaṅkateratidurlabhatvāttat kathaṃ labdhvā martyo'lpadhanāyurbhavitumarhati ? svātmayāthātmyagocaro yo varaḥ sa eva varo hi varaṇīyaḥ svātiriktasarvakāmaprāsaparamapuruṣārthaprāpakatvāt | kiñca-ajīryatāṃ iti | yataḥ ajīryamāṇaśarīrendriyaprāṇānāṃ ata eva amṛtānāṃ sakāśaṃ upetya tadiyattāṃ prajānan tatsakāśāt ātmanaḥ śreyo hi prāptavyaṃ jarāmaraṇavaiśiṣṭyāt | svayaṃ tu jīryan martyaḥ | kuḥ pṛthivī |
1.29.2
tasyā antarikṣādyapekṣayā adhaḥpratiṣṭhitatvena tasyāṃ tiṣṭhatīti kvadhaḥsthaḥ san “śatāyuṣaḥ” ityādi “maraṇaṃ mānuprākṣīḥ” ityantakāmānāṃ avivekibhiḥ prārthanīyatvāt tat kathaṃ tvatkaṭākṣārho vṛṇīte ? pāṭhāntare ka tadāstha ityatra ahammamābhimānaviṣayasvadehatatsambandhidāraputrapaśvādiṣvāsthā tallampaṭatayā vartanaṃ yasya sa tadāsthaḥ | tadapahnavasiddhapuruṣārthasya tṛtīyavarādhīnatvena tatpadaṃ prāpipayiṣoḥ mama tadāsthā kva vā| seddhuṃ pārayatīti kva tadāstho bhaveyam| na hyātmayāthātmyajñapadasevī tatpadaṃ spraṣṭumarhati | nāhaṃ bhavatprasādāt putravittādigocaralobhataḥ pralobhanīya ityāha-abhidhyāyan iti | tvadupanyastaputrādyapsarobhogāntagocaravarṇaratipramodānāmadṛṣṭadṛṣṭanaṣṭasvabhāvarūpatvena tadīyavarṇaratipramodān śaśaviṣāṇavat abhidhyāyan jānan atidīrghe kalpaparyantajīvite ko vā evaṃvit rameta | ato matkṛte asadviṣayakapralobhanaṃ mā kuru | he mṛtyo ! mahatprayojananimitte yasmin mahati sāṃparāye asti nāstīti vādikoṭivipratipanne'rthe tadvikalpāpahnavasiddhaniṣpratiyogikabrahmamātragocaravijñānaṃ yat jānāsi tadeva naḥ asmākaṃ brūhi niraṅkuśaṃ mayi dayayā kathayasvetyarthaḥ | uktārthaṃ śrutiranuvadati—yo'yaṃ iti | kiṃ bahunoktena? yo'yaṃ gūḍhaṃ durvivecanaṃ anupraviṣṭaḥ prakṛtasarvāpahnavasiddhabrahmamātrasvarūpaprāpako varo'vaśiṣyate tasmāt tadvarāt anyaṃ ajñajanasevyaṃ manasāpi naciketāḥ na vṛṇīte na kāṅkṣata ityarthaḥ || 26—29 ||
1.29.3
atha khalu “vaiṣṇavīmātmaniṣṭhāṃ nānūcānāya nāvītarāgāyopadiśet”, “asmā imāmupasannāya samyak parīkṣya dadyādvaiṣṇavīmātmaniṣṭhām” ityādiśrutyanurodhenāyaṃ naciketāḥ putrādyapsaro'ntaviṣayakakāmanayā pralobhito'pi paramārthadṛṣṭiṃ vinā yato na vicacāla ato'yamekāntena niḥśreyasādhikārītyavagamya naciketasaḥ sarvāpahnavasiddhabrahmamātrāvagataye tadupāyatatvena śreyaḥpreyoyāthātmyamāha— anyat ityādinā | jñānayogo hi śreyān niḥśreyasahetutvāt | śreyo niḥśreyasam | preyaso'pekṣayā tadanyat | karmayogo hi preyān prītiviṣayakarmaphalaprāpakatvāt | svakṛtoccāvacakarmaiva preyaḥ | utāpi śreyaso'pekṣayā preyo'nyadeva | te ubhe śreyaḥpreyasī sālokyādikaivalyāntasvargādicittaśuddhayantaprāpakatvena nānārthe adhikāricittavibhramānurodhena bhinnaprayojane bhavataḥ | te hyadhikṛtatvena varṇāśramādiviśiṣṭaṃ puruṣaṃ sinītaḥ nirucchvāsaṃ badhnīta ityatra— ityādiśrutismṛtī mānam | sarvo hi lokaḥ śreyaḥpreyobhyāmātmanaḥ kartavyatayā prayujyate | tayoḥ ekena puruṣeṇa yugapadanuṣṭhātumaśakyatvena anyataraṃ ādadānasya svātiriktāvidyāpadatatkāryagocaraṃ preyorūpamapahnavīkṛtya niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātrāvasthānarūpaṃ śreya eva sādhu śivaṃ bhavati | ya u yastu adūradarśī mūḍhaḥ preyaso'bhilāṣāt śreyo hitvā preya eva vṛṇīte so'yaṃ śreyasaḥ arthāddhīyate | jātvapi na hi tatpadamāpnotītyarthaḥ |
1.29.4
1 || puruṣeṇobhe api kartuṃ svāyatte kimarthamayaṃ lokaḥ śreyo hitvā preya eva vṛṇīte ? ityāśaṅkya tayormandānāṃ sādhanataḥ phalato durvivecanīyatvādubhayasya ubhe api puruṣameta ityāha—śreyaśca iti | yathoktalakṣaṇaṃ śreyaśca preyaśca te sādhanataḥ phalato vyāmiśrabhūte iva varṇāśramādivyavasthārūḍhaṃ manuṣyaṃ ā itaḥ etaḥ | vivekī dhīraḥ tau śreyaḥpreyaḥpadārthau haṃso'mbumiśrakṣīramiva saṃparītya samyagālocya grāhyāgrāhyatvena vivinakti pṛthakkaroti | pṛthaktvaṃ tu bhāvābhāvarūpeṇa | tayoḥ śreyaḥpreyasormadhye preyastatkāryāpahnavasiddheḥ śreyo hi śreya eva abhivṛṇīte preyasaḥ śaśaviṣāṇavadavastutvāt | tadviparītasya sadasadvivekākuśalatvena yastu mandamatiḥ yogakṣemāt dehadāraputrapaśvādipuṣṭinimittaṃ preya eva vṛṇīte kāṅkṣata ityarthaḥ | 2 ||
Linked texts (1)
- Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit