Yāska's Nirukta 174
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 174
- Language
- Sanskrit
174.1
‘‘apuruṣavidhāḥ syuḥ ityaparam’’ darśanamiti vākyaśeṣaḥ| taduktam ‘‘apāṃ ca jyotiṣaśca miśrībhāvakarmaṇo varṣakarma jāyate, tatropamārthena yuddhavarṇā bhavanti’’-( 2 |
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174.2
)-iti vijñāyate | tadāhuḥ ‘‘naitadasti yahaivāsuram’’-iti ca ‘‘na tvaṃ yuyutse’’-ityapi caitaduktameva |
‘‘api tu yad dṛśyate’’ devānāṃ kiñcit ‘‘apuruṣavidham’’ apuruṣaprakāraṃ tadityarthaḥ | ‘‘tadyathā-agniḥ, vāyuḥ, ādityaḥ, pṛthivī, candramāḥ-iti’’ | pratyakṣata etānyapuruṣaprakārāṇi ityeteṣāmato'nyathābhyupagame dṛṣṭahāniḥ syāt , na caitadiṣṭam | tasmādapuruṣavidhā agnyādayaḥ, tatsāmānyādadṛṣṭā indrādayo'pyapuruṣavidhāḥ, na hi manuṣyatve tulye kecidākāriṇaḥ kecidanākāriṇa iti, tathaiva devatānāmapi hi nyāyaḥ | tasmādapuruṣavidhā iti |
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174.3
‘‘yatho etat cetanāvadvat hi stutayaḥ bhavanti iti, acetanānyapi evaṃ stūyante, yathā-akṣaprabhṛtīni oṣadhiparyantāni’’ | tasmāt cetanāvatstutimattvamahetuḥ pauruṣavidhye devatānām, acetaneṣvapyakṣādiṣu cetanāvatstuterdṛṣṭatvāditi |
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174.4
. . "yatho etatpauruṣavidhikaiḥ aṅgaiḥ saṃstūyante iti" ayamapyahetuḥ, vyabhicaritatvāt , ''acetaneṣu api etat bhavati" tadyathā-"grāvastutiḥ"| "e̱te va̍danti śa̱tava̍tsaha̱srava̍da̱bhikra̍ndanti hari̱tebhi̍rāsabhi̍ḥ | vi̱ṣṭvī grāvā̍ṇaḥ su̱kṛta̍ḥ su̱kṛtya̍yā̱ hotu̍ścitpūrve̍ ha̱viradya̍ māśata || (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 29, 2 )"-iti ||
arbudasyārṣam | jagatī | grāvastutiḥ | 'ete' 'grāvāṇaḥ' abhiṣavakarma kurvvāṇāḥ 'vadanti' katham ? 'śatavat' śatabhiva | 'sahasravat' sahasrabhiva | śabdabāhulyābhiprāyam 'abhikrandanti' āhvayanti somapātṝn-āgacchatāgacchatāsmābhirabhiṣutaṃ somaṃ pātumiti | 'haritebhiḥ' somasaṃsargāt hāridravarṇaiḥ 'āsabhiḥ' āsyaiḥ | tatra yā iyaṃ 'viṣṭvī' vyāptiḥ grāvṇām, etayā 'sukṛtyayā' śobhanayā kriyayā ete 'sukṛtaḥ' śobhanasya karmaṇaḥ karttāraḥ 'hotuḥ cit pūrve' hoturapi agneḥ, mānuṣahoturvā pūrvaṃ prathamatagm, 'haviḥ' etat somākhyam, 'adyam' adanīyam, 'āśata' aśnanti | abhiṣave somasaṃyogamātramaśanamupacaryyate grāvṇām | tasmādapauruṣavidhyamiti | na hi grāvṇāṃ yathābhūtānyāsyāni santi, yatsaṃyogena ca stūyante, tadvadindrādīnāmapyayathābhūtairbāhumuṣṭyādibhiḥ stutiḥ syāt | tasmādaheturaya yat "pauruṣavidhikairaṅgaiḥ saṃstūyante"-iti | tasmādapuruṣavidhāḥ |
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)-ityatra vyākhyātam |
174.5
"yatho etat pauruṣavidhikaiḥ dravyasaṃyogaiḥ iti, etat api tādṛśam eva" aupacārikam, rūpakamātramityarthaḥ, yathaiva hi āsyādikalpanā dṛṣṭavyabhicāritvāt grāvaprabhṛtiṣu na sambhavati rūpakamātraṃ stutyarthe saṅkalpate bāhyādikāryyasiddhiḥ, evaṃ harirathajāyādistutayo rūpakamātramiti | api ca "sukhaṃ rathaṃ yuyuje sindhuraśvinam-iti nadīstutiḥ" na cāsyāṃ stutau yathābhūtārthatvopapattirasti, asambhavāt | kathamasambhavaḥ ? na hyudakātmikāyā nadyā vahantyā rathe'vasthānaṃ sambhavati | "su̱khaṃ ratha̍ṃ yuyuje̱ sindhu̍raśvi̱naṃ tena̍ vā̱jaṃ sa̍niṣaddu̱sminnā̱jau | ma̱hānhya̍sya mahi̱mā pa̍na̱syate'da̍bdhasya svaya̱śaso̍ vi̱rāśina̍ḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 3 7, 4)'-iti ||
sindhukṣitnāma priyamedhasaḥ putraḥ, tasyeyamarṣam | jagatī | nadīstutiḥ || “sukhaṃ”.. sukhahetuṃ lokasya, “rathaṃ” raṃhaṇamudakam “yuyuje” yuktavatī “sindhuḥ” nadī “aśvinam” aśanena vyāpanena tadvantam udakaratham | 'tena' 'vājam' annam 'saniṣat' sambhaktavatī utpāditavatī 'asmin' 'ājau' ājavane saṃgrāme yato yato gacchati, tatastato brīhyādi annam abhiniṣpādayatītyarthaḥ yasmāccāyamudakaratho'nnamabhiniṣpādayati, tasmāt tasya 'mahān' 'mahimā' māhābhāgyaṃ 'panasyate' stūyate stotṛbhiḥ | 'adṛbdhasya' anupahiṃsitasya, 'svayaśasaḥ'svāyattakīrteḥ, 'virapśinaḥ' virapaṇaśīlasya śabdakāriṇa ityarthaḥ| rathabhiva aśvinam-iti kecit ||
tadevamādiṣvasambhavāt mukhyārthakalpanāyāḥ, sarvatra rūpakapravādāḥ stutaya ityupekṣyam |
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174.6
“yatho etat pauruṣavidhikaiḥ karmabhiḥ-iti, etat api tādṛśam eva |hotuścitpūrve haviradyamāśata ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 29, 2 ) iti” aśanaśaktikriyayā grāvāṇaḥ stūyante, na ca punargrāvṇāṃ yathābhūtamaśanamasti | tasmādidamapi rūpakameva || “ete vadanti” ( 7 |
174.7
“api vā ubhayavidhāḥ syuḥ” ubhayahetuprāmāṇyāt |
174.8
“api vā puruṣavidhānāmeva satām” pṛthivyādīnāṃ “karmātmāna ete syuḥ” apuruṣavidhāḥ kṣitijalādayaḥ | pare tu, adhiṣṭhātāraḥ puruṣavigrahāḥ | evamubhayoḥ pratyakṣāgamayorapyanugrahaḥ kṛto bhaviṣyati | “yathā,-yajñaḥ yajamānasya” karmātmā, idametenāṅgaṃ saṃskriyatai, idametenāṅgamamupacīyata iti saṃskṛtamamuṣmin loke paraiti iti ca vijñāyate |
174.9
• "eṣa ca ākhyānasamayaḥ" | bhārate cākhyānasamaya eṣa eva siddhānta ityarthaḥ | pṛthivī, strīrūpeṇa bhārāvatāraṇāya brahmāṇaṃ yayāce | agniśca brāhmaṇarūpeṇa vāsudevārjunauvubhau khāṇḍavaṃ yayāce | puruṣarūpeṇāgnirūpeṇa ca khāṇḍavaṃ dadāha | ityevamādi [nā] || tadetaccaturddhā bhidyate, mantrārthadarśanādeva -- (1) paurugvidhyam, (2) apauruṣavidhyam, (3) karmārthātmobhayavidhyam, (4) nityamaubhayavidhyameveti | sarvai caitadupapadyate, māhābhāgye satyaiśvaryāt, kathamiva devatā na syāt-amūrttā, mūrttā, ekadhā, dvidhā, bahudhā ceti || yathā tu varttamānāmapaśyan mantradṛśaḥ tathā tathā astuvan, sarvathaivādoṣaḥ, phaladarśanāt nānābasthādarśanavadākhyātūṇāṃ paridevanānindādiṣvapi cendrādīnāṃ kāgakārataratadrūpamavasthitānāṃ sā sā stutireva, na nindā | uktaṃ ca,“hīnā na nindā, stutireva sā syāddevān martyaḥ samyagabhiṣṭuyātkaḥ || śaktikṣaye'pyadhyavasyanti śiṣṭāḥ stotuṃ na paśyanti gatiṃ yato'nyām ||"iti |