Kaṭha Upaniṣad 3
Ṭīkā 3
- Language
- Sanskrit
3.1
parākpratyagbhāvārūḍhayoḥ phalabhedaṃ darśayati—parāca iti|
3.2
" gūḍhātmā na prakāśate ", " dṛśyate tvagryayā buddhyā " iti tṛtīyavallyāmabhihitam | agryabuddhyabhāvāt khalvātmā na prakāśate | tatpratibandhake jñāte
tadunmūlanaṃ kartuṃ śakyam| tadutsāraṇapūrvakaṃ niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātrāvagataye caturthavallī prārabhyate—parāñci iti| svājñadṛṣṭivikalpitamūlāvidyābījāṃśayogataḥ svayameva bhavatīti svayaṃbhūḥ| svayaṃ svatantro bhūtvā parāgañcantīti parāñci khāni tadupalakṣita¹śrotrādīndriyāṇi parāgrūpaśabdādiviṣayagahanagocarasvabhāvāni bhavantviti vyatṛṇat pratyagbhāvaparāṅmukhatayā hiṃsitavān| yasmādevaṃ tasmāt indriyairindriyārthopalabdhā jīvaḥ parāṅ pratyagbhāvāvaraṇaśabdādīneva paśyati| nāntarātman antarātmānaṃ pratyañcaṃ kadāpi na paśyatītyarthaḥ| prāyaśa evaṃsvabhāvā lokāḥ| tatra kaściddhīro nadyāḥ pratisroto'bhimukhapravartanamiva parāgrūpendriyendriyārthaprātilomyenāñcanāt pratyak cāsāvātmā ceti pratyagātmā| ātmaśabdasya pratīcyeva lokarūḍhiḥ| vyutpattipakṣe'pi tatraivātmaśabdo dṛśyate—
iti smṛtāvātmaśabdavyutpattismaraṇāt| svabhāvatastaṃ pratyagātmānaṃ aikṣat apaśyat paśyatītyarthaḥ| kathaṃ punaḥ pratyagātmānamaikṣat ghaṭadraṣṭā ghaṭamiva ? acākṣuṣatvāt pratīca iti, tatrocyate—na hi ghaṭaṃ prati ghaṭadraṣṭeva pratyagātmānaṃ paśyati| rūpādivividhaviṣayavyāvṛttaṃ pratyagbhāvamavalambya parāgbhāvato nivṛttaṃ cakṣurādikaraṇapaṭalamasyeti āvṛttacakṣuḥ uparatakaraṇagrāmo bhūtvā tadbhāvābhāvaprakāśakatvena tadapavādādhāraḥ pratyagasmīti pratyagātmadarśanaṃ yujyata ityarthaḥ| na ca svabhāvasiddhaparākpravṛttiṃ vinā tadvyāvṛttipurassaraṃ pratyakpravartanaṃ katham ? iti vācyam| parākpravṛtteḥ svānarthakaratvena svātmabhūtapratyagīkṣaṇasya paramapuruṣārthahetutvāt| svātmanaḥ amṛtatvaṃ amaraṇadharmatvaṃ icchan parāgbhāvaṃ vyudasya pratyagdṛśā pratyagātmā jñātuṃ śakya ityarthaḥ|
iti śrutyanugodhena pratyagbhāvāvaraṇaparāgrāvāyamānaśabdādiviṣayapañcakagrahaṇavyagramānasā bālāḥ avivekinaḥ parācaḥ parāgbhūtān svāntarbāhyavijṛmbhitakāmān kāmyaviṣayān anuyanti | tena kāmabhajanena te bālāḥ svāvidyāpadatatkāryarūpeṇa vitatasya mṛtyoḥ pāśyate badhyata iti pāśaṃ śarīrasaṃyogaviyogalakṣaṇajanimṛtyādyanekānarthavrātaṃ yanti prayāntītyarthaḥ | yata evamatastasmāt dhīrāḥ mumukṣavaḥ svasvadṛṣṭyanurodhena kabalitaparāgbhāvapratyagrūpāvasthānaṃ pratyagabhinnabrahmasvarūpāvasthānaṃ brahmamātrāvasthānaṃ vā amṛtatvaṃ, tadeva niṣpratiyogikadhruvamiti viditvā devalokādibrahmalokāntagatāmṛtatvasyāpekṣakatvenādhruvatvāt , adhruvendriyādisthāneṣu svātiriktasarvapadārtheṣvapi "idaṃ me syāt " iti jātvapi na prārthayante | putrāyeṣaṇātrayebhyo vyutthāya yat paramārthaṃ tadeva bhajantītyarthaḥ |
3.3
tadetadvastunaḥ sūkṣmaviṣayatvena durvijñeyatvāt pūrvoktārthameva punaḥ punarāha—svapnāntaṃ iti | svāpnikajagajjīvādeḥ svapnamadhyasthatvena jñeyatvāt svapnajñeyaṃ svapnāntaṃ ucyate | tathā jāgaritajñeyatvena jāgaritāntaṃ ca | tau ubhau svapnajāgaritajñeyapadārthau yena pratīcā lokaḥ anupaśyati iti pūrvavat | sarvaṃ tametaṃ pratyagbhedena mahāntaṃ vibhumātmānaṃ tadgataviśeṣāṃśāpahnavasiddhaṃ svamātramiti vijñāya matvā dhīro vidvān na śocati śocanīyaviṣayābhāvāt |
3.4
yadvijñānamātrato na kiñcit prārthayante tadadhigamaḥ kathaṃ bhavati ? ityata āha-yena rūpaṃ iti | yena parāgbhāvavilakṣaṇapratīcā jīvaloko'yaṃ cakṣurādikaraṇagrāmadvārā rūpaṃ rasaṃ gandhaṃ śabdān sparśām̐śca maithunān tattadindriyārthajanyasukhapratyayān etenaiva pratyagātmanā vijānāti | na ca dehādivilakṣaṇapratīcā | na hīndriyendriyārthasukhaṃ vijānātīti lokaprasiddhirasti | dehādisaṃghāto'hamindriyendriyārthajanyasukhādipratyayān vijānāmīti tu sarvalokaprasiddhiriti vācyam | nayuktatvāt saṃghātasya svātiriktaśabdādivairalyāena vijñeyatvāviśeṣāt | yadi saṃghāto rūpāpagedirapi svayameva bhūtvā rūpādīn vijānīyāt tadā bāhyarūpādapageyo'pyanyonyaṃ vijānīyustyukterayuktatvāt, yenodakaṃ dahati so'gniritivat | tasmāddehatrayātiriktapratyagātmanā sarvaṃ vijānāti lokaḥ | na hyātmano'vijñeyaṃ kiñcidasti, pratīcaḥ sarvajñatvāt | parāgbhāvasāpekṣapratyagbhāvagataheyāṃśāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahmamātramavaśiṣyate | "anyatra dharmāt" ityādinā yat naciketasā pṛṣṭaṃ "omityetat" ityādinā viṣṇupadatvena śabdādyapahnavasiddhaniṣpratiyogikabrahmamātratayā yadabhihitaṃ tadeva etat svāntarbāhyakalanāvabhāsakapratyaktattvaṃ svagataparāksāpekṣaprabhavasaviśepāyamānaheyāṃśāpahnavataḥ svamātramavaśiṣyata ityadhigatamiti veditavyam |
jīvabrahmābhedajñānena kṛtārthatā
3.5
yat jīveśāyāthātmyaprabodhato vidvān nirbhayaṃ bhajati tadviśadayati—ya iti | yaḥ kaścinmumukṣuḥ imaṃ karmaphalāyamānamadhvadaṃ prāṇadhāraṇaśaktimattvena ātmānaṃ jīvaṃ tadgataparāgbhāvavilayāspadatvena pratyagātmānaṃ veda tattastadantikāt antike bhūtabhavyasya bhūtādikālatrayasyāpi īśānaṃ tadupalakṣitasarvasyeśitāraṃ niraṅkuśasarvajñeśvaraṃ tadgatasarvajñatvādyapavādāspadatvena paramātmānaṃ veda parāksāpekṣapratya-
raikyagatasaviśeṣāpahnavasiddhaṃ pratyakparavibhāgāaikyāsahabrahmamātramavaśiṣyata iti yadi veda tadā tataḥ tadvijñānottarakṣaṇaṃ na vijugupsate na hyātmānaṃ gopāyitumicchati, svasyaiva niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātratvāt | etat ityādi pūrvavat |
hiraṇyagarbhasya brahmābhedaḥ
3.6
madhvadajīvasya bhūtādikālatrayeśiturīśvarasyāpi tadviśeṣāṃśatyāgato jīveśayāthātmyaṃ brahmamātramiti pratipādya hiraṇyagarbhayāthātmyajñānasiddhamapyetadityāha— yaḥ pūrva iti | yaḥ kaścinmumukṣuḥ tapasaḥ satyādilakṣaṇādbrahmaṇaḥ sakāśāt adbhyaḥ apsahitapañcabhūtebhyaḥ pūrvaṃ yo jāyate samajane tamevaṃ jātaṃ brahmādistambāntaprāṇijātamutpādya taddhṛdayaguhāsthākāśaṃ sūtrarūpeṇa praviśya bhūtebhiḥ kāryakāraṇāyamānabhūtabhautikaiḥ sahādyāpi tiṣṭhantaṃ hiraṇyagarbhaṃ svasmin svakāryabhūtabhautikajāte'pi tadgatanāmarūpatūlāntaḥkaraṇavṛttitmātrāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma niṣpratiyogikasvamātramiti vyapaśyata yaḥ paśyati etadvai tat ityuktārtham |
tadvidyāyā brahmayāthātmyam
3.7
hiraṇyagarbhayāthātmyamuktvā tadvidyāgatayāthātmyaṃ viśinaṣṭi—yā prāṇena iti | yā svātiriktāvidyāpadatatkāryajātādanāt aditiḥ, dedīpyamānarūpeyamiti devatāmayī, brahmaṇaḥ sakāśāt prāṇena hiraṇyagarbheṇa saha saṃbhavati mūlāvidyāturīyāṃśāāyamānā samaṣṭividyā prādurabhūdityarthaḥ | seyaṃ vyaṣṭyātmanā sarvaprāṇiguhāṃ
praviśya tiṣṭhantī satī tūlāvidyāturīyāṃśarūpeṇa vyaṣṭibhūtaibhiḥ bhūtaiḥ sākaṃ vyajāyata sthūlādibhāgatrayagrāsasvāvidyādvayārdhamātrāṃśagataheyāṃśāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma niṣpratiyogikasvamātramiti yo veda etadvai tat iti pūrvavat |
3.8
agnināmakavairājayāthātmyaṃ prakaṭayati—araṇyoḥ iti | yathā loke garbhiṇībhiḥ agarhitānnabhojanādinā garbhaḥ subhṛtaḥ tathā adhiyajñagatottarādharāraṇyorjātavedā agniḥ sarvahavirbhoktā vaiśvānaraḥ, “ ayamagnirvaiśvānaraḥ ” iti śruteḥ, ṛtvigbhiḥ yogimiśca subhṛtaḥ, kiñca adhvare hṛdaye ca jāgṛvadbhirmanuṣyebhiḥ jāgaraṇaśīlāpramattacittamanuṣyairā jyādihaviṣmadbhiḥ dhyānabhāvanāvadbhiśca dive dive ahanyahani karmibhiryogibhiśca īḍyaḥ stutyaḥ vandyo bhūtvāyamagnirvaiśvānaro vijayate | tadgataheyāṃśāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahmamātram | etadvai tat iti pūrvavat |
3.9
sūryādyupalakṣitaviśvāropāpavādādhikaraṇayāthātmyaṃ prakāśayati—yata iti | “ yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante, yena jātāni jīvanti, yatprayantyabhisaṃviśanti, tadvijijñāsasva tadbrahmeti ” iti śrutyanurodhena yataśca sarvakāraṇāttaṭastheśvarāt ¹sūryopalakṣitajagata udeti āvirbhavati, yatrādhikaraṇe sthitiṃ astaṃ ca gacchati ; taṃ taṭastheśvaraṃ prāṇaṃ vā adhidaivabhāvamāpannā agnayādayo devāḥ adhyātmabhāvamāpannā vāgādayaśca sarve arā iva rathanābhau arpitāḥ
