Γεωγραφικά 2.1.24

2.1.24

̔ο μὲν δὴ οὕτως φησὶ τὴν τρίτην μερίδα τυπωδῶς ἀποδίδοσθαι μυρίων σταδίων ἀπὸ Κασπίων πυλῶν ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην, κατὰ μέρος δὲ διαιρῶν, ὡς ἀναγεγραμμένην εὗρε τὴν μέτρησιν οὕτω τίθησιν, ἔμπαλιν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ Εὐφράτου ποιησάμενος καὶ τῆς κατὰ Θάψακον διαβάσεως αὐτοῦ. μέχρι μὲν δὴ τοῦ Τίγριδος, ὅπου Ἀλέξανδρος διέβη, σταδίους χιλίους καὶ τετρακοσίους γράφει· ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἑξῆς τύπους διὰ Γαυγαμήλων καὶ τοῦ Λύκου καὶ Ἀρβήλων καὶ Ἐκβατάνων, ᾗ Δαρεῖος ἐκ τῶν Γαυγαμήλων ἔφυγε μέχρι Κασπίων πυλῶν, τοὺς μυρίους ἐκπληροῖ, τριακοσίοις μόνον πλεονάσας. τὸ μὲν δὴ βόρειον πλευρὸν οὕτω καταμετρεῖ, οὐ παράλληλον τοῖς ὄρεσι θεὶς οὐδὲ τῇ διὰ στηλῶν καὶ Ἀθηνῶν καὶ Ῥόδου γραμμῇ· ἡ γὰρ Θάψακος πολὺ τῶν ὀρῶν ἀφέστηκε, συμπίπτει δὲ καὶ τὸ ὄρος καὶ ἡ ἀπὸ Θαψάκου ὁδὸς ἐπὶ τὰς Κασπίους πύλας. καὶ τά γε προσάρκτια μέρη τοῦ ὅρου ταῦτʼ ἐστίν.

It is in this general kind of description of the third section that Eratosthenes supposes 10,000 stadia from the Caspian Gates to the Euphrates. This he again divides according to former admeasurements which he found preserved. Starting from the point where the Euphrates passes near to Thapsacus, he computes from thence to the place where Alexander crossed the Tigris 2400 stadia. The route thence through Gaugamela, the Lycus, Arbela, and Ecbatana, whither Darius fled from Gaugamela to the Caspian Gates, makes up the 10,000 stadia, which is only 300 stadia too much. Such is the measure of the northern side given by Eratosthenes, which he could not have supposed to be parallel to the mountains, nor yet to the line drawn from the Pillars of Hercules through Athens and Rhodes. For Thapsacus is far removed from the mountains, and the route from Thapsacus to the Caspian Gates only falls in with the mountains at that point. Such is the boundary on the northern side.