Yāska's Nirukta 2: atha tṛtīyo'dhyāyaḥ
Niruktavivaraṇa 2
- Language
- Sanskrit
atha tṛtīyo'dhyāyaḥ
2.p1
tyasya prasavāya ādityoliṣṭe deśe jāyate, evameva rātrispaso'pi janmārthaṃ yoniṃ sthānamavakāśam upasa ātmalābhāyāraik ārecayati dadātītyarthaḥ | yathoṣā ādityasya janmano hetustadvanantartvādiyaṃ rātrirupaso janmano heturityevamasyāmṛci rātrerevāparaḥ kāla upaḥsaṃjñita iti gamyate | sthānaṃ yoniśabdenocyate | yanni yasminnidhīyate rātena sākaṃ yutaṃ bhavati | miśrībhūtamityarthaḥ | iyamapītarā strīyoniratasmādeva | kiṃ kāraṇam ? abhiyuto hi garbha enāṃ bhavati | āmiśrībhūtami- ('la i' mu0 pā0) tyarthaḥ' evaṃ durgeḥ |"
2.p2
grīvā-giratyāhāramanayeti girateḥ | śabdaṃ vā gṛṇāteḥ | gṛhyate vāsyāmiti gṛhṇāteḥ | apikakṣa āsanīti vyākhyātaṃ nigadena | anusantanotīti anumantaivataḥ | tanotinārthapradarśanam | anusantanoti vegamavicchinnaṃ sampādayati | tairvaiteḥ pūrvā-pūrvvo 'bhyām̐saḥ' ityābhyāsalakṣaṇayā prakṛtyā saha, sābhyāsasya nigama ityarthaḥ | 'tanoteḥ' iti tu pāṭhe bahulakṣyam | aṅkāṃsi-aṅkiḥ kauṭilye, kuṭilānītyarthaḥ | panthāḥ-patateḥ pathetervā varṇavyatyayā ākāro nāmakaraṇaḥ | panthateḥ sādṛgyabhūyastvama | saṃdhai'pi gatyarthāḥ | aṅko'vataḥ kauṭilyārthasyeti
2.p3
pūrvavaddhānukaraṇam | malamalāyate'gniriti | yathāprasiddhamarcirādayaḥ śṛṅgāṇoti jvālā evocyante | adhyāyaparisamāptisūcanāya sarvatrābhyāsaḥ śrutau tathā darśanāt | ityācāryamaheśvarakṛtāyāṃ maheśvarakṛtāyāṃ niruktabhāṣyaṭīkāyāṃ saptamo'dhyāyaḥ [ iti saptamasyā (dvitīyasyā-) dhyāyasya saptamaḥ pādaḥ ] [ ityāṣṭāviṃśaḥ khaṇḍaḥ sampūrṇaḥ| ]
2.p4
athaikapadeniruktam | oka iti nivāsanāma, um̐kaiyateriti pāṭhāntaram | āha ca 'oka ucaḥ kai' iti | tadetadagnerabhidhānamadhiṣṭhātrabhiprāyam | athavā karmāṅgatvena saguṇatvārthe mantre grāvavadabhidhānaṃ karmārthamana eva bhaviṣyati | sarvathānyapare mantre janayiturapatyamityetat sūcyate | etāvatā cātra prayojanam | evañca sati-apatya tataḥ, nānena patatītyubhayathāpi nirvacanamaurasābhiprāyam | tacca strīpuṃllakṣaṇamubhayaṃ kimapatyamuta puruṣameveti vipratipatteḥ, mantreṣu cobhayam̐thā darśanādapatyakāryāṇām,
2.p5
gartārohiṇīti tācchīlye kvip 'anyebhyo'pi dṛśyante' iti | gartārohiṇīti bhāṣye tācchīlikenorthapradarśanāt | dakṣiṇājī-dakṣiṇāṃ diśaṃ deśaṃ vā ajitā gatā jātā vā tatra dakṣiṇājī, tasyā apatyaṃ strī dākṣiṇājī | dakṣiṇene vā kitavānāṃ gacchatīti | gartaḥ-sabhāsthāṇurityabhidheyakathanam, akṣanivapanapīṭhaḥ | sabhāsthānamiti pāṭhāntaram | sabhā ca dyūtasabhā kitavasthānam | gṛṇāteriti nirvacanam | satyasaṃgara iti dhātvarthopa-
2.p6
kāraḥ-vahiṃ putramavahiśca striyamiti | tathāpyanya ekaḥ karttā-santānakarmaṇaḥ, tayoḥ sukṛtoḥ śobhanasya karmaṇaḥ keṃtrtoḥ ? kataraḥ ? pumān, tataśca sa dāyāīḥ | anyaḥ-parastu, ṛkthan-vastrāḷaṅkārādidānenārādhyate ca, na ca kevalaṃ dīyate parasmai | kataraḥ ? strī | tataśca sā na dāyorhā | ato'syā anarhatvātna dadāti | jāmiḥ kasmāt ? anye asagotrā asyāṃ janayantīti jāmiḥ | jīnaṃ kṣīṇaṃ putrikāpekṣayā'patyaṃ jāmiḥ | jamatervā syād gatyarthasya | nirgamanaprāyā hi sā bhavati | prāyavacanaṃ putrikābhiprāyaṃ, sā hi na nirgacchati | pitṛkulaṃevāvatiṣṭhata iti | iti maheśvaraviracitāyāṃ niruktabhāṣyaṭīkāyāṃ aṣṭamasyā-(tṛtīyasyā-) dhyāyasya prathamaḥ pādaḥ | [ iti ṣaṣṭhaḥ khaṇḍaḥ ]
2.p7
nanu abhiṣavagrāvāṇaḥ pañca, daśaśabdena bahutvamātrapratipādanapareṇāvayavalakṣaṇayā pañca pratipādyante | kiṃ kurvataḥ ? ucyate, dhuro daśa, prathamātṛtīyārthe, dhūrsthānīyābhirdaśabhiraṅgulībhiḥ | yuktāḥ prathamā dvitīyārthe, yuktān | vahadbhayaḥ vahataḥ, svakarmaṇyabhiṣavākhye vyāpriyamāṇebhyityarthaḥ |
2.p8
evantu vyākhyāyamāne ghoṭo'rūḍhasya vismṛto ghoṭa ityāpadāpadyate | khalaśabdasya saṃgrāmavacanasya nigamapratijñānāt sasyasaṃcayasthānavacanasya ca dṛṣṭāntatvenopanyāsāt pūrveṇottareṇa na saṃgacchate | ato'nyathā vyākhyāyate-abhibhavāmīdaṃ śatrusainyamekameva, yuddhaikarasamityarthaḥ | eko'hamasahāya eva | kathama ? niṣṣāṭ-niṣṣahamāṇaḥ, sahirabhibhave, tena cātra tatpūrvakatvād vadho lakṣyate, niṣpiṣya ghnan | abhī dvā-asmītyanuṣaṅga, dvedhābhūtaunepi sainikān ghaṭodvayasanniveśena vyūḍhasainyaunapi abhyasmi, kimu trayaḥ-kiñca mama
2.p9
vidyuttaḍid bhavatīti śāstrapūṇiḥ | tathā lokaprasiddheḥ | tatrāpi vadhakarmatvamevorarīkṛtya pravṛtta iti darśayati-sā hyavatāḍayati janasya cakṣūṃṣi, yasya copari nipatati hanti ca| dūrācca dadṛśa iti antikanāmatvābhāvaṃ darśayati | apitvidamityādi,apiḥ sambhāvanāyām tuśabdo vadhakarmapakṣāt pakṣāntaraṃ darśayitum, idamiti buddhyādhikaraṇavakṣyamāṇamantraviṣayam, taḍinnīma padānudeśārtham, evaśabdo'vadhāraṇe, abhipretamiti nirvicikitsāvacanam| dūre
2.p10
upādhyāyastvāha-anekārthatvāddhātūnāṃ mahadevārthasya vaktervā vahatervā sābhyāsasyedaṃ rūpam | atyupasargād yogyakriyādhyāhāraḥ, atītya sarvaṃ mahān bhavasītyarthaḥ | vivakṣase ityetasya |
2.p11
tanūtyaktā tātcchīlikastṛn, ayamarthanirdeśaparārthatvādvānirdeśasya vacanenepi vivakṣitam | bahuvaktavyetvaudya kramaprāptamapi taskaraimaitītya ghanagarve nirāha-vanargurvanagāmīti | taskarasannidhānāścāyamartho niścitaḥ | upamā caivaṃ samarthitā bhavati | grāme'raṇye vā taskarādanyatra gāḍhabandhanamapraśastaṃ bhavatīti kanīyasā jyāyāṃsamiti darśayati-praśastāvagnimanthanau bāhū, apraśastābhyāṃ taskarābhyāmiti | taskaraḥ-tatkarotīti, tacchabdena prakaraṇasāmarthyādarthaprādhānyācca pāparkameva nirdiṣṭamabhipretamāha yair pāparkamiti nairuktaḥ-iti | vaiyākaraṇāstu śabdaparatvācca sāmānyenāhuḥ-'taddverhetoḥ karapatyoścoradevatayoḥ suḍāgamastalopeśca' iti |
2.p12
evametadudāharaṇadvayamuktavaikṣyamāṇārthamiti parityajyānantaraṃ 'jāra ā bhaga̍m' bhāṣyakāro vyācikhyāsurāha-ā ityākāra upasargaḥ, ayaṃ kriyāviśeṣakaḥ sa purastādeva ā ityāvīgarthe ityatra vyākhyātaḥ | iha tu nipāta upamārthīyaprakaraṇāt pradarśyate-athāpyupamārthe dṛśyata iti | nipātatve satyuccāvacārthatvādupamārthatvamaviruddham | upasargaṃtve tu kriyāviśeṣakatvam, 'kriyāyoge' iti smaraṇāt |
2.p13
aṅkita eva vahnirgata ityarthaḥ | aṅkanā iti pāṭhāntaram | aṅkyante tairiti | dvayorutpannayoratraiva tṛtīyamṛcchetetyūcurmaharṣayaḥ | tasmādidamabhivyāhārādante'bhavat, tasmādadriḥ | na śraya iti vā, naño nalopena nānye śrayaḥ | evaṃ sambhavāḥ santīti | utpattiprasaṅgādāha-vikhananādṛṣikhānasya vaikhānasaḥ | virūpo nānārūpaḥ, apeyogaiścharyāta, ityaitihāsikāḥ | nityapakṣe tum̐ saitatpravṛttayajñaḥ kaścinmṛjaimānaḥ priyamaidha ucyate tathām̐ bhṛgvādayo'pi yajamānaviśeṣā eva | bhṛguḥ pañcatapaḥprabhṛtinā tapasā bhṛjyamāno'pi na dehe | gārhapatyopāyitvādvitā aṅgāreṣu vasatītyaṅgirāḥ | aṃdanād bhakṣaṇāt kṣapaṇādrāgādīnāṃ doṣāṇāmatriḥ | vividhaṃ khananād vedārthavastūnāṃ vaikhānasaḥ | vairūpyāttapaso virūpaḥ | yathaiteṣāmṛṣīṇām | darśanād ṛṣayaḥ | praskaṇvaḥ kaṇvasya medhāvinaḥ putraḥ | ekavākyatā tu pūrvavadyojanīyeti | ityācāryamaheśvarakṛtāyāṃ niruktaṭīkāyām aṣṭamasyā-[ tṛtīyasyām̐- ] dhyāyasya tṛtīyaḥ pādaḥ | [ saptadaśaśca khaṇḍaḥ samāptaḥ | ]
2.p14
dabhrāṇi-alpāni, uttaratra romaśravaṇād romāṇi, manyathāḥ-maṃsthā ityarthaḥ | sarvāhmasmi bhavāmi varte | romaśā-upasthakakṣādiṣu sthāneṣu romavatī jātetyarthaḥ | ataḥ sambhogayogyāṃ satīṃ kiṃ māmupekṣasa ityarthaḥ | asyopamā-gandhārīṇāmivāvikā-gandhāra iti uttarāpathe kvacid deśābhidhānam | ato gandhārīṇāṃ sambandhinīti tatra jātā avikā, uraṇikā| sā hyatiśayasūkṣmadīrghaghanamṛdurāmā, setra | athavā puṃsaḥsakāśāt striyābhigamyamānatvād gamiti garma ucyate, gaṃ dhārayatīti garbhiṇī strī | avikā-ityaveteḥ prītyarthasya, prītikaratvādupastha ucyate | yathā garbhiṇīnāmupastho romaśastadvadityarthaḥ | sa hi tāsāṃ samācāraḥ, yad garbhiṇyaḥ striyo romāṇi notkhidantīti | tattvetaneyārtham |
2.p15
śunaḥśepo yūpe baddho viśvān devānāha-namo mahadbhyaḥ-vṛddhebhyo yuṣmabhyaṃ namaḥ, arbhakebhyaḥ-bālebhyo namaḥ, yuvabhyaḥ-taruṇebhyo namaḥ, āśinebhyaḥ-'aśū vyāptau' ityasyedaṃ rūpam, vyāptṛbhyaḥ| palitānāṃ kārtṛṇyavṛddhatvalakṣaṇayordvayorapi vayasorvyāptṛtvādāśinā āsannapalitau madhyamavayo'vasthā ucyante | kuta etat ? vayo'dhikārāt | madhyamasya vayaso-
2.p16
niruktamantrabhāṣyārthapūrvavṛttisamuccayaḥ | .........'mantreṇa racitaḥ sūnunā pitṛśarmaṇaḥ || [ ityācāryamaheśvaraviracitāyāṃ niruktabhāṣyaṭīkāyām aṣṭamasyā-(tṛtīyasyā-) dhyāyasya dvāviṃśaḥ khaṇḍaḥ| aṣṭamo-(tṛtīyo-) 'dhyāyaśca samāptaḥ | ]
2.p17
jahetyasya padasya pratijñātāthropapādanārthaṃ prathamaṃ tāvat pūrvā ṛgarthe vyākhyāyate | triśoka indramāhamā na̱ eka̍sminnāga̍si̱ mā dvayo̍ru̱ta triṣu̍ | va̱dhīrmā śūra̱ bhūri̍ṣu || māśabdo vadhīrityetena sambadhyate | naḥ-asmān, ekasminnāgasi-aparādhe, mā na dvayoḥ, uta triṣu mā vadhīḥ mā hiṃsīrityarthaḥ | mā ca he śūra ! bhūriṣu bahuṣu vibheyā hi, vibhemi hi | tvadvaitaḥ-'cetuprakaraṇe yuṣmadasmadośchandasi sādṛśya upasaṃkhyānam' iti vatupratyayaḥ tena tvatsadṛśādityarthaḥ | ugrān-aprasadyāta krūrādvā, abhiprebhidbhinnaḥ-abhiprabhaṅguḥ śatrūṇām, dasmānupakṣapayituśca, aṃham̐tīpahaḥ-gantṛtvorhataḥ senānāmabhibhaviturityarthaḥ| yata evamato bravīmi 'mā saṃhaṃsuḥ'-māśabda āvida ityetena sambadhyate | sakhyuḥ-mitrasya, śūnam pravṛddham, kiṃ tat ? sāmarthyāt pāpam, pāpaparyāya airghaṃ vā śūnam | āvide ābhimukhyena mā jñāsiṣam | mā ca putrasya | prabhūvaso-prabhūtadhana ! kiñca āvṛttatvādāvṛtāvṛttistayā tadvata, āvṛttirmadityarthaḥ | bhūtu-chāndasatvād vikaraṇābhāvaḥ | asmān prati sarpi devaprasādaparaṃ bhavatu, te-tava, manaḥ | evamukta indrastaṃ sopālambhaṃ pratyāha-ko nu, kaḥ praśne, 'nuṃ ityupālambhe, pādapūraṇo vā he maryā ! manuṣyāḥ ! athavā kā+u=ko lakāraiḥ padapūraṇaḥ, maryādāvido'pi maryādā-
2.p18
atra-maryādābhidhānaṃ vā syāt-iyaṃ maryādā abhidhānamuktama | tadayuktama, prathamābahuvacanāntaṃ hīdamāmantritam, na tu dāvantamekavacanāntama, maryā abhyadhita iti savarṇadīrghatvaprasaṅgāt | anudāttasya cāmantritatvāsambhavācca doṣaḥ, chāndasatvādubhayaṃ bhaviṣyati | anye tu śākhāntarābhiprāyaṃ manyante |
2.p19
maryādā maryādovibhāgaḥ-maryādā nāma-pūrvasyā bhūmerantaḥ, mriyate sā tatreti maryā, ādiḥ parabhūmerādambhaḥ, maryā cādiśca maryādī, tau yena yasmin vā pradeśe vibhajyete, sa maryādovibhāgaḥ | sa maryāyā rcādinā ca yogāt | maryādāmaryādinoḥ-iti pāṭhe vrīhyādidarśanādiniḥ | maryādinā tadvatorgrāmayorvibhāgo vā |
2.p20
apākamiti nyāyaprāptavacanama, apāpako hi na hanyate | tathā hite ityarthaprāptavacanameva, ata eva hi palāyatinābhihitama |
2.p21
nidhetyanantaramanavagatasaṃskārama, tasya pāśyā bhavatīti paryāyeṇābhidheyakathanam | yad yasminvidhīyate sthāpyate mṛgapakṣigrahaṇāya iti nirvacanam | abhidheyaprasaktaṃ nirāhapāśyo pāśasamūhaḥ, samūhārthe pāśaudibhya iti yaḥ | pāśyā jālam, pāśyānuprasaṅgāt pāśaṃ nirāha-pāśaḥ pāśayateḥ bandhanārthād vipāśanāt | tena vividhe mṛgaḥ pakṣī vā badhyate | nigamaḥ[ iti navamasyā-( caturthasyā- ) dhyāyasya dvitīyaḥ khaṇḍaḥ | ]
2.p22
adriḥ āhaṇāti vidārayati anena somamidaṃ gadādri vā | api vātteḥ syād bhakṣaṇārthasya | adrayo hyabhiṣavakāle somamadanti | tathāca mantre'pi 'somādo'
2.p23
gadha iti dhananāma | kimarthametaducyate paṭhitamevaṃ hyetaducyate prasaṅgena nirvacanapradarśanārtham | rādhnuvanti sādhayanti etena dharmārdīn puruṣārthāniti | tanmattvaṃ vittadhana labdhadhanetyarthaḥ | ubhausamupalam̐bdhau bhavataḥ | ‘ubha umbha pūraṇe’ | saṃpūritau paraspareṇa | ubhaśabdasya hi dvigataṃ sāhitya mityarthaḥ | yo yaśca sāhityasaṃpūritau paraspareṇa bhavataḥ |
2.p24
raṇaum̐ya ramaṇīyāyeti | ramaṇīya̍śam̐bdopām̐dānaṃ raṇaśabdasya nirvacanapradarśanārtham | jetre̍yam̐ jayatermāyetyarthaḥ | arthaprāptavacanaṃ cedam | saṃgrāmārtho hi mada ihopāttaḥ | jayakam̐raiśca madaḥ saṃgrāmārthe bhavati na saṃmohakaraḥ | madhu somamityaupamikam | upamāprayuktaṃ madhusādṛśyāt drutyaudo | madhu somaṃ maudyateḥ | vināpi caim̐ śabdena some madhuśabdasya pravṛttinimittāntaravacanametat | mādyatervā madhu
2.p25
jāmyatirekanāma | atiricyata ityatirekaḥ punaruktamucyate tasya nāma punarjñāyamānatvāt | udāharaṇam | 'atha yadasannayat puroḍāśāvantareṇopāṃśvānyasya yajatyajāmitayā' iti | tathā 'jāmi vā etad yajñe kriyate yadanvañcau puroḍāśau' iti | bāliśasya vā apratikāryeṣu mugdhaḥ śeta iti bāliśo mūrkhastasya vā nāma | sa hi jāta eva kevalaṃ na kasmaicit puruṣārthāyālam | tatra nigamaḥ paryeṣyaiḥ | samānajātīyasyopajanaḥ | anye
2.p26
kvacittu śaṃyorityevaṃrūpamevaikam | tatpradarśanāya athāpi śaṃyurityādi | śaṃyurnāma bṛhaspateḥ putra iti so'pi śaṃyorityanenocyate 'tacchaṃyorāvṛṇīmahe' ityatra | prasaṅgenedaṃ śrutisārūpyāt bhinnārūpasyāpi śaṃyorityekapadasyārthavacanam | ekapadatvamekodāttatvāt | abhyasyata evaiko yo nityamudāttaḥ | ādiritu śamityanudāttaḥ |