Yāska's Nirukta 44

Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 44

Language: Sanskrit

44.1

chāndasamudāharaṇaṃ bravīti, "priyamedhavat"- iti | eṣā praskaṇvasyārṣam | anuṣṭup | āgneyī | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate || he "jātavedaḥ !" "mahivrata"! mahāvrata ! mahākarman ! mahaddhyasya bhagavato'gnerjātavedasaḥ karma, havirvahaṇādilakṣaṇam, tenaivamāmantryate mahivrata ! iti | "yathaiteṣāmṛṣīṇāṃ" priyamedhādīnāṃ śrutavānasi pūrvamāhvānam, śṛṇoṣi vā, "evaṃ" mamāpi "praskaṇvasya" "śṛṇu" ā-"hvānam" ityāśīḥ || eṣa samastārthaḥ || athaikapadaniruktam | "priyamedhaḥ, priyā asya medhāḥ" yajñāḥ ityarthaṃ | yaṣṭumiti vākyaśeṣaḥ ||
“praskaṇvaḥ, kaṇvasya putraḥ” prapadarśya taddhitārthatvaṃ nirāha, “kaṇvaprabhavaḥ” kaṇvasyāpatyamityarthaḥ | “yathā” pragatamagraṃ “prāgram” ityucyate, gataśabdalopaṃ kṛtvā, evamihāpi kaṇvaprabhavaḥ iti vaktavye bhavaśabdalopaṃ kṛtvā vyatyayena ca praskaṇva ityuktam || “bhṛguḥ, bhṛjyamāno na dehe” prajāpatinā kila śukramātmīyamādāya agnau hutam, tataḥ “arciṣi” jvālāyāṃ “bhṛguḥ” nāma maharṣiḥ “sambabhūva” || vyapagate'rciṣi yaḥ “aṅgāreṣu” sambabhūva saḥ “aṅgirāḥ” nāma abhavat || viprahṛṣṭā ucyante,-“aṅgārā aṅkanāḥ” te hi yatra nidhīyante tadaṅkitaṃ bhavati || tasminnutpanne dvitīye“atraiva tṛtīyamṛcchata”-“ityūcuḥ” ye pūrvotpannāḥ te| “tasmāt” atraiva tṛtīya ityetasmādanuvyāhārāt “atriḥ” abhavat || athavaivamanyathā syāt, - atriḥ pratiṣedhārtho'trākāraḥ | katham ? “na trayaḥ” evātra, kintarhi ? | manyatāmetadagnisyānaṃ caturtho'pyatra bhaviṣyatītyevamanuvyāhārādatrirabhavat || vyuduhyāgniṃ tasminnagnisyāne snāte ya utpannaḥ saḥ “vikhananād vaikhānasaḥ” eva nāmnā abhūt,“babhūva arciḥṣu, aṅgāreṣu, atraiva tṛtīyam | vikhananād vaikhānasaḥ” iti anayaivānupūrvyaitāni nirvacanānyupapādayituṃ śakyante, tasmānmantrapāṭhaviparyayenaitāni niruktāni || “virūpo nānārūpaḥ” iti ṛjveva || vatamiti karmanāma | “mahivrato mahāvrataḥ” “iti” arthaḥ |
3|
17|
“atha luptopamānyarthopamānītyācakṣate” | upamādhikāro varttate | ‘yadatat tatsadṛśamiti’-etadupakrāntam | tatra śabdavatyaścopamā bhavanti, luptopamāśabdāśca | tatra “agninè ye” ityevamādibhiḥ śabdairupamitsitānāmarthānāṃ samānarūpairarthairupamānaṃ kriyata ityetadanukrāntam || atha idānīṃ yeṣu padeṣu lupyante upamāśabdā ivādayaḥ, ta nyavasaraprāptāne vyākhyāsyāmaḥ, tāni punarimāni arthopamānītyevamācakṣate ācāryāḥ| nirūḍhā hi kriyate teṣu saṃjñetyabhiprāyaḥ | tāni ca punarasamnātānyeva nighaṇṭusamāmnāye, neṣu hi vakturabhiprāyagatā eta evāpamāśabdā arthata upamīyante ( liṅgyante ) ityarthopamā ityucyunte|
3 |
18 |

44.2

• tānyetāni bhāṣyasya vistaraviṣayatvādasamāmnātānyapi santi, avasaraprāptāni pradarśyante | tadyathā, - "siṃho vyāghra iti pūjāyām” | yo hi pūjyo bhavati sa ucyate- 'siṃho devadattaḥ' iti | atra na siṃha eva devadattaḥ | kiṃ tarhi ? siṃhaguṇastatra kaścidasti śauryyādiḥ, atastadabhiprāyobhidhānīyaṃ vākyaṃ kṛtvopamāśabdānāmivādīnāmanyatamamanuccāryainnevaṃ bravīti 'siṃho devadattaḥ' iti | yattadanuccāraṇamupamāśabdasya sa eva lopa ityucyate |
18 |

44.3

“śvā kāka iti kutsāyām” | yo hi laulyādidoṣamamanvayena kutsanīyo bhavati, sa evamucyate– ‘śvā ayam’ iti | atrāpi śvevāyāmiti iva-śabdasya lopo draṣṭavyaḥ || āśauryādidoṣamamanvayena yaḥ kutsyataṃ, saḥ ‘kāko'yam’ ityucyate |
18|

44.4

kākādiśabdān udāharaṇaprasaktān nirbravīti, “kāka iti śabdānukṛtiḥ” | anukaraṇamanukṛtiḥ, śabdasyānukṛtiḥ, yādṛśamevāsāṃ śabdaṃ karoti tathaivānukṛtyā tasya nāmāpi bhavati śabdasyānukṛtiḥ | sa hi kākukāku iti vāśyate, ⸪ tasmāt sa kāka ityucyate |
18 |

44.5

“tadidam” eva śabdānukṛtihetukaṃ nāma “śakuniṣu” eva tānyeṣu satvaviśe ṣeṣu 'bahula' prāyeṇetyarthaḥ |
18 |

44.6

"na śabdānukṛtirvidyata ityaupamanyavaḥ” śakuniṣpi na śabdānukṛtihetukaṃ nāma vidyate, ityaupamanyava ācāryoṃ manyate | kiṃ kāraṇam ? vyabhicāritvāt | śyāmā, darvī, pucchaplavaḥ, haṃsaḥ,–ityevamādiṣu śabdānukaraṇahetuko nāmadheyapratilambho nāsti | śakunikṣetre'pi śabdānukāro na vidyate | bahavo hyevaṃprakārā anyakriyāryairnāmabhiranvitāḥ śakunayaḥ | tatra, yaduktaṃ “tadidaṃ śakuniṣu bahulam” iti | etadayuktam | āha-kathaṃ
tarhi kākasyāpyakriyāhetuko nāmadheyapratilambha iti ? ucyate-sa hi “kākaḥ apakālayitavyo bhavati” upaghātabhayāt sa hi yadyat spṛśati tattadupahantīti apakālyate tasmāt kāka ityucyate |
18 |

44.7

śakunityasāmānyaprasaktamucyate, “tittiristaraṇāt” | ‘tṛ plavane ( bhvā0 pa0 )’ | utplutyāsau gacchati || “tilamātracitra iti vā” | atha vāṃ tilamātracitraḥ sa bhavatīti tittiriḥ |
18 |

44.8

“kapiñjalaḥ kapiriva jīrṇaḥ” yādṛśo hi kapiḥ markaṭaḥ, jīrṇaḥ san varṇato bhavati, tādṛśo'sāvapi kapiñjalaḥ ityucyate | atha “vā” “kapiriva javate” kapiñjalaḥ “īṣatpiṅgalaḥ” kapiñjalaḥ ityarthaḥ | atha “vā” “gamanīyaṃ” prārthanīyaṃ māṅgalyaṃ madhuraṃ vā “śabdaṃ” “piñjayati” abhivyanaktīti kapiñjalaḥ | evamādīni śakunināmadheyāni evamādinā prakāreṇa aśabdānukṛtipūrvakatve sati nirvaktavyāni |
18|

44.9

44.10

“siṃhaḥ sahanān” abhibhavati hyasau anyān prāṇiviśeṣān || “sampapūrvasya vā hanteḥ” upasargasyetvena || “saṃhāya hantīti vā” vaiyākaraṇānāmeṣā vyutpattiḥ|
18|

44.11

“vyāghro vyāghrāṇāt” vividhamasau jighratīti vyāghraḥ | tasya hi ghrāṇendriyaṃ paṭu bhavatīti sa hi gan āghrāya hanti, ghrāṇendriyaṃ hi tasya viśiṣṭaṃ jñānam | “vyādāya hantīti vā” sa kila vyādāya vaktraṃ vivṛtaṃ kṛtvā tato hanti || athavā “vyādāya hantīti” yaḥ kila prathame grahe [ na ] śaṅkitaḥ tena hantuṃ bhavati mṛgo'nyo vā kaścit, tamasāvamarṣād vikṛṣya tasminneva pradeśe prathamagrahasthāne ānīya tato hanti || ‘siṃho vyāghraḥ, śvā kāka’ ityevamanukramyārvācīnānyetāni padāni niruktāni, ayamapi nirvacanaprakāro'stīti pradarśanārtham | siṃhavyāghraśabdayostu anulomameva nirvacanamanulomavyākhyopapradarśanārtham, evaṃ hi ubhe api prāptī darśite bhavataḥ |
18 |

Linked texts (1)

Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit