Yāska's Nirukta 39.20
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 39.20
- Language
- Sanskrit
39.20.1
āha–“sagrāmaḥ kasmāt” ? ucyate-“saṅgamanādvā” saṅgacchante hi paraspareṇa tatra yodhāḥ || “saṃgaraṇād vā” sagṛṇanti saśabdāyante śūrā yatra paraspareṇa | “saṅgatau grāmāviti vā” | grāma iti saṅghāta ityucyate | parasparaṃ jigīṣayā samāgatau tatra bhavataḥ | 3 | 9 | “tatra”ṣaṭcatvāriṃśatke saṃgrāmanāmagaṇe “khala–ityetasya” nāmnaḥ “nigamāḥ” sandigdhāḥ “bhavanti” || itaro'pi dhānyakhala ityucyate, saṃgrāmo'pi ca | tatraivaṃ sati asyāmṛci vakṣyamāṇāyāṃ ‘khale na parṣān’ iti vyapadeśād vibhāgo lakṣyate śasyakhalasaṃgrāmakhalayoḥ- abhibhavāmīdamekameko'smi niṣpahamāṇaḥ sapatnānabhibhavāmi | dvau kiṃ mā trayaḥ kurvati || eka itā saṃkhyā || dvau drutatarā saṃkhyā || trayastīrṇatamā saṃkhyā || catvāraścalitatamā saṃkhyā || aṣṭāvabhroteḥ || nava na vananīyā, nāvāptā vā || daśa daśtā, dṛṣṭārthā vā|| viṃśatidvirdaśataḥ || śataṃ daśadaśataḥ || sahasraṃ sahasvat || ayutaṃ niyutaṃ prayutaṃ tattadabhyastam || arbudo megho bhavati | araṇamambu taddo'mbudaḥ, ambumadbhātīti vā | ambumadbhavatīti vā | sa yathā mahān bahurbhavati varṣestadivārvudam | "khale na parṣān pratihanmi bhūri |” khala iva parṇān pratihanmi bhūri | khala iti saṃgrāmanāma khalatervā skhalatervā | ayamapītaraḥ khala etasmādeva samāskanno bhavati | “kiṃ mā nindanti śatravo'nindrāḥ|" ya indraṃ na vividurindro hyahamasmyanindrā itara iti vā | 1 ||
39.20.2
‘dvau’ apyāgatau eka eva abhibhavāmi || “kim” “u” “trayaḥ” “karanti” trayo'pi yugapadāgatāḥ santaḥ ekākino'pi mama kiṃ kurvanti ? na kiñcidapītyabhiprāyaḥ | kiṃca, “khale na parṣān” gāhyamāne hanyamāne gamyamāne'nne | ekaḥ khalaśabda upamānam, upamāsambandhāt, yathā khale khalasthāne karṣakeṇa parṣān bahūnapi sañcitān pūlān apratiṣendhena kṣudyeran, evamahamapi bhūrinapi śatrunāgatān kṣaṇādeva tairapratibadhyamānaḥ “hanmi” | tamevaṃprabhāvaṃ santaṃ “mā” māṃ “kiṃ nindanti śatravaḥ ?” nāhaṃ nindarāhaḥ, stavyo'hamityabhiprāyaḥ | api ca “anindrāḥ” “ye” mām “indraṃ na viduḥ” yāthorthyataḥ, te kathamavijñāyaiva māṃ nindanti ? naitannyāyyamityabhiprāyaḥ | “anindrā itara iti vā” vā athavā anindrāḥ santaḥ ātmanā, kathamabhindraṃ santaṃ māṃ nindanti ? nanu nāmendratvenaiścāhamatiriktastebhyaḥ | atha kathamitare māṃ nindanti anindrāḥ santo na lajjantītyabhiprāyaḥ || iti samastārthaḥ ||
39.20.3
athaikapada niruktam -“eka itā saṃkhyā” gatā saṃkhyātvaṃ prāptetyarthaḥ | dvyādikaṃ vāpīya gatā || “dvau drutatarā saṃkhyā” ekasyāḥ sakāśāt || “trayastīrṇatamā saṃkhyā” dvayoḥ sakāśāt || prasaktānuprasaktamucyate,–“catvāraścalitatamā saṃkhyā” tribhyaḥ sakāśāt || “aṣṭāvaśnoteḥ” te hi sapta saṃkhyā vyāpya varttante || “nava” iti yā saṃkhyā, sā “na vananīyā” na sambhajanīyā bhavati | navasaṃkhyāyuktāyāṃ hi tithau na kaścidapyārambhaḥ kriyate || “daśa” iti yā saṃkhyā, sā “dagtā” dṛṣṭāntaiva hi saṃkhyā bhavati || “dṛṣṭārthā vā” dṛṣṭārthaiva hi daśānāmupari punaḥ punaḥ dṛśyate saṃkhyā | tadyathā, -ekādaśetyevamādi | tasmād dṛṣṭārthadarśanāda daśetyucyate || “viṃśatirdvidaśataḥ” dviṃ: daśa (dva) viṃśatirityucyate || “śataṃ daśadaśataḥ” daśadaśataḥ samuditāḥ śatamityucyate || “sahasraṃ sahasvat” | saha iti valanāma, tena tadvan, durbalānāpi sahasraṃ samudita balavadeva bhavati saṅghātavalīyastvāt || “ayutaṃ niyutaṃ prayutaṃ tattadabhyastam” sahasra daśakṛtvo'+yastamayutamābhiśrībhūtamayutamityucyataṃ || ayutamapi daśakṛtvo'bhyastaṃ niyutabhityucyate|| niyatamapi daśakṛtvo'bhyastaṃ prayutamityucyate|| athārbudaśabdānirvivakṣayā “arbudo megho bhavati” | ambudaśabdaṃ nirvacan-ambuśabdaṃ nirvakti,– “araṇam” araṇaśīlam-gamanaśīlam “ambu” || “tadaḥ” tasya dātā meghaḥ, saḥ “ambudaḥ” ityucyate “sa yathā” udakabhāvamāpadyamānaḥ “mahān bahurbhavati varṣan tadvivārvudam” tadviva varṣan tadapi varṣādviva yadvahu dravyajātaṃ bhavati, tadarbudamityucyate ||
39.20.4
“khala iti saṃgrāmanāma khalatervā” bhraiśyatyarthasya, bhraśyanti hi tatra yodhāḥ || “skhalatervā” hisārthasya, hiṃsyante hi tatra paraspareṇa || “ayamapītaraḥ khalaḥ” dhānyakhalaḥ “etasmādeva” tatrāpi hi bhraśyanti cūrṇyamānāni dhānyāni || hiṃsyante vā, cūrṇyanta ityarthaḥ| athavā “samāskannaḥ” asau “bhavati” viprakīrṇaiḥ dhānyaiḥ | 3 | 10 | 1 ||
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit