Yāska's Nirukta 50: atha naigamaṃ kāṇḍam
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 50
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- Sanskrit
Contents
atha naigamaṃ kāṇḍam
50.1
maṅgalācaraṇam | punaḥpunaḥ pādayugārdanāya pravartamānasya sarojabuddhyā | haṃsasya nityaṃ nikaṭasthitasya niṣedhanighnāṃ praṇamāmi vāṇīm |
"ekārthamaneka śabdamityetaduktam” | kimarthamidamucyate ? na hi yadyad vṛttaṃ tattad vaktavyam, idaṃ vṛttamidaṃ varttiṣyata iti | yadyad vṛttaṃ tattadanuktamapi pratīyate, yacca vakṣyamāṇamiti | āha saṅkṣepato nigamanāya yaduktaṃ yadvā vaktavyaṃ pratijānītha, samāsavistarābhyāṃ hi sukhamodhasya prakaraṇamavadhārayiṣyāmahe, gṛhītārthaṃ saṃkṣepācca vistareṇottaragranthamucyamānaṃ sukhamavabhotsyāmahe | api coktamanyatrāpi, “vistīrya hi mahajjñānamṛṣiḥ saṃkṣepato'bravīt | iṣṭaṃ hi viduṣāṃ loke samāsavyāsadhāraṇam ||”
śṛṇu-samāsato yaduktaṃ yacca vaktavyam ekārthamaneka śabdamiti-etat purastāt sūcitam- etāvantaḥ samānakarmāṇo dhātavaḥ, etāvantyasya sattvasya nāmadheyāni- 'ityanena vākyena | yadetat “gauriti pṛthivyā nāmadheyam”- ityata ārabhya nāmākhyātopasarganipātānāṃ prapañcana ca, tattadbhedaparyāyasaṅgavyāsandigdhodāharaṇatannirvacanavyākhyāpravibhāgenoktam | sa eṣa naighaṇṭukasya prakaraṇasya nigamavyājena sarvaithā'pyarthaḥ saṅkṣepata uktaḥ|śāstrasambandhaścaivamanusṛto bhaviṣyati | prakaraṇadvayasya cāsyaivamapunaruktatā pradarśitā bhaviṣyatītyanenābhiprāyeṇa ekārthamaneka śabdamityuktam | eko'rthaḥ pṛthivyādiḥ, anekeṣāṃ gavādiśabdānām, yatra tattvabhūtaḥ kathyate, aneke ca gavādiśabdāḥ pṛthivyāderekasyārthasya yatrābhidhāyinaḥ kathyante, tadidamekārthamaneka śabdaṃ prakaraṇam | atraikenārthenāneke śabdā lakṣyante, anekaiśca śabdaireko'rthaḥ | tato lakṣitalakṣaṇayā vṛttyā prakaraṇaṃ lakṣyate | atra punaryadyapi gatikarmaṇāṃ dvāviṃśatiśatamākhyānāmaviśiṣṭaṃ gamanameko'rthe uktaḥ, tathāpi prasiddhayanurodhāya
"kasati", "loṭhate", "ścotate"-ityevamādayaḥ pratiniyatasattvagamanaviṣayā eva draṣṭavyāḥ | tadyathā--ya evotkaṭika urasā vā gacchati, sa eva kasatītyucyate, netaro ya ūrddho gacchati | tathā ca--ya eva nimnena pradeśena kaścidacetano loṣṭādiranyo vā cetanaḥ puruṣādiḥ akāmakāreṇa gacchati, sa eva loṭhata ityucyate, nānyaḥ | tathā ca----yadeva dravadravyaṃ kiñcit sravati, tadeva ścotata ityucyate, nānyat | evaṃ gacchatikarmaṇāmekārthatve'pi sati prasiddhisāmarthyād gamanaviśeṣeṣu yathārthaṃ viniveśo draṣṭavyaḥ | deśāntaraprāptistu calanapūrvikā, sarveṣāṃ samānaṃ kāryam, ityata ekārthatvameṣāmuktam | sāmānyaśabdāśca kvacid viśeṣavācino bhavanti, viśeṣaśabdāśca kvacit sāmānyavācinaḥ, tadapyupekṣitavyam |
4 |
adhunā yasmin mantre nidhāśabdaḥ pāśasamūhavācī, tamānīya bravīti, nidhāśabdanigamārtham | katamaḥ punarasau mantraḥ ? ityāha, - “vayaḥ suparṇā0 ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8 |