sthitikāle saṃpraveśitāḥ | tatsarvādhikaraṇaṃ taṭastheśvarākhyaṃ brahma kaścana kaścidapi tadu tattu nātyeti nātikrāmati | kāryanirūpitakāraṇagataheyāṃśāpāye niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātram | etadvai tat uktārthametat |
3.10
svājñasvajñadṛṣṭibhyāmasallaukikāyaṣṭadṛṣṭisattvāsattve'pi niṣpratiyogikaṃ brahma svamātramavaśiṣyate | tadanyathāpaśyataḥ pratyavāyaphalaṃ prakaṭayati—yadeveha iti | paramārthadṛṣṭyā sarvāpahnavasiddhabrahmamātratayā sthitaṃ tadeva svājñadṛṣṭyā svātiriktaviśvavadavabhāsate | yadeva iha kāryakāraṇopādhiviśiṣṭaṃ jagattvenābhimataṃ tadevāmutra svajñadṛṣṭyā svājñadṛṣṭivibhātaviśvāpavādādhikaraṇaṃ brahma vibhāti | yadamutra evaṃ bhātaṃ svājñadṛṣṭyā tadeva iha nāmarūpādiviśiṣṭaviśvavadanubhāvyam | vastutaḥ sarvāpahnavasiddhaniṣpratiyogikabrahmamātrameva sadā vijayata ityarthaḥ | evaṃ paramasiddhānte sthite'pi prāyaśo lokasvabhāvavaiṣamyabhedaviśiṣṭāvidyayā mohitaḥ san iha niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātre nānākalanāpahnavasiddhe tasmādanyo'haṃ matto'nyattaditi nānā nāneva bhinnabhinnamiva paśyati | so'yamevaṃdarśī mṛtyoḥ maraṇāt mṛtyuṃ maraṇaṃ punaḥpunarjanimṛtiparamparāṃ āpnoti | tasmāt tathā kadāpi na paśyet | sarvāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma svamātramityeva sadā paśyedityarthaḥ | nātmabhāvena nānedaṃ na svenāpi kathañcana | na pṛthaṅnāpṛthak kiñciditi tattvavido viduḥ || iti gauḍapādācāryokteḥ | tadviparyaye— yo'nyathā santamātmānamanyathā pratipadyate | kiṃ tena na kṛtaṃ pāpaṃ coreṇātmāpahāriṇā || iti śruterityarthaḥ |
3.11
yanmanastrijagatsṛṣṭisthitivyasanakarmakṛt | tanmano vilayaṃ yāti tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam ||
iti śrutyanurodhena svājñasvajñagocaramanasā jagat brahma vā āptavyam | brahmātirekeṇa mano nāstīti pakṣe brahmamātraṃ niṣpratiyogikatayāvaśiṣyate | tatra nānādarśī mṛtyupadaṃ yātītyāha—manasaivedaṃ iti | svājñadṛṣṭivikalpitamanasaiva tadvikalpitasvāvidyāpadatatkāryajātaṃ āptavyam | yadvā—svajñadṛṣṭyā śrutyācāryasaṃskṛtamanasaiva viśvāropāpavādādhikaraṇaṃ brahmāhamasmītyāptavyam | manomātrāpahnave tadvikalpitanānānāmarūpavadvidākadambaṃ iha brahmamātre kadācidapi śaśaviṣāṇavannāstyeva, brahmamātrāvagaternānāprapañcāpahnavapūrvakatvāt ityatra—
idaṃ prapañcaṃ nāstyeva notpannaṃ no sthitaṃ jagat | cittaṃ prapañcamityāhurnāsti nāstyeva sarvadā ||
ityādiśruteḥ| sarvāpahnavasiddhe niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātre kiñcana aṇumātramapi nānā prapañcaḥ satyatvena mithyātvena vā asti nāstīti vibhramo'pi na hi astīti siddhāntārthaḥ | yastu svājño nāneva paśyati sa mṛtyoḥ mṛtyuṃ gacchatyeva | yatkiñcitsvātiriktāstitādṛṣṭiḥ sarvatra jananamaraṇādilakṣaṇabhayameva pratipadyata ityatra—“yadā hyevaiṣa etasminnudaramantaraṃ kurute, atha tasya bhayaṃ bhavati” iti śruteḥ |
3.12
kiñca—aṅguṣṭhamātra iti | yo hi mumukṣuḥ svahṛdaye adhūmajyotiriva aṅguṣṭhamātraḥ kevalajyotirmātrasvarūpatvāt , puruṣo bhūtabhavyasya īśāno brahmā ātmāhamasmīti pratyagabhinnabrahmarūpeṇa paśyati so'yaṃ mumukṣudarśanīyapratyagabhinnaparamātmā | so'dya idānīṃ brahmādistambāntaprāṇiṣu vartamānaḥ sa u sa eva śvaḥ paraśvo'pi vartiṣyate | nānyastattulyaḥ samo'dhiko nyūno vāstītyarthaḥ | tadgataheyāṃśāpahvavato brahmamātraṃ yadavaśiṣyate etadvai tat ityuktārthametat | "nāyamastīti caike" ityasalaukikapakṣaḥ svata eva nivṛtto'pi "sa evādya sa u śvaḥ" iti śrutyā śūnyavādaḥ kṣaṇikavādo'pi pratyuktaḥ |
3.13
puroktārthameva vidhāntareṇāha—aṅguṣṭhamātra iti | hṛtpuṇḍarīkasyāṅguṣṭhaparimāṇatvena tadantarvilasitāntaḥkaraṇāvabhāsakaciddhātuḥ kīcakaparvāntarvartyambaravat aṅguṣṭhamātraḥ, anenedaṃ jagat pūrṇamiti puruṣaḥ, madhya ātmani śarīrāntarhṛdayakuhare pratyagbhāvena yaḥ tiṣṭhati taṃ bhūtabhavyasyeśānaṃ tadgataheyāṃśāpāye brahmamātratayā viditvā tataḥ tadvedanāt na vijugupsate ityādi pūrvavat |
3.14
abhedadarśanaphalamāha—yathodakaṃ iti | yathā śuddhe śuddhodake śuddhodakaṃ āsiktaṃ yadi tadā tādṛgeva śuddhodakaṃ bhavati, he gautama ! evaṃ ātmaikatvaṃ vijānato munerātmaiva sarvaṃ bhavati | vyaṣṭisamaṣṭisākṣyasāpekṣasākṣiṇoraikyasya saviśeṣatvena śuddhodake śuddhodakakṣepaṇasthānīyatvāntasvajñadṛggocarasvātiriktadarśanādarśanāyamānaviśeṣāṃśāpāye svātiriktamasti nāstīti kalanāpahvavasiddhaṃ niṣpratiyogikamātmamātramavaśiṣṭaṃ bhavati | evaṃ vidvānapi tanmātratayāvaśiṣyata ityatra— darśanādarśane hitvā svayaṃ kevalarūpataḥ | ya āste kapiśārdūla brahma sa brahmavit svayam || iti śruteḥ | tasmāt mātṛpitrācāryasahasrebhyo'pi hitaiṣiṇā vedāntenopadiṣṭamarthaṃ śrutyācāryaprasādato labdhvāthāsalaukikāyaṣṭadṛṣṭivibhramāsmaraṇapūrvakaṃ sarvāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma svamātramityātmamātrasiddhirādaraṇīyetyarthaḥ | brahmamātrasiddhāntasya ^1vedārthatvena paramādvaitarūpatvāt | kevalaṃ brahmamātratvānnāstyanātmeti niścinu | iti, vedārthaḥ paramādvaitaṃ netaratsurapuṅgava | iti ca śruteḥ smṛteśca |
3.15
punarapi svātiriktadarśanādarśanaphalaṃ tadapahnavasiddhabrahmamātrajñānaphalaṃ cāha— yathodakaṃ iti | yathā durge durgamanapradeśe vṛṣṭamudakaṃ parvateṣu parvatavannimnapradeśeṣu vidhāvati vikīrṇaṃ sat vinaśyatītyarthaḥ, evaṃ pratiśarīramātmabhinnadharmān jīvān svapṛthagbhūtān paśyan ajñaḥ punaḥ tāneva śarīrabhedān vidhāvati śarīraparamparāmaviralamāpnotītyarthaḥ |
Linked texts (1)
- Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit