Yāska's Nirukta 50.1

50.1

maṅgalācaraṇam | punaḥpunaḥ pādayugārdanāya pravartamānasya sarojabuddhyā | haṃsasya nityaṃ nikaṭasthitasya niṣedhanighnāṃ praṇamāmi vāṇīm |
"ekārthamaneka śabdamityetaduktam” | kimarthamidamucyate ? na hi yadyad vṛttaṃ tattad vaktavyam, idaṃ vṛttamidaṃ varttiṣyata iti | yadyad vṛttaṃ tattadanuktamapi pratīyate, yacca vakṣyamāṇamiti | āha saṅkṣepato nigamanāya yaduktaṃ yadvā vaktavyaṃ pratijānītha, samāsavistarābhyāṃ hi sukhamodhasya prakaraṇamavadhārayiṣyāmahe, gṛhītārthaṃ saṃkṣepācca vistareṇottaragranthamucyamānaṃ sukhamavabhotsyāmahe | api coktamanyatrāpi, “vistīrya hi mahajjñānamṛṣiḥ saṃkṣepato'bravīt | iṣṭaṃ hi viduṣāṃ loke samāsavyāsadhāraṇam ||”
śṛṇu-samāsato yaduktaṃ yacca vaktavyam ekārthamaneka śabdamiti-etat purastāt sūcitam- etāvantaḥ samānakarmāṇo dhātavaḥ, etāvantyasya sattvasya nāmadheyāni- 'ityanena vākyena | yadetat “gauriti pṛthivyā nāmadheyam”- ityata ārabhya nāmākhyātopasarganipātānāṃ prapañcana ca, tattadbhedaparyāyasaṅgavyāsandigdhodāharaṇatannirvacanavyākhyāpravibhāgenoktam | sa eṣa naighaṇṭukasya prakaraṇasya nigamavyājena sarvaithā'pyarthaḥ saṅkṣepata uktaḥ|śāstrasambandhaścaivamanusṛto bhaviṣyati | prakaraṇadvayasya cāsyaivamapunaruktatā pradarśitā bhaviṣyatītyanenābhiprāyeṇa ekārthamaneka śabdamityuktam | eko'rthaḥ pṛthivyādiḥ, anekeṣāṃ gavādiśabdānām, yatra tattvabhūtaḥ kathyate, aneke ca gavādiśabdāḥ pṛthivyāderekasyārthasya yatrābhidhāyinaḥ kathyante, tadidamekārthamaneka śabdaṃ prakaraṇam | atraikenārthenāneke śabdā lakṣyante, anekaiśca śabdaireko'rthaḥ | tato lakṣitalakṣaṇayā vṛttyā prakaraṇaṃ lakṣyate | atra punaryadyapi gatikarmaṇāṃ dvāviṃśatiśatamākhyānāmaviśiṣṭaṃ gamanameko'rthe uktaḥ, tathāpi prasiddhayanurodhāya
"kasati", "loṭhate", "ścotate"-ityevamādayaḥ pratiniyatasattvagamanaviṣayā eva draṣṭavyāḥ | tadyathā--ya evotkaṭika urasā vā gacchati, sa eva kasatītyucyate, netaro ya ūrddho gacchati | tathā ca--ya eva nimnena pradeśena kaścidacetano loṣṭādiranyo vā cetanaḥ puruṣādiḥ akāmakāreṇa gacchati, sa eva loṭhata ityucyate, nānyaḥ | tathā ca----yadeva dravadravyaṃ kiñcit sravati, tadeva ścotata ityucyate, nānyat | evaṃ gacchatikarmaṇāmekārthatve'pi sati prasiddhisāmarthyād gamanaviśeṣeṣu yathārthaṃ viniveśo draṣṭavyaḥ | deśāntaraprāptistu calanapūrvikā, sarveṣāṃ samānaṃ kāryam, ityata ekārthatvameṣāmuktam | sāmānyaśabdāśca kvacid viśeṣavācino bhavanti, viśeṣaśabdāśca kvacit sāmānyavācinaḥ, tadapyupekṣitavyam |
4 |
adhunā yasmin mantre nidhāśabdaḥ pāśasamūhavācī, tamānīya bravīti, nidhāśabdanigamārtham | katamaḥ punarasau mantraḥ ? ityāha, - “vayaḥ suparṇā0 ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8 |
“cakṣuḥ”, “khyātervā” darśanārthasya, “caṣṭervā” darśanārthasyaiva | evametasmin mantre “mumugdhyasmānnidhayeva baddhān”-ityeteṣāṃ padānāṃ madhye varttamānasya tṛtīyāntasya nidhāśabdasya pāśasamūhādanyaḥ konvarthaḥ syāt ?-mumugdhi baddhān-ityetau śabdau yena baddhāḥ, yasmācca mucyante, tadarthābhidhāyinaṃ śabdamākāṃkṣataḥ | tatraivaṃ sati varamavidyamānasyādhyāhārād vidyamānasya nidhāśabdasya anayoḥ śabdayormadhye varttamānasya ākāṃkṣitārthābhidhāyakatvakalpanā iti nidhāśabdaḥ pāśasamūhāmabhidhāyitve'vatiṣṭhate | itarathā hyayamitaraiḥ padairasambadhyamāno'narthaka eva syāt | tasmādevaṃ sarvatrānavagatasaṃskārāṇāmaprasiddhārthānāṃ padānāṃ sāmarthyādikāṃkṣitarūpa evārthe'vasthānaṃ bhavati, tadupapādyaṃ sarvatra, granthātigauravabhayāt tu saṃkṣepato'tra darśayiṣyāmaḥ |