Quintus Curtius Rufus, History of Alexander 8.11

8.11.1

Hinc Polypercon ad urbem Horam cum exercitu missus inconditos oppidanos proelio vicit: intra munimenta conpulsos secutus urbem in dicionem redegit.

Polypercon being despatched hence with an army to the city of Nora, defeated the undisciplined multitude which he encountered, and pursuing them within their fortifications compelled them to surrender the place. Into the king's own hands there fell many inconsiderable towns, deserted by their inhabitants who had escaped in time with their arms and seized a rock called Aornis. A report was current that this stronghold had been in vain assaulted by Hercules, who had been compelled by an earthquake to raise the siege. The rock being on all sides steep and rugged, Alexander was at a loss how to proceed, when there came to him an elderly man familiar with the locality accompanied by two sons, offering, if Alexander would make it worth his while, to show him a way of access to the summit. Alexander agreed to give him eighty talents, and, keeping one of his sons as a hostage, sent him to make good his offer. Mullinus (Eumenes ?), the king's secretary, was put in command of the light-armed men, for these, as had been decided, were to climb to the summit by a detour, to prevent their being seen by the enemy.

8.11.2

Multa ignobilia oppida deserta a suis venere in regis potestatem. Quorum incolae armati petram Aornum nomine occupaverunt. Hanc ab Hercule frustra obsessam esse terraeque motu coactum absistere fama.

8.11.3

vulgaverat. Inopem consilii Alexandrum, quia undique praeceps et abrupta rupes erat, senior quidam peritus locorum cum duobus filiis adiit, si pretium operae esset, aditum se monstraturum esse promittens.

8.11.4

LXXX talenta constituit daturum Alexander et altero ex iuvenibus obside retento ipsum ad exequenda, quae obtulerat, dimisit.

8.11.5

Leviter armatis dux datus est Myllinas, scriba regis. Hos enim circuitu, quo fallerent hostem, in summum iugum placebat evadere.

8.11.6

Petra non, ut pleraeque, modicis ae mollibus clivis in sublime fastigium crescit, sed in metae maxime modum erecta est, cuius ima spatiosiora sunt, altiora in artius coeunt, summa in acutum cacumen exurgunt.

This rock does not, like most eminences, grow up to its towering top by gradual and easy acclivities, but rises up straight just like the meta, which from a wide base tapers off in ascending till it terminates in a sharp pinnacle. The river Indus, here very deep and enclosed between rugged banks, washes its roots. In another quarter are swamps and craggy ravines ; and only by filling up these could an assault upon the stronghold be rendered practicable. A wood which was contiguous the king directed to be cut down. The trees where they fell were stripped of their leaves and branches which would otherwise have proved an impediment to their transport. He himself threw in the first trunk, whereupon followed a loud cheer from the army, a token of its alacrity, no one refusing a labour to which the king was the first to put his hand. Within the seventh day they had filled up the hollows, and then the king directed the archers and the Agrianians to struggle up the steep ascent. He selected besides from his personal staff thirty of the most active among the young men, whom he placed under the command of Charus and Alexander. The latter he reminded of the name which he bore in common with himself.

8.11.7

Radices eius Indus amnis subit, praealtus, utrimque asperis ripis: ab altera parte voragines eluviesque praeruptae sunt. Nec alia expugnandi patebat via, quam ut replerentur.

8.11.8

Ad manum silva erat: quam rex ita caedi iussit, ut nudi stipites iacerentur: quippe rami fronde vestiti inpedissent ferentes. Ipse primus truncam arborem iecit, clamorque exercitus , index alacritatis, secutus est nullo detrectante munus, quod rex occupavit.

8.11.9

Sic intra septimum diem cavernas expleverant, cum rex sagittarios et Agrianos iubet per ardua niti. Iuvenesque promptissimos ex sua cohorte xxx delegit:

8.11.10

duces his dati sunt Charus et Alexander, quem rex nominis, quod sibi cum eo commune esset, admonuit. Ac primo, quia tam manifestum periculum erat, ipsum regem discrimen subire non placuit,

And at first, because the peril was so palpable, a resolution was passed that the king should not hazard his safety by taking part in the assault. But when the trumpet sounded the signal, the audacious prince at once turned to his body-guards, and bidding them to follow was the first to assail the rock. None of the Macedonians then held back, but all spontaneously left their posts and followed the king. Many perished by a dismal fate, for they fell from the shelving crags and were engulfed in the river which flowed underneath — a piteous sight even for those who were not themselves in danger. But when reminded by the destruction of their comrades what they had to dread for themselves, their pity changed to fear, and they began to lament not for the dead but for themselves.

8.11.11

sed ut signum tuba datum est, vir audaciae promptae conversus ad corporis custodes sequi se iubet primusque invadit in rupem. Nec deinde quisquam Macedonum substitit, relictisque stationibus sua sponte regem sequebantur.

8.11.12

Multorum miserabilis fuit casus, quos ex praerupta rupe lapsos amnis praeterfluens hausit, triste spectaculum etiam non periclitantibus: cum vero alieno exitio, quid ipsis timendum foret, admonerentur, in metum misericordia versa non extinctos, sed semetipsos deflebant.

8.11.13

Et iam eo perventum erat, unde sine pernicie nisi victores redire non possent, ingentia saxa in subeuntes provolventibus barbaris, quis perculsi instabili et lubrico gradu praecipites recidebant.

And now they had attained a point whence they could not return without disaster unless victorious, for as the barbarians rolled down massive stones upon them while they climbed, such as were struck fell headlong from their insecure and slippery positions. Alexander and Charus, however, whom the king had sent in advance with the thirty chosen men, reached the summit, and had by this time engaged in a hand-to-hand fight; but since the barbarians discharged their darts from higher ground, the assailants received more wounds than they inflicted. So then Alexander, mindful alike of his name and his promise, in fighting with more spirit than judgment, fell pierced with many darts. Charus, seeing him lying dead, made a rush upon the enemy, caring for nothing but revenge. Many received their death from his spear and others from his sword. But as he was single-handed against overwhelming odds, he sank lifeless on the body of his friend.

8.11.14

Evaserant tamen Alexander et Charus, quos cum XXX delectis praemiserat rex, et iam pugnare comminus coeperant: sed cum superne tela barbari ingererent, saepius ipsi feriebantur quam vulnerabant.

8.11.15

Ergo Alexander et nominis sui et promissi memor, dum acrius quam cautius dimicat, confossus undique obruitur.

8.11.16

Quem ut Charus iacentem conspexit, ruere in hostem omnium praeter ultionem inmemor coepit multosque hasta, quosdam gladio interemit: sed cum tot unum incesserent manus, super amici corpus procubuit exanimis.

8.11.17

Haud secus, quam par erat, promptissimorum iuvenum ceterorumque militum interitu commotus rex signum receptui dedit.

The king, duly affected by the death of these heroic youths and the other soldiers, gave the signal for retiring. It conduced to the safety of the troops that they retreated leisurely, preserving their coolness, and that the barbarians, satisfied with having driven them down hill, did not close on them when they withdrew. But, though Alexander had resolved to abandon the enterprise, deeming the capture of the rock hopeless, he still made demonstrations of persevering with the siege, for by his orders the avenues were blocked, the towers advanced, and the working parties relieved when tired. The Indians, on seeing his pertinacity, by way of demonstrating not only their confidence but their triumph, devoted two days and nights to festivity and beating their national music out of their drums. But on the third night the rattle of the drums ceased to be heard. Torches, however, which, as the night was dark, the barbarians had lighted to make their flight safer down the precipitous crags, shed their glare over every part of the rocks.

8.11.18

Saluti fuit, quod sensim et intrepidi se receperunt, et barbari hostem depulisse contenti non institere cedentibus.

8.11.19

Ceterum Alexander cum statuisset desistere incepto — quippe nulla spes potiundae petrae offerebatur —, tamen speciem ostendit in obsidione perseverantis.

8.11.20

Nam et itinera obsideri iussit et turres admoveri et fatigatis alios succedere. Cuius pertinacia cognita Indi per biduum quidem ac duas noctes cum ostentatione non fiduciae modo, sed etiam victoriae epulati sunt tympana suo more pulsantes:

8.11.21

tertia vero nocte tympanorum quidem strepitus desierat audiri, ceterum ex tota petra faces refulgebant, quas accenderant barbari, ut tutior esset ipsis fuga obscura nocte per invia saxa cursuris.

8.11.22

Rex Balacro, qui specularetur, praemisso cognoscit petram fuga Indorum esse desertam.

The king learned from Balacrus, who had been sent forward to reconnoitre, that the Indians had fled and abandoned the rock. He thereupon gave a signal that his men should raise a general shout, and he thus struck terror into the fugitives as they were making off in disorder. Then many, as if the enemy were already upon them, flung themselves headlong over the slippery rocks and precipices and perished, while a still greater number, who were hurt, were left to their fate by those who had descended without accident. Although it was the position rather than the enemy he had conquered, the king gave to this success the appearance of a great victory by offering sacrifices and worship to the gods. Upon the rock he erected altars dedicated to Minerva and Victory. To the guides who had shown the way to the light-armed detachment which had been sent to scale the rock he honourably paid the stipulated recompense, even although their performance had fallen short of their promises. The defence of the rock and the country surrounding was entrusted to Sisocostus.

8.11.23

Tum dato signo, ut universi conclamarent, inconposite fugientibus metum incussit: multique, tamquam adesset hostis, per lubrica saxa perque invias cotes praecipitati occiderunt, plures aliqua membrorum parte mulcati ab integris deserti sunt.

8.11.24

Rex locorum magis quam hostium victor tamen magnae victoriae speciem sacrificiis et cultu deum fecit. Arae in petra locatae sunt Minervae Victoriae.

8.11.25

Ducibus itineris, quo subire iusserat leviter armatos, etsi promissis minora praestiterant, pretium cum fide redditum est, petrae regionisque ei adiunctae Sisocosto tutela permissa.