“cakṣuḥ”, “khyātervā” darśanārthasya, “caṣṭervā” darśanārthasyaiva | evametasmin mantre “mumugdhyasmānnidhayeva baddhān”-ityeteṣāṃ padānāṃ madhye varttamānasya tṛtīyāntasya nidhāśabdasya pāśasamūhādanyaḥ konvarthaḥ syāt ?-mumugdhi baddhān-ityetau śabdau yena baddhāḥ, yasmācca mucyante, tadarthābhidhāyinaṃ śabdamākāṃkṣataḥ | tatraivaṃ sati varamavidyamānasyādhyāhārād vidyamānasya nidhāśabdasya anayoḥ śabdayormadhye varttamānasya ākāṃkṣitārthābhidhāyakatvakalpanā iti nidhāśabdaḥ pāśasamūhāmabhidhāyitve'vatiṣṭhate | itarathā hyayamitaraiḥ padairasambadhyamāno'narthaka eva syāt | tasmādevaṃ sarvatrānavagatasaṃskārāṇāmaprasiddhārthānāṃ padānāṃ sāmarthyādikāṃkṣitarūpa evārthe'vasthānaṃ bhavati, tadupapādyaṃ sarvatra, granthātigauravabhayāt tu saṃkṣepato'tra darśayiṣyāmaḥ |
50.2.1
ekārthamanena samāsato naighaṇṭukaṃ prakaraṇamanusṛtam, "atha" idānīṃ yadvyākhyātavyaṃ, tat samāsataḥ pratijñāyate - "yāni anekārthāni ekaśabdāni" purastāt samāsataḥ sūcitāni, etāvatāmarthānāmidamabhidhānamityevam, "tāni" "ataḥ" param "anukramiṣyāmaḥ" vyākhyāsyetyabhisambandhaḥ | killakṣaṇā punariha vyākhyā ? iti | taducyate-"tattvaṃ paryāyaśabdena vyutpattiśca dvayorapi | nigamo nirṇayaśceti vyākhyeyaṃ naigame pade ||" yānyetāni dayatyṛkpārādīni padāni anekairarthairupadayādānadahanahiṃsādibhirarthavanti, yāni caitānyarthajātānyupadayādānadahanahiṃsādīni, ekaśabdavācyāni, tānyevamitaretaraviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvalakṣaṇopalakṣitāni ekaprakaraṇatāmupagatāni, evamprakārayā aikapadikaprakaraṇavyākhyayā anukramiṣyāmaḥ varṇayiṣyāma ityarthaḥ, atrārthasyāpratīyamānasya paryāyābhidhānena vibhajya pratipādanaṃ vyākhyā, śabdasyāpi vyutpādanaṃ vyākhyā | evamete dve vyākhye | tayorarthaparijñānamekasyāḥ kāryam, śabdaparijñānamekasyāḥ | tadetadubhayamapyekaikasmin naigame pade yathāsambhavaṃ vyākhyāsyate | 4 | katamaḥ punarasau nigamaḥ ? ityāha, —“ko nu maryāḥ0 ( ṛ0 saṃ0 6. 3, 49, 2 )”—iti | triśokasyeyamārṣam | gāyatrī | mahāvrate mahadukthe tṛcāśītiṣu śasyate || asyāmṛci jahetyasya śabdasya pūrvottarasadāvirodhaprakaraṇaśabdasārūpyārthopapa- ttibhiḥ saṃskārānavagame'pi sati hantereva viśeṣeṇārtho'vatiṣṭhate, na jahāteḥ || katham iti, śṛṇu- 'mā' 'naḥ' 'ekasmin āgasi' 'vadhīḥ' he 'śūra !' 'mā' 'dvayoḥ' āgasoḥ vadhīḥ| 'uta' api ca 'triṣu' api āgassu mā vadhīḥ |
50.2.2
'bhūriṣu' api ca bahutereṣu api aparādheṣu 'mā vadhīḥ' iti | etasmin prakaraṇe bravīti-"ko nu maryāḥ"-iti | he maryāḥ manuṣyāḥ ! yuṣmānneva tāvat pṛcchāmi, - "amithitaḥ" anākruṣṭaḥ, paruṣamapi vā kiñcidanuktaḥ, api ca "sakhā" samānakhyānaḥ, "sakhāyam" eva samānakhyānameva santam yathā bhavatāmahaṃ yajñe samānakhyānaḥ, evaṃ santam "abravīt" | ko nvevamāha ?amithitaḥ anākruṣṭo brūyāda yaḥ kaścit, yathā yūyamanāhatāḥ santo mā brūta-'mā vadhīḥ' iti | "jahā ko asmadīṣate" | apāpakaśabdo'tra bhāṣyakāreṇādhyāhṛtaḥ prāk jahāśabdasya arthopadyotanārtham, "apāpakaṃ" santaṃ' 'kamahaṃ' "jaghāna" hatavān "jātu" kadā cidityarthaḥ| "apāpakaṃ""kam""aham""jātu"-iti sarvametata adhyāhṛta bhāṣyakāreṇa jahāśabdasya nirākāṅkṣīkaraṇārthamadhastāccopariṣṭācca | evaṃ hi jahāśabdaḥ parisamāptārtho bhavati | na kadācidapi kaścidapāpako mayā hatapūrvaṃ iti, pāpakāriṇa tu hanmītyabhiprāyaḥ | te yūyamapāpā evājasraṃ bhūyāstha, na vo haniṣyāmi | yat punaretadukta bhavadbhiḥ 'bhūriṣvapyāgassu māmmān vadhīḥ- iti, kathamāgastvārī na hanyate ? 'śvā puroḍāśamava̍lihyāt' na ca kasyacit kasmiṃścidapi svatā syāt, sarvaṃ vā asamañjasameva syāt, yadi pāpakāriṇo na hanyeran, atha manuṣyānapāpānapi tvaṃ hasyeveti | atra brūmaḥ, "kaḥ" "asmat" asmattaḥ apāpakārī san "bhītaḥ" īṣate "palāyate" ityarthaḥ | na kaścidapyapāpakārī mattaḥ udvijamānaḥ palāyate, sa hi yuddhena cetasā abhimukha eva māmabhyeti, ya eva tu pāpakārī bhavati, sa evātmāparādhācchaṅkitayā buddhyā asmatto bhītaḥ palāyate-- ityabhiprāyaḥ ||
50.2.3
atrāpi ko'smadityetasmāt pañcamyogot īṣatergamanamātrasāmānyavācinaḥ sato gamanaviśeṣe palāyane'vasthānam | yo hi yasmād bibheti, sa tasmāt palāyate | bhītaśabdaścādhyāhṛtaḥ | na hyabhītaḥ kaścit palāyate || ityeṣa samastārthaḥ || athaikapadāniruktam-"maryā iti" manuṣyanāmasu paṭhitam | ihāpi caitat "manuṣyanāma" eva | tasyoktā vyutpattiḥ,-"maryo manuṣyo maraṇadharmā" iti || atha "vā" "maryādābhidhānam" evaṃ atra "syāt" na manuṣyanāma | yadā maryādābhidhānametadabhipretaṃ bhavati, tadaivamarthavattāsya yojayitavyā, - "maryādā, maryāerādīyate" | kā nu eṣā
50.2.4
maryādā, - yato dharmajñāḥ santo yūyamanāhatā anākruṣṭāśca asadabhiyogaṃ sakhāyaḥ santo mama sakhyurdattaṃ mā vadhīḥ ? iti, naitannyāyyamityabhiprāyaḥ || “maryādāmaryādinorvibhāgaḥ” | saṃśritā yā bhūmirupakṣīṇā, sā maryatyucyate-viṣayānta ityarthaḥ | ādiranyasya viṣayasyopakrama ucyate | saṃśritāyāśca bhūmerādeśca vibhāgakāriṇī yā bhūmiḥ, sā maryādetyucyate || “methatirākrośakarmā” | catasraḥ patnyo'śvamabhimethantīti prasiddhamaśvamedhe methanamākrośakarmatvam | loke'pi ca ‘śālo methanakaḥ’ ityucyate, sa hyabhīkṣṇamākruśyate, ākrośati ca saḥ || “apāpakam” - ityasya bhāṣyapadasyāparo vyākhyāmārgaḥ, -- ko nveṣaṃ brūyāt ‘apāpakaṃ mantaṃ mā vadhīḥ’ iti ? jaghāna kamaha jātu pāpakamapāpakaṃ vā ? ko'smadbhītaḥ palāyate ? na kaścidapi, maubhyo'hamityabhiprāyaḥ || yatkṛtasambandhādindra evāyaṃ triśokaḥ syād yasyeyamārṣam || evametasmin mantre prakaraṇapūrvottarapadāvirodhācchabdasārūpyārthopapattibhirhantereva viśepeṇārtho'vatiṣṭhate na jahāteḥ | jahātau hyetasmin kalpyamāne prakaraṇaṃ pūrvottarāṇi ca padāni virudhyante śabdasārūpye'pi sati | tasmānnātra jahāteravakāśo'sti, pāriśeṣyāt hanteretadrūpamityupapannaṃ bhavati || evameva mavedhavānavagatasaṃskāreṣu yojyam |
50.2.5
“nidhā ( 2 )” ityetat padamanavagatasaṃskārāvasaraprāptaṃ vyākhyānīyamaikapadikavyākhyādharmeṇa prakṛtānuvṛttyā sa vyākhyātavya iti tadabhidhānābhidheyanigamananirvacanānukramaprakṛtānuvṛttyā kramaḥ,-“nidhā pāśyā bhavati”-iti paryāye [ ṇa ] tattvavacanam | yo bālamayaḥ snāyumayo vā pāśasamūhaḥ pakṣigrahaṇārthaḥ, sa pāśyetyucyate | adhunā dvāvapyetau śabdau nirvakti, nidhāśabdaṃ pāśyāśabdaṃ ca |-“yan” yasmāt iya- “nīdhīyate” nīcairdhāryate pakṣigrahaṇārtham , tasmāt nidhīriti prāptā, nidhānīti vā | seya mevaṃ prāptā, satī nidhetyanavagatasaṃskāreṇocyate | pāśyāśabdaṃ paryāyābhidhānaprasaktaṃ nirbravīti pratyayotpādanārtham- “pāśyā pāśasamūhaḥ” iti | padāniṣkṛṣya taddhitārtho niruktaḥ || adhunā padārthaṃ nirbravīti- “pāśaḥ pāśayateḥ” bandhanārthasya | “vipāśanāt” nena hi vividhamatiśayena vā pāśyate badhyata ityarthaḥ- “śitāma (3)”-ityetadanavagatam | anupanyasyaiva padam, abhidheyaṃ cānuktvaiva nigamameva prathamaṃ paṭhatyācāryaḥ | vipratipattyānekārthatvamasyeti | “pārśvataḥ śroṇitaḥ śitāmataḥ” iti nigamaḥ ( ya0 mā0 saṃ0 21, 43) | paśuhaviṣaḥ praiṣe'yaṃ mantraśeṣaḥ || katamaḥ punarasau praiṣaḥ ? “hotā̍ yakṣadindrā̱gnī chāga̍sya ha̱viṣa̱ āttā̍ma̱dya ma̍dhya̱to meda̱ udbhṛ̍tampūrā dveṣo̍bhyaḥ purā pauru̍ṣeyyā gṛ̱bho ghastā̍ṃ nū̱naṃ ghāse̍ a̱ṅgānā̱ṃ yava̍saprathamānā̱ su̱matkṣa̍rāṇā̱ śata̍rudriyāṇā̍ma̱bhipva̍ttānāṃ pīvo̍pavasanānāṃ pā̱rśvataḥ śroṇitaḥ śitāma̱ta u̍tsā̱dato'ṅgā̍daṅgādava̍ttānāṃ kara̍ta̱ evāśvinā̍ ju̱ṣetā̱m̐ ha̱virhorta̱ryaja̍ ||” (ya0 mā0 saṃ0 21, 43 )1”-iti ||
50.2.6
sarva eva gadyaḥ | vāmadevasyārṣam | maitrāvaruṇo bravīti | 'hotā yakṣat' hotā yajatvityarthaḥ | tena cejyamānau ‘indrāgnī' asmāt 'haviṣaḥ' paśvākhyāt 'madhyataḥ' yadetat ‘medaḥ' ‘uddhṛtam' uddhṛtam asyāṃ sucyāṃ hitam | tasmānmedaḥ paryasyati, śrapayati, tredhā medaḥ karotīti hyuktam | etanmedaḥ 'adya' etasminnahani madyaḥ uddhṛtam 'āttām' bhakṣayetām | 'purā dveṣobhyaḥ' havirmathibhyaḥ piśācādibhyaḥ | 'purā pauruṣeyyā gṛbhaḥ' arvāgiḍāvadānāt, iḍā hi puruṣārthaṃ gṛhyate, prāka tasmāt grahaṇāt | indrāgnī 'ghastāṃ' bhakṣayetāṃ, 'nūnaṃ' niścayena | etasmin 'ghāse' ghasanakāle bhakṣaṇakāle prāpte 'aṅgānām ' anabhibhūtānāṃ rakṣobhiḥ ādareṇa prativiśiṣṭairmantraiḥ sambhṛtānām | athavā 'ghāseaṅgāṇām' ityekaṃ padam | tadāyamarthaḥ,-ghāse hi sati paśavo na jīryanta iti, ghāseaṅgāḥ | 'yavasaprathamānāṃ' yavasaḥ aśanam, tasya anekaprakāramya śreṣṭhatvādetānyeva devatṛptaye prathamāni, teṣāṃ yavasaprathamānām | 'sumatkṣarāṇām' svayamevaitāni bhakṣyamāṇāni svādutvādudaraṃ prati kṣarantīti sumatkṣarāṇi eṣāṃ sumatkṣarāṇām | 'śatarudriyāṇāṃ' bahustutīnām | athavā 'śatarudriyāṇāṃ' bahuśo rugaṇānām | 'abhiṣvāttānām' agnipākena mṛdutvāt svādūkṛtānām | 'pīvopavasanānām' pīvnā chāgena upavastānām, athavā pīvānaṃ chāgamupagamyoṣitānām | “pārśvataḥ” aṅgāt 'avattānām' “śroṇitaḥ” avattānām | “śitāmataḥ” avattānām | 'utsāhataḥ' ca ucchedana
50.2.7
sthānāt ‘aṅgādaṅgāt’ avattānām | ‘karataḥ’ kurutām, indrāgnī ! tṛptim-eteṣām evaṃlakṣaṇānāmavadānānām | he ‘hotaḥ !’ yathaitāvindrāgnī ‘juṣetām’ āsevetām, etat ‘haviḥ’ tathā tvamapi ‘yaja’ || nigamaprasaktamucyate,-“pārśvaṃ parśumayamaṅgaṃ bhavati” | parśavo vaṅkraya ucyante, tanmayaṃ hi tad bhavati pārśvapaṭalakṣaṇam || āha-parśuḥ kasmāt ? ucyate-“parśuḥ spṛśateḥ” || āha-kimanayā spṛṣṭam ? iti| ucyate-“saṃspṛṣṭā pṛṣṭhadeśam” prati bhavati || āha-“pṛṣṭhaṃ” kasmāt ? ucyate-“spṛśateḥ” ( tu0 pa0 ) eva, taddhi “saṃspṛṣṭamaṅgaiḥ” || āha-“aṅgam” kasmāt ? ucyate-“añcanāt” añcitaṃ hi tat kaulena bhavati, gatamityarthaḥ ( bhū0 pa0 ) | “añcanādvā” | añcatirapi gatyartha eva (bhū0 pa0) | dhātvanyatvamarthaikatvam || pārśvaśabdaprasaktānuprasaktamuktam || adhunā śroṇiśabdaṃ nigamaprasaktaṃ nirbravīti,-“śroṇiḥ śroṇateḥ” dhātoḥ “gaticalākarmaṇaḥ” ( bhū0 pa0 ) | gatinimittaṃ calanaṃ yasya karma, so'yaṃ gaticalākarmā, tasya gaticalākarmaṇaḥ | kiṃ kāraṇam ? “śroṇiścalatīva” sthānāt paśoḥ “gacchataḥ” || śitāmaśabdasya tattvamācaṣṭe,-“doḥ śitāma bhavati” bāhurityarthaḥ ||
50.2.8
āha-doḥ kasmāt ? ucyate-“doḥ” “dravateḥ” ( bhū0 pa0) | tasya hi prāṇena paśurdravīti | śritamaṃbhāvena etatkāryye bhavatīti śitāma | yadā dorviṣaye śitāmaśabdaḥ tadaivaṃ nirvaktavyaḥ || āha-kayopapattyā doḥ śitāmaśabdenocyate ? śṛṇu-paśorhi bāhyāni cāvadānāni, ābhyantarāṇi ca bhavantīti | tatra, paśoḥ pārśve śroṇyāvaṃsāviti bāhyāni, jihvāhṛdyakṛdādīni ābhyantarāṇi | tatraivaṃ sati pārśvataḥ śroṇitaḥ-ityetayorbāhyayorantarā varttamānaḥ śitāmaśabdaḥ kimanyaddoṣṇo'bhidadhyāt| prāyo'pi hi niyamako bhavati| evaṃ bāhyāvadānaprāye ca śitāmaśabdo varttate iti dorviṣayaḥ kalpyate || “yoniḥ śitāmaḥ”-“iti” “śākapūṇiḥ” ācāryo manyate | tatra yoniḥ anavadānīyā eva | yonisamānadeśastu gudo nāmāvadānamasti, sa yoniśabdenocyate | sa ca gudaḥ “viṣito bhavati” | ‘viṣḷ vyāptau’ ( ju0 u0 ), vyāptaḥ sa purīṣeṇa bhavati | athavā viṣitamāṃso vipuṣitamāṃsaḥ, vikṣiptamāṃsaḥ, sa bhavati | āha-kayopapattyā śākapūṇirmate yoniḥ śitāmaśabdenocyate ? iti | śṛṇu-sa hi śroṇya- nantaro bhavati, śroṣyanantaraṃ ca śitāmaśabda ucyate, -śroṇitaḥ śitāmata iti | śabdasārūpyamapi ca kiñcidasti, -viṣikto bhavati, śitāmeti | anayopapatyā anena ca śabdasārūpyena yoniḥ śitāma iti śākapūṇirmanyate || "śyāmatau yakṛtaḥ"- "iti" "taiṭikiḥ" ācāryo manyate || yaduktaṃ bhavati śyāmata iti, taduktaṃ bhavati śitāmata iti | evaṃ hi bahutaraṃ śabdasārūpyaṃ lakṣyate evaṃ ca sati yakṛta etadavadānaṃ coditaṃ syāditi gamyate || kiṃ kāraṇam ? taddhi "śyāmaṃ" "śyāyateḥ" ( bhū0 ā0 ) dhātoḥ, taddhi samparkādupapadyate ||
50.2.9
āha-"yakṛt" kasmāt ? ucyate-taddhi mṛdutvāt "yathā kathā ca" ayatnenaiva "kṛtyate" chidyata ityarthaḥ || "śitimāṃsato medastaḥ"- "iti" "gālavaḥ" ācāryo manyate | śvetānmāṃmāt śitimāṃsataḥ || katamat punastat śvetaṃ māṃsamiti ? ucyate-medastaḥ | tasmāt yaduktaṃ bhavati śitimāṃsata iti, tadevoktaṃ bhavati śitāmata iti | evamapi bahutaraṃ śabdasārūpyamasti || "śitiḥ" "śyateḥ" tanūkaraṇārthasya ( di0 pa0 ), paro hi vivekastejaso medaṃsyevāvatiṣṭhate || "māṃsaṃ" "mānanaṃ vā" ya eva hi mānyo bhavati, tadarthametat saṃskriyate| "mānasaṃ vā" sumanasā hi tadupādīyate | atha vā ya eva hi manasvino bhavanti, tairupadīyate | "mano'smin sīdatīti vā" sarvasyaiva hi māṃse manaḥ sīdati || "medaḥ" "medyateḥ" snehanārthasya || evameṣa śitāmaśabdo'navagatābhidheyo'navagatasaṃskāro'pi | evametasmin prakaraṇe anyānyanavagatasaṃskārāṇi upekṣitavyāni | uktaṃ hi,"śabdarūpaṃ padārthaśca vyutpattiḥ prakṛtirguṇaḥ | sarvametadanekārthe daśānavagame guṇāḥ ||"-iti | katame punaste ? iti-padajātyabhidheyasvarasaṃskāraguṇavibhāgakramavikṣepādhyāhāravyavadhānāni | teṣu cābhidheyamapekṣya nirvacanaṃ karttavyam | ukta hi"dhātūtsargāvayavaguṇasattvaṃ hi dhātujam | bahvekadhātujaṃ vāpi padaṃ nirvācyalakṣaṇam || dhātujaṃ dhātujājjātaṃ samarthārthajameva ca | vākyajaṃ vyatikīrṇaṃ ca nirvācyaṃ pañcadhā padam ||" iti |
50.2.10
(1 ) padajātyanavagatam, —“tva” iti yathā, nāma, nipāto vā ? (2) abhidheyānavagatam,—“śitāma” iti yathā | (3) svarānavagatam,—“vane̱ na vā̱yo”'iti yathā | (4) saṃskārānavagatam,—“īrmāṃntāsaḥ” iti yathā | (5) guṇānavagatam,—“karūlatī” iti yathā | (6) vibhāgānavagatam,—“mehanā” iti yathā | (7) kramānavagatam,—“uparamadhvaṃ me vacase” iti yathā | (8) vikṣepānavagam,—“dyāvāṃ naḥ pṛthivī” iti yathā | (9) adhyāhārānavagatam,—“dānamanaso no manuṣyān” iti yathā | (10) vyavadhānānavagatam,—“vāyuśca niyuttvān”iti yathā | ekamāpa padaṃ padadvitayaṃ kriyate — “puruṣādaḥ, puruṣānadanāya” iti yathā | padadvitayamapi caikaṃ padaṃ kriyate,—“garbhanidhānīṃ sanituḥ” iti yathā | ākhyātamapi ca nāma kriyate,—“sarvāṇīndrasya dhanāni vibhakṣyamāṇāḥ” iti yathā || evameṣu nigameṣu śabdārthasaṅkaro'nekaprakāra upekṣyaḥ, dṛṣṭānuvidhānāt chandāṃsi yathāsambhavamanuvidheyaḥ |
50.3
āha----kimenekārthānyeva kevalāni asmin prakaraṇe vyākhyāyante ? netyucyate-"anavagatasaṃskārāṃśca nigamān" | anavagatasaṃskārān avijñātasaṃskārānityarthaḥ | yeṣāṃ prakṛtipratyayādisaṃskāro na sākalyena jñāyate, tāṃśca nigamān atraiva vyākhyāsyāmaḥ | pūrvvāṇi cānekārthāni anavagatasaṃskārāṃśceti caśabdaḥ |
50.4.1
tadetadevamprakāraṃ prakaraṇaṃ, yatraitadubhayaṃ vyākhyāyate “tataḥ” “aikapadikam” “iti” anena nāmnā anye'pyācāryāḥ “ācakṣate” nirūḍhā hīyamasmin prakaraṇe sañjñetyabhiprāyaḥ | pūrvasmin prakaraṇe gaṇaśaḥ padānā viracanāmapekṣyaitadekapadikamucyate, atra tvekaikameva padaṃ samāmnātam | tadyathā, —“jahā, nidhā” -ityevamādīni | yatra punaḥ kacidanekānyapi samāmnātāni, tadyathā- “devo devācyā, kṛpā” “somo adhvāḥ”- ityevamādīni, tatraiva tatprayojanaṃ vakṣyāmaḥ | evaṃ prakaraṇārthaṃ saṃkṣepataḥ pratijñāya krameṇa varṇavṛttitvācca prathama yat pada, tadupādīyate,— “jahā ( 1 )” --iti | āha -kimetadanavagatasaṃskāramutānekārtham ? ucyate—anavagatasaṃskāram | katham ? ‘jaghāna’ ityevamavasthitena anavagatasaṃskāreṇa yo'rtha ucyate sa ca jahetyanenānupapannasaṃskāreṇokto bhavati | atra hanterjahāteśca sandeha iti bhāṣyakāraṇāvadhṛta “jaghānetyarthaḥ”—iti || āha kutaḥ punarviśeṣāvadhāraṇam-hanterevātra rūpam, 'na punarjahāteḥ ? iti | ucyate nigamāt-
50.4.2
6 )” iti | śāktyasya gaurivīteriyamārṣam | triṣṭup | agniṣṭome marutvatīyaśastrasya paridhānīyeṣā nividdhānīye sūkte || “vayaḥ” “ādityaraśmayaḥ” | “veḥ” gatyarthasya ( adā0 pa0 ) nāmībhūtanya “bahuvacanam” viḥ, vī, vayaḥ iti | “suparṇāḥ” “supatanāḥ”eta eva “upaseduḥ” upasīdanti vyuṣṭāyāṃ rātrāvahanyahani | kamupaseduḥ? “indram”ādityam | “priyamedhāḥ” priyayajñāḥ | ta eva yajñasahacāritvāt udgateṣūditeṣu hi teṣu yajñāstāyante | “ṛṣayaḥ” ta eva, arpaṇāt, prakāśakatvāt | “nāthamānāḥ” ta ādityamupaseduḥ | kamarthaṃ “yācamānāḥ” ? iti | “aporṇuhi” apāvṛṇu janānāmetat “dhvāntam” “ādhvastam” ācchāditaṃ tamasā| “cakṣuḥ” “pūrddhi” “pūraya”yuṣmadananugṛhītamasakalimivaiteṣāṃ janānāmetaccakṣuḥ, tat pūrddhi, sakalaṃ kurvityarthaḥ | athavā pṛddhi “dehi” iti | yaduktaṃ syāt astaṃ hi gacchatā tvayā eteṣāṃ janānāmāptamiva yaccakṣuḥ, tat punarudyaṃstvametebhyo janebhyo dehi || kathaṃ ca punardehi ? “mumugdhi asmān” “muñcāsmān” “nidhayā” “pāśaiḥ” pāśasamūhena pakṣiṇaḥ “iva” etasmin maṇḍale “baddhān” | yāvadetattāvadaśeṣaṃ tamo nāśayitvā eteṣāṃ janānāmetaccakṣurdṛśaḥ, sakalaṃ vā kurmaḥ | evaṃ hyetat tvayaiva dattaṃ bhaviṣyatītyabhiprāyaḥ | etamarthaṃ yācamānā upaseduḥ || yadindra citraṃ cāyanīyaṃ mahaṃnīyaṃ dhanamasti | yanma iha nāstīti vā trīṇi madhyamāni padāni, tvayā nastaddātavyam | adrivan | adrirāhaṇātyetena | api vātteḥ• syāt | ‘te somāda iti ha vijñāyate’ rādha iti dhnunāma rādhanvantyanena | tannastvaṃ vittadhanobhābhyāṃ hastābhyāmāhara | ubhau samubdhau bhavataḥ |
50.4.3
“mehanā ( 4 )” ityetadanavagatam | “mahaṃnīyam” iti avagamaḥ | “yadi̍ndra citra̱ meha̍nā”--iti nigamaḥ | atrerbhomasyārṣam | anuṣṭup | aindrī | svarapṛṣṭhānāṃ svarasāmnāṃ prathame svarasāmni “yajjā̱āyathā̍ apū̱rvya̍” iti stotriyaḥ, svarapṛṣṭhānāṃ “yadindra citra mehanā”iti dve, “yā indra bhuja ābhara”iti tṛtīyānurūpasyeti viniyogaḥ|he “indra” “citram” “cāyanīyam” pūjārham, “yat” “mehanā” “mahaṃnīyaṃ” pūjārham , tava “rādhaḥ” “dhanam” “asti” kiñcit, “tvādārtaṃ” “tvayā” ca “dātavyam” evāvaśyaṃ suciramapi sthitvā “naḥ” asmabhyam “tat”yataḥ, ato brūmaḥ,-he“adrivaḥ” vajrin ! “tat” naḥ rādhaḥ he “viddaḍhvaso” āptadhana ! sāmpratameva “ubhābhyāṃ hastābhyām” akṛpaṇam “ābhara” “āhara” mā cirāya ityābhiprāyaḥ || atha “vā”, “yanma iha nāstīti” etasmin vākyaikadeśe “trīṇi”“padāni”“madhyamāni” madhye bhavantītyarthaḥ | kathaṃ mehanā ityeṣā saṃhitā,-‘me–iha- na’ iti ? etānyasyāḥ saṃhitāyāḥ padāni | evameṣa vākyāvayavaḥ pañcapado bhavati | atra ‘yat’–iti prathamaṃ padam, ataḥ paraṃ ‘me’ ‘iha’ ‘na’–ityetāni trīṇi madhyamāni padāni, ‘asti’–iti pañcamaṃ padam | evamabhipretya “indra citra”–śabdādapakṛṣṭoktaṃ trīṇi madhyamāni padāni-iti | āha–yadidaṃ padavibhāgaḥ, tadā ko'rthaḥ ? iti, ucyate–yat me mama gṛhe nāsti dhanam, tava ca tat asti dhanam, dātavyaṃ ca tvayā tāvat stotṛbhyaḥ, taddhastābhyāmasmabhyamābhareti | bahūcānāṃ ‘mehanā’–ityekaṃ padam | chandogānāṃ trīṇyetāni padāni ‘ma, iha, na’– iti |
50.4.4
tadubhayaṃ paśyatā bhāṣyakāreṇobhayoḥ śākalyagārgyayorabhiprāyāvatrānuvihitau-evañjātīyānirvacanopapradarśanārthamubhayośca prāmāṇyakhyāpanārtham || āha–padakārayoḥ padavikalpe ko'bhiprāyaḥ ? iti | ucyate–vidyāvān vidyamānadhano vā prativiśiṣṭataraṃ prārthayate–yacca yasya gṛhe nāsti, sa tadviśiṣṭamaviśiṣṭaṃ vā prārthayeta, na cānayorubhayorapi viśeṣaliṅgamasti, tattvānmaṃhanīyamityetayārthamatyā mehanetyevamekaṃ padamabhipretaṃ śākalyasya | gārgyasya punaryanma iha ( gṛhe ) nāsti tadāharetyabhiprāyaḥ | evamatra viśeṣaliṅgābhāvādvipratipattiḥ | evamanyeṣvapi śākhāntarapadavikalpeṣu anuvidhānamarthāvirodhena kartavyam | evamayaṃ mehanāśabdo rādhaḥśabdasāmānādhikaraṇye vartamāno yanmahanīyaṃ rādhaḥ, yadvā madgṛhe nāstīti dhanaviśeṣaṇatvāt kamanyamarthaṃ brūyāt ? tasmānmehaneti sāmarthyāddhanaviśeṣaṇametadityupapattiḥ || adhunā nigamaprasaktāni nirucyante,-“advirādṛṇātyetena” adrisāramayameva hyāyudhaṃ bhavatīti–adrivaṃśca ucyate || āha–adriḥ kasmāt ? ucyate–ādṛṇāti ādarayatītyarthaḥ | athavā somābhiṣavagrāvābhistadvān adrivān syāt | tairapi hi soma ādāryate || "api vā" "atteḥ syāt" adriḥ | kuta etat ? nigamāt | katamo'sau nigama iti "te somāda iti ha vijñāyate" "te somādo harī indra̍sya̱ nisṛte ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 30, 4 )"—ityetasminmantre vicāryamāṇe jñāyate'tteradriḥ syāditi | vyākhyāta eva śeṣaḥ ||
50.4.5
"rādhaḥ" "iti" etat "dhananāma" smārayati | vyabhicāritvādvā śabdānā dhananāmasu paṭhitamapi sadetadavadhārayati,–ihāpyetaddhananāmaiva, nātra vyabhicāro'stīti | paṭhitābhidhānanirūpaṇeṣu sarveṣvetau samādhī yojyau | "vittadhana" iti prāptadhana ! | "ubhau samubdhau bhavataḥ"sampūrṇāvityarthaḥ |
50.5
"damūnāḥ (5)"-ityetadanavagatam | "damamanāḥ" damūnā syāt, dame hi nityamasya manaḥ, akrūramanā ityarthaḥ | "dānamanā vā" dātavyaṃ mayeti yasya manasi sa vā damūnāḥ | "dāntamanā vā" dameṣu dānteṣu yamaniyamavatsu puruṣeṣu yasya manaḥ, sa vā damūnāḥ | athavā "dama iti" etad "gṛhanāma" etad yasya manasi mamedamiti, sa damūnāḥ "syān" gṛhapatiragniḥ-|
nigamaḥ, "juṣṭo damūnāḥ” - iti | vasuśrutasyātreyasyeyamārṣam | triṣṭup | āgneyī | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate sviṣṭakṛtpuronuvākyā caiyaṃ cāturmāsyeṣu sākamedhe || he bhagavaṃnnagne ! "juṣṭaḥ” āsevitastvamasmābhiḥ stutibhiḥ "damūnāḥ” damamanāḥ, akrūramanāḥ bhūtvā, tataḥ "upayāhi” | athavā gṛhaṃ mamedamiti ceto'vasthāpya, tata upayāhi | athavā dānamanā bhūtvā, dātavyamebhyo mayetyevaṃ ceto'vasthāpya, tata upayāhi | athavā dānteṣveva hi tava mano vayaṃ ca dāntāḥ, “atithiḥ” ca tvamagnihotriṇāṃ dāntamanasāṃ prātaḥ sāyaṃ ca udbodhyamāno bhavasi | svabhāva evaiṣa tavāgnihotriṇāmatithitvenopasthātavyamiti | ato brūmaḥ-vayamapi dāntamanaso'gnihotriṇaśca, asmākamapi ya eṣaḥ "duroṇe” yajñagṛhe yajñastanyate, taṃ tvamupayāhi, tamāgaccha, “vidvān” jānānaḥ svamadhikāraṃ bhaktāṃ cāsmākam | kiṃca, “viśvāḥ” “sarvāḥ” “abhiyujaḥ” abhitaḥ sarvato yujaḥ, abhiyoktryaḥ, śatrusenāḥ tvadāgamanapratibandhena varttamānāḥ, “vihatya” nānāprakāraṃ hatvā, tata upayāhi | kiñca-edamāgacchaṃstvaṃ śṛṇu yatkuruṣva, - "śatrūyatāṃ” ye'smākaṃ śatrutvaṃ kāmayante kartum, tān vihatya, teṣāṃ balāni, tato yāni teṣāṃ "bhojanāni” annāni, dhanāni vā, tāni asmabhyam "ābhara” “āhara” iti samastārthaḥ ||
nigamaprasakto'tithiśabdo duroṇaśabdaśca | āha-atithiḥ kasmāt ? ucyate"gṛhān” “abhi” ābhimukhyenāsau “atito bhavati” gata ityarthaḥ | “atatipatati” iti gatikarmasu paṭhitam || athavaivamanyathā syāt, “abhyeti” abhyāgacchati “tithiṣu” paurṇamāsyādyāsu “parakulāni” yajamānakulānītyatithiḥ | "ayamapītaro'tithiretasmādeva” ||
“duroṇa iti” etat “gṛhanāma” || āha-kiṃ kāraṇam ? ucyate-te hi gṛhāḥ “duravā bhavanti” avatistarpaṇārthaḥ, “dustarpāḥ” ityarthaḥ | uktaṃ ca,-'kuṭumbatantrāṇi hi durbharāṇi'-iti || evametasminmantre, juṣṭaḥ, damūnāḥ, atitheḥ, vidvān, he agne ! yakṣamupayāhi-ityetasminnadhikāre varttamānaḥ 'damūnāḥ' śabdaḥ kamanyamagniviśeṣaṇārthaṃ brūyāt ?, na kañcidapi | pariśeṣāhmūnā ityetadagniviśeṣaṇameveti siddham |
50.6
mūṣo mūṣikā ityarthaḥ |
"mūṣaḥ (6)" ityetadanavamam | bahuvacanaṃ caitat, mūd, mūṣau, mūṣaḥ-ityevam || āha-kuta etat ? ucyate-"vyadanti" ityetasminnākhyāte bahuvacananirdeśāt, 'mūṣo vyadanti'-ityetat sambadhyate | "mūṣikāḥ-iti" anenāvagatasaṃskāreṇa yaḥ "arthaḥ" uktaḥ syāt, sa eva mūṣa ityuktaḥ prasiddhārthena abhidhānena || mūṣaḥ-śabdasya tattvamākhyātam, adhunā''khyātaprasaktasya mūṣikāśabdasya nirvacanaṃ karoti,-"mūṣikāḥ punarmuṣṇāteḥ" | "muṣa steye (kyā0 pa0 )" ityasya || "mūṣaḥ api" ca "etasmāt eva" te hi haranti dhānyādīni-|| ||
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit