Yāska's Nirukta 50.2
Niruktavṛtti 50.2
- Language
- Sanskrit
50.2.1
ekārthamanena samāsato naighaṇṭukaṃ prakaraṇamanusṛtam, "atha" idānīṃ yadvyākhyātavyaṃ, tat samāsataḥ pratijñāyate - "yāni anekārthāni ekaśabdāni" purastāt samāsataḥ sūcitāni, etāvatāmarthānāmidamabhidhānamityevam, "tāni" "ataḥ" param "anukramiṣyāmaḥ" vyākhyāsyetyabhisambandhaḥ | killakṣaṇā punariha vyākhyā ? iti | taducyate-"tattvaṃ paryāyaśabdena vyutpattiśca dvayorapi | nigamo nirṇayaśceti vyākhyeyaṃ naigame pade ||" yānyetāni dayatyṛkpārādīni padāni anekairarthairupadayādānadahanahiṃsādibhirarthavanti, yāni caitānyarthajātānyupadayādānadahanahiṃsādīni, ekaśabdavācyāni, tānyevamitaretaraviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvalakṣaṇopalakṣitāni ekaprakaraṇatāmupagatāni, evamprakārayā aikapadikaprakaraṇavyākhyayā anukramiṣyāmaḥ varṇayiṣyāma ityarthaḥ, atrārthasyāpratīyamānasya paryāyābhidhānena vibhajya pratipādanaṃ vyākhyā, śabdasyāpi vyutpādanaṃ vyākhyā | evamete dve vyākhye | tayorarthaparijñānamekasyāḥ kāryam, śabdaparijñānamekasyāḥ | tadetadubhayamapyekaikasmin naigame pade yathāsambhavaṃ vyākhyāsyate | 4 | katamaḥ punarasau nigamaḥ ? ityāha, —“ko nu maryāḥ0 ( ṛ0 saṃ0 6. 3, 49, 2 )”—iti | triśokasyeyamārṣam | gāyatrī | mahāvrate mahadukthe tṛcāśītiṣu śasyate || asyāmṛci jahetyasya śabdasya pūrvottarasadāvirodhaprakaraṇaśabdasārūpyārthopapa- ttibhiḥ saṃskārānavagame'pi sati hantereva viśeṣeṇārtho'vatiṣṭhate, na jahāteḥ || katham iti, śṛṇu- 'mā' 'naḥ' 'ekasmin āgasi' 'vadhīḥ' he 'śūra !' 'mā' 'dvayoḥ' āgasoḥ vadhīḥ| 'uta' api ca 'triṣu' api āgassu mā vadhīḥ |
50.2.2
'bhūriṣu' api ca bahutereṣu api aparādheṣu 'mā vadhīḥ' iti | etasmin prakaraṇe bravīti-"ko nu maryāḥ"-iti | he maryāḥ manuṣyāḥ ! yuṣmānneva tāvat pṛcchāmi, - "amithitaḥ" anākruṣṭaḥ, paruṣamapi vā kiñcidanuktaḥ, api ca "sakhā" samānakhyānaḥ, "sakhāyam" eva samānakhyānameva santam yathā bhavatāmahaṃ yajñe samānakhyānaḥ, evaṃ santam "abravīt" | ko nvevamāha ?amithitaḥ anākruṣṭo brūyāda yaḥ kaścit, yathā yūyamanāhatāḥ santo mā brūta-'mā vadhīḥ' iti | "jahā ko asmadīṣate" | apāpakaśabdo'tra bhāṣyakāreṇādhyāhṛtaḥ prāk jahāśabdasya arthopadyotanārtham, "apāpakaṃ" santaṃ' 'kamahaṃ' "jaghāna" hatavān "jātu" kadā cidityarthaḥ| "apāpakaṃ""kam""aham""jātu"-iti sarvametata adhyāhṛta bhāṣyakāreṇa jahāśabdasya nirākāṅkṣīkaraṇārthamadhastāccopariṣṭācca | evaṃ hi jahāśabdaḥ parisamāptārtho bhavati | na kadācidapi kaścidapāpako mayā hatapūrvaṃ iti, pāpakāriṇa tu hanmītyabhiprāyaḥ | te yūyamapāpā evājasraṃ bhūyāstha, na vo haniṣyāmi | yat punaretadukta bhavadbhiḥ 'bhūriṣvapyāgassu māmmān vadhīḥ- iti, kathamāgastvārī na hanyate ? 'śvā puroḍāśamava̍lihyāt' na ca kasyacit kasmiṃścidapi svatā syāt, sarvaṃ vā asamañjasameva syāt, yadi pāpakāriṇo na hanyeran, atha manuṣyānapāpānapi tvaṃ hasyeveti | atra brūmaḥ, "kaḥ" "asmat" asmattaḥ apāpakārī san "bhītaḥ" īṣate "palāyate" ityarthaḥ | na kaścidapyapāpakārī mattaḥ udvijamānaḥ palāyate, sa hi yuddhena cetasā abhimukha eva māmabhyeti, ya eva tu pāpakārī bhavati, sa evātmāparādhācchaṅkitayā buddhyā asmatto bhītaḥ palāyate-- ityabhiprāyaḥ ||
50.2.3
atrāpi ko'smadityetasmāt pañcamyogot īṣatergamanamātrasāmānyavācinaḥ sato gamanaviśeṣe palāyane'vasthānam | yo hi yasmād bibheti, sa tasmāt palāyate | bhītaśabdaścādhyāhṛtaḥ | na hyabhītaḥ kaścit palāyate || ityeṣa samastārthaḥ || athaikapadāniruktam-"maryā iti" manuṣyanāmasu paṭhitam | ihāpi caitat "manuṣyanāma" eva | tasyoktā vyutpattiḥ,-"maryo manuṣyo maraṇadharmā" iti || atha "vā" "maryādābhidhānam" evaṃ atra "syāt" na manuṣyanāma | yadā maryādābhidhānametadabhipretaṃ bhavati, tadaivamarthavattāsya yojayitavyā, - "maryādā, maryāerādīyate" | kā nu eṣā
50.2.4
maryādā, - yato dharmajñāḥ santo yūyamanāhatā anākruṣṭāśca asadabhiyogaṃ sakhāyaḥ santo mama sakhyurdattaṃ mā vadhīḥ ? iti, naitannyāyyamityabhiprāyaḥ || “maryādāmaryādinorvibhāgaḥ” | saṃśritā yā bhūmirupakṣīṇā, sā maryatyucyate-viṣayānta ityarthaḥ | ādiranyasya viṣayasyopakrama ucyate | saṃśritāyāśca bhūmerādeśca vibhāgakāriṇī yā bhūmiḥ, sā maryādetyucyate || “methatirākrośakarmā” | catasraḥ patnyo'śvamabhimethantīti prasiddhamaśvamedhe methanamākrośakarmatvam | loke'pi ca ‘śālo methanakaḥ’ ityucyate, sa hyabhīkṣṇamākruśyate, ākrośati ca saḥ || “apāpakam” - ityasya bhāṣyapadasyāparo vyākhyāmārgaḥ, -- ko nveṣaṃ brūyāt ‘apāpakaṃ mantaṃ mā vadhīḥ’ iti ? jaghāna kamaha jātu pāpakamapāpakaṃ vā ? ko'smadbhītaḥ palāyate ? na kaścidapi, maubhyo'hamityabhiprāyaḥ || yatkṛtasambandhādindra evāyaṃ triśokaḥ syād yasyeyamārṣam || evametasmin mantre prakaraṇapūrvottarapadāvirodhācchabdasārūpyārthopapattibhirhantereva viśepeṇārtho'vatiṣṭhate na jahāteḥ | jahātau hyetasmin kalpyamāne prakaraṇaṃ pūrvottarāṇi ca padāni virudhyante śabdasārūpye'pi sati | tasmānnātra jahāteravakāśo'sti, pāriśeṣyāt hanteretadrūpamityupapannaṃ bhavati || evameva mavedhavānavagatasaṃskāreṣu yojyam |
50.2.5
“nidhā ( 2 )” ityetat padamanavagatasaṃskārāvasaraprāptaṃ vyākhyānīyamaikapadikavyākhyādharmeṇa prakṛtānuvṛttyā sa vyākhyātavya iti tadabhidhānābhidheyanigamananirvacanānukramaprakṛtānuvṛttyā kramaḥ,-“nidhā pāśyā bhavati”-iti paryāye [ ṇa ] tattvavacanam | yo bālamayaḥ snāyumayo vā pāśasamūhaḥ pakṣigrahaṇārthaḥ, sa pāśyetyucyate | adhunā dvāvapyetau śabdau nirvakti, nidhāśabdaṃ pāśyāśabdaṃ ca |-“yan” yasmāt iya- “nīdhīyate” nīcairdhāryate pakṣigrahaṇārtham , tasmāt nidhīriti prāptā, nidhānīti vā | seya mevaṃ prāptā, satī nidhetyanavagatasaṃskāreṇocyate | pāśyāśabdaṃ paryāyābhidhānaprasaktaṃ nirbravīti pratyayotpādanārtham- “pāśyā pāśasamūhaḥ” iti | padāniṣkṛṣya taddhitārtho niruktaḥ || adhunā padārthaṃ nirbravīti- “pāśaḥ pāśayateḥ” bandhanārthasya | “vipāśanāt” nena hi vividhamatiśayena vā pāśyate badhyata ityarthaḥ- “śitāma (3)”-ityetadanavagatam | anupanyasyaiva padam, abhidheyaṃ cānuktvaiva nigamameva prathamaṃ paṭhatyācāryaḥ | vipratipattyānekārthatvamasyeti | “pārśvataḥ śroṇitaḥ śitāmataḥ” iti nigamaḥ ( ya0 mā0 saṃ0 21, 43) | paśuhaviṣaḥ praiṣe'yaṃ mantraśeṣaḥ || katamaḥ punarasau praiṣaḥ ? “hotā̍ yakṣadindrā̱gnī chāga̍sya ha̱viṣa̱ āttā̍ma̱dya ma̍dhya̱to meda̱ udbhṛ̍tampūrā dveṣo̍bhyaḥ purā pauru̍ṣeyyā gṛ̱bho ghastā̍ṃ nū̱naṃ ghāse̍ a̱ṅgānā̱ṃ yava̍saprathamānā̱ su̱matkṣa̍rāṇā̱ śata̍rudriyāṇā̍ma̱bhipva̍ttānāṃ pīvo̍pavasanānāṃ pā̱rśvataḥ śroṇitaḥ śitāma̱ta u̍tsā̱dato'ṅgā̍daṅgādava̍ttānāṃ kara̍ta̱ evāśvinā̍ ju̱ṣetā̱m̐ ha̱virhorta̱ryaja̍ ||” (ya0 mā0 saṃ0 21, 43 )1”-iti ||
50.2.6
sarva eva gadyaḥ | vāmadevasyārṣam | maitrāvaruṇo bravīti | 'hotā yakṣat' hotā yajatvityarthaḥ | tena cejyamānau ‘indrāgnī' asmāt 'haviṣaḥ' paśvākhyāt 'madhyataḥ' yadetat ‘medaḥ' ‘uddhṛtam' uddhṛtam asyāṃ sucyāṃ hitam | tasmānmedaḥ paryasyati, śrapayati, tredhā medaḥ karotīti hyuktam | etanmedaḥ 'adya' etasminnahani madyaḥ uddhṛtam 'āttām' bhakṣayetām | 'purā dveṣobhyaḥ' havirmathibhyaḥ piśācādibhyaḥ | 'purā pauruṣeyyā gṛbhaḥ' arvāgiḍāvadānāt, iḍā hi puruṣārthaṃ gṛhyate, prāka tasmāt grahaṇāt | indrāgnī 'ghastāṃ' bhakṣayetāṃ, 'nūnaṃ' niścayena | etasmin 'ghāse' ghasanakāle bhakṣaṇakāle prāpte 'aṅgānām ' anabhibhūtānāṃ rakṣobhiḥ ādareṇa prativiśiṣṭairmantraiḥ sambhṛtānām | athavā 'ghāseaṅgāṇām' ityekaṃ padam | tadāyamarthaḥ,-ghāse hi sati paśavo na jīryanta iti, ghāseaṅgāḥ | 'yavasaprathamānāṃ' yavasaḥ aśanam, tasya anekaprakāramya śreṣṭhatvādetānyeva devatṛptaye prathamāni, teṣāṃ yavasaprathamānām | 'sumatkṣarāṇām' svayamevaitāni bhakṣyamāṇāni svādutvādudaraṃ prati kṣarantīti sumatkṣarāṇi eṣāṃ sumatkṣarāṇām | 'śatarudriyāṇāṃ' bahustutīnām | athavā 'śatarudriyāṇāṃ' bahuśo rugaṇānām | 'abhiṣvāttānām' agnipākena mṛdutvāt svādūkṛtānām | 'pīvopavasanānām' pīvnā chāgena upavastānām, athavā pīvānaṃ chāgamupagamyoṣitānām | “pārśvataḥ” aṅgāt 'avattānām' “śroṇitaḥ” avattānām | “śitāmataḥ” avattānām | 'utsāhataḥ' ca ucchedana
50.2.7
sthānāt ‘aṅgādaṅgāt’ avattānām | ‘karataḥ’ kurutām, indrāgnī ! tṛptim-eteṣām evaṃlakṣaṇānāmavadānānām | he ‘hotaḥ !’ yathaitāvindrāgnī ‘juṣetām’ āsevetām, etat ‘haviḥ’ tathā tvamapi ‘yaja’ || nigamaprasaktamucyate,-“pārśvaṃ parśumayamaṅgaṃ bhavati” | parśavo vaṅkraya ucyante, tanmayaṃ hi tad bhavati pārśvapaṭalakṣaṇam || āha-parśuḥ kasmāt ? ucyate-“parśuḥ spṛśateḥ” || āha-kimanayā spṛṣṭam ? iti| ucyate-“saṃspṛṣṭā pṛṣṭhadeśam” prati bhavati || āha-“pṛṣṭhaṃ” kasmāt ? ucyate-“spṛśateḥ” ( tu0 pa0 ) eva, taddhi “saṃspṛṣṭamaṅgaiḥ” || āha-“aṅgam” kasmāt ? ucyate-“añcanāt” añcitaṃ hi tat kaulena bhavati, gatamityarthaḥ ( bhū0 pa0 ) | “añcanādvā” | añcatirapi gatyartha eva (bhū0 pa0) | dhātvanyatvamarthaikatvam || pārśvaśabdaprasaktānuprasaktamuktam || adhunā śroṇiśabdaṃ nigamaprasaktaṃ nirbravīti,-“śroṇiḥ śroṇateḥ” dhātoḥ “gaticalākarmaṇaḥ” ( bhū0 pa0 ) | gatinimittaṃ calanaṃ yasya karma, so'yaṃ gaticalākarmā, tasya gaticalākarmaṇaḥ | kiṃ kāraṇam ? “śroṇiścalatīva” sthānāt paśoḥ “gacchataḥ” || śitāmaśabdasya tattvamācaṣṭe,-“doḥ śitāma bhavati” bāhurityarthaḥ ||
50.2.8
āha-doḥ kasmāt ? ucyate-“doḥ” “dravateḥ” ( bhū0 pa0) | tasya hi prāṇena paśurdravīti | śritamaṃbhāvena etatkāryye bhavatīti śitāma | yadā dorviṣaye śitāmaśabdaḥ tadaivaṃ nirvaktavyaḥ || āha-kayopapattyā doḥ śitāmaśabdenocyate ? śṛṇu-paśorhi bāhyāni cāvadānāni, ābhyantarāṇi ca bhavantīti | tatra, paśoḥ pārśve śroṇyāvaṃsāviti bāhyāni, jihvāhṛdyakṛdādīni ābhyantarāṇi | tatraivaṃ sati pārśvataḥ śroṇitaḥ-ityetayorbāhyayorantarā varttamānaḥ śitāmaśabdaḥ kimanyaddoṣṇo'bhidadhyāt| prāyo'pi hi niyamako bhavati| evaṃ bāhyāvadānaprāye ca śitāmaśabdo varttate iti dorviṣayaḥ kalpyate || “yoniḥ śitāmaḥ”-“iti” “śākapūṇiḥ” ācāryo manyate | tatra yoniḥ anavadānīyā eva | yonisamānadeśastu gudo nāmāvadānamasti, sa yoniśabdenocyate | sa ca gudaḥ “viṣito bhavati” | ‘viṣḷ vyāptau’ ( ju0 u0 ), vyāptaḥ sa purīṣeṇa bhavati | athavā viṣitamāṃso vipuṣitamāṃsaḥ, vikṣiptamāṃsaḥ, sa bhavati | āha-kayopapattyā śākapūṇirmate yoniḥ śitāmaśabdenocyate ? iti | śṛṇu-sa hi śroṇya- nantaro bhavati, śroṣyanantaraṃ ca śitāmaśabda ucyate, -śroṇitaḥ śitāmata iti | śabdasārūpyamapi ca kiñcidasti, -viṣikto bhavati, śitāmeti | anayopapatyā anena ca śabdasārūpyena yoniḥ śitāma iti śākapūṇirmanyate || "śyāmatau yakṛtaḥ"- "iti" "taiṭikiḥ" ācāryo manyate || yaduktaṃ bhavati śyāmata iti, taduktaṃ bhavati śitāmata iti | evaṃ hi bahutaraṃ śabdasārūpyaṃ lakṣyate evaṃ ca sati yakṛta etadavadānaṃ coditaṃ syāditi gamyate || kiṃ kāraṇam ? taddhi "śyāmaṃ" "śyāyateḥ" ( bhū0 ā0 ) dhātoḥ, taddhi samparkādupapadyate ||
50.2.9
āha-"yakṛt" kasmāt ? ucyate-taddhi mṛdutvāt "yathā kathā ca" ayatnenaiva "kṛtyate" chidyata ityarthaḥ || "śitimāṃsato medastaḥ"- "iti" "gālavaḥ" ācāryo manyate | śvetānmāṃmāt śitimāṃsataḥ || katamat punastat śvetaṃ māṃsamiti ? ucyate-medastaḥ | tasmāt yaduktaṃ bhavati śitimāṃsata iti, tadevoktaṃ bhavati śitāmata iti | evamapi bahutaraṃ śabdasārūpyamasti || "śitiḥ" "śyateḥ" tanūkaraṇārthasya ( di0 pa0 ), paro hi vivekastejaso medaṃsyevāvatiṣṭhate || "māṃsaṃ" "mānanaṃ vā" ya eva hi mānyo bhavati, tadarthametat saṃskriyate| "mānasaṃ vā" sumanasā hi tadupādīyate | atha vā ya eva hi manasvino bhavanti, tairupadīyate | "mano'smin sīdatīti vā" sarvasyaiva hi māṃse manaḥ sīdati || "medaḥ" "medyateḥ" snehanārthasya || evameṣa śitāmaśabdo'navagatābhidheyo'navagatasaṃskāro'pi | evametasmin prakaraṇe anyānyanavagatasaṃskārāṇi upekṣitavyāni | uktaṃ hi,"śabdarūpaṃ padārthaśca vyutpattiḥ prakṛtirguṇaḥ | sarvametadanekārthe daśānavagame guṇāḥ ||"-iti | katame punaste ? iti-padajātyabhidheyasvarasaṃskāraguṇavibhāgakramavikṣepādhyāhāravyavadhānāni | teṣu cābhidheyamapekṣya nirvacanaṃ karttavyam | ukta hi"dhātūtsargāvayavaguṇasattvaṃ hi dhātujam | bahvekadhātujaṃ vāpi padaṃ nirvācyalakṣaṇam || dhātujaṃ dhātujājjātaṃ samarthārthajameva ca | vākyajaṃ vyatikīrṇaṃ ca nirvācyaṃ pañcadhā padam ||" iti |
50.2.10
(1 ) padajātyanavagatam, —“tva” iti yathā, nāma, nipāto vā ? (2) abhidheyānavagatam,—“śitāma” iti yathā | (3) svarānavagatam,—“vane̱ na vā̱yo”'iti yathā | (4) saṃskārānavagatam,—“īrmāṃntāsaḥ” iti yathā | (5) guṇānavagatam,—“karūlatī” iti yathā | (6) vibhāgānavagatam,—“mehanā” iti yathā | (7) kramānavagatam,—“uparamadhvaṃ me vacase” iti yathā | (8) vikṣepānavagam,—“dyāvāṃ naḥ pṛthivī” iti yathā | (9) adhyāhārānavagatam,—“dānamanaso no manuṣyān” iti yathā | (10) vyavadhānānavagatam,—“vāyuśca niyuttvān”iti yathā | ekamāpa padaṃ padadvitayaṃ kriyate — “puruṣādaḥ, puruṣānadanāya” iti yathā | padadvitayamapi caikaṃ padaṃ kriyate,—“garbhanidhānīṃ sanituḥ” iti yathā | ākhyātamapi ca nāma kriyate,—“sarvāṇīndrasya dhanāni vibhakṣyamāṇāḥ” iti yathā || evameṣu nigameṣu śabdārthasaṅkaro'nekaprakāra upekṣyaḥ, dṛṣṭānuvidhānāt chandāṃsi yathāsambhavamanuvidheyaḥ |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit