The Historical Inscriptions of Southern India (collected till 1923) and Outlines of Political History c9: Genealogical Tables

The Historical Inscriptions of Southern India (collected till 1923) and Outlines of Political History c9

Language: English

c9.s1 Early North India — 8 parts
c9.s2 Dynasties of South India — 75 parts

Genealogical Tables

Early North India

Saiśunāga Dynasty of Magadha

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He was succeeded in turn by Kākavarṇa, Kṣēmadharma, Kṣattraujas or Kṣatrajit, and Bimbisāra

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Bimbisāra 543-500 B.C { alias Śrēṇika, or Sēṇiya. Md. princesses of the Kōsala and Lichchavi families. Murdered by his son. }

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Udayin or Udaya, or Udayibhaddha C. 450-417 B.C.

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He was succeeded by Nandivardhana (C. 417-375 B.C.), and he by Mahānandin (C. 375 B.C.).

[N.B. Authorities differ as to the dates of the reigns of the kings down to the end of the Nanda dynasty. The dates here given are taken from the Cambridge History of India, with which, I note, Dr. L. D. Barnett generally agreed. Vincent Smith placed them all about forty years earlier. There is no dispute as to Chandragupta's initial date, 322-21 B.C.]

Nanda Dynasty

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Mahānandin's illegitimate son Mahāpadma Nanda usurped the throne of Magadha about 371 B.C.

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He was succeeded by nine kings, all included in two generations. The dynasty was rooted out by the Maurya Chandragupta in 322-21 B.C.

Maurya Dynasty

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Chandragupta was a man of mixed birth, the illegitimate son of a Nanda Prince by a woman of the people. In the troubles following Alexander's invasion he collected troops, fought the Macedonian garrisons and acquired extensive power. Then he turned against Nandas, killed the last king of that line, and finally established his authority over the greater part of Northern India from about 322-21 B.C.

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[Figure: Chandragupta 322/21--296 B.C.

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Bindusāra { 'Amitraghāta,' 296-268 B.C. Extended his rule far to the south. }

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Aśoka. 268-226 B.C. He was crowned 264 B.C. (Hultzsch)

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(a son)

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Daśaratha (ruling Eastern Provinces) Samprati (ruling Western Provinces)]

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Several kings of the Maurya dynasty followed the grandsons of Aśoka but little is known about them. The Empire broke up in 184 B.C. when the Andhra kings of the Telingana country and others had acquired power. The last Maurya king Brihadratha was killed in 185 B.C. by his general Pushyamitra, who usurped the throne and founded a new but short-lived dynasty.

Sunga Dynasty

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[Figure: Pushyamitra { 184-148 B.C. Claims to have defeated the Andhra king, Yajna-Śri-Sātakarni in 170 B.C. }

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Agnimitra 148-140 B.C.

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Sujyēshtha C. 140-133 B.C. Vasumitra C. 133-123 B.C.]

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Five successors are named but their relationships and dates are not definitely established. The last king of the line was Dēvabhūmi (82-72 B.C.). He was killed, in the carrying out of a plot against him, by his minister Vāsudēva, who founded the Kānva dynasty.

Kanva Dynasty

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[Figure: Vāsudēva C. 72-63 B.C.

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Bhūmimitra { C. 63-49 B.C. The Śakas were now in great force in Upper India }

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Nārāyaṇa C. 49-37 B.C.

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Suśarman { C. 37-27 B.C. He was killed by an Andhra king. }]

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The Śakas then swept the dynasty out of existence, and the Kushan dynasty then founded which lasted till about 124 A.D.

Kushan Dynasty

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It seems useless at present to attempt to fix dates for the individual kings of this dynasty, as authorities differ widely on the subject; but it is advisable to give some notion to guide readers, and I have noted against some of the kings' names, dates which have received support from some quarters. At the same time it must be noted that Dr. Sten Konow's fixture for Kanishka's accession is about A.D. 125 or later.

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After Huvishka the Kushan rule ceased for a time. See Fleet (J.R.A.S., 1912, p. 1009). Vasudēva ruled c. A.D. 17-41. In his day Gondophares was ruling Bactria. Kozulo-Kadphises, c. A.D. 45-85 (Fleet's date for him is A.D. 65). In his time the Yuch-chi hordes overran Afghanistan and Gandhara. His son Wima-Kadphises, c. A.D. 85-125. Sent an Embassy to Rome in A.D. 99.

Saka Satraps of Mahārāshtra

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A line of Śaka Satraps established themselves as rulers in the country about the Western Ghāts, with capital at or near Nasik. The names of only two are known—Bhūmaka and Nahapāna. Nahapāna was completely defeated by the Āndhra king Gautamiputra-Vilivāyakura II about A.D. 124, and his kingdom annexed.

The Śaka Dynasty

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These rulers called themselves at first 'Satraps' or 'Kshatrapas'. Afterwards they were further dignified by the title 'Mahākshatrapa'. This line of kings was quite distinct from the Mahārāshtra Kshatrapas (Cf: Bombay Gazetteer I, Part I, Gujarat, p. 20 ff., and p. 54)

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After A.D. 300 the old line ceased to exist.

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¹ J.R.A.S. 1913, pp. 914 f.

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² This ought to be 130 corresponding to 52 of the Andhau inscription—*Fleet*.

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21. Rudrasimha II, ‘son of Jīvadāman.’ A.D. 308, 311, 317 (E.I. xvi. 230).
22. Yaśodāman II, A.D. 320
23. Dāmasiri, his brother A.D. 320.
24. Rudrasena III, ‘son of Rudradāman.’ A.D. 348-376.
25. Simhasena, ‘sister’s son of Rudrasena’ III. Ruled as Western Kshatrapa. c. A.D. 382.
26. Rudrasena IV ‘son of Simhasena.’
27. Satyasimha, c A.D. 388, and his son Rudrasimha III

Dynasties of South India

Adigaiman Chief

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Also called ‘Adigan’, or ‘Adiyamān’, or ‘Adiyan’. Ruled the tract in N. of Salem district and S Mysore with capital at Tagadūr, modern Dharmapuri. Very little is known about them.

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An early Chera king is said to have conquered the Adiyamān and taken Tagadūr. An Adiyan fought against the Pāndya king Nedunjadaiyan, in alliance with the Pallava and Kerala kings--when there were battles at Āyiraveli, Ayirūr, and Pugaliyūr Another Adiyan fought against the Chōla king.

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One of the Adigaimāns was named Elini alias Yavanikā. Another was Vagan, or Rājarāja, whose son was Vidugādalagiya-Perumāl, alias Vyāmukta-Śravanōjjvala (E. R. 1906, §34; E. I. VI, 331). He was subordinate to the Chōla king Kulottunga Chola III (1178-1216), and a contemporary of the Sengēni chief Ammaiyappan-Attimallan Sambuvarāya (1171-1210). He was alive in A.D. 1198-1200. He was called ‘Lord of Takata’ i. e. Tagadūr, and is said to have ruled over the three rivers, Pālār, Southern Pennār, and Kāvēri. He made compacts with the Sambuvarāya chief and with Karikāla Chola-Adaiyūr-Nādālvān—, that the three chiefs would keep the peace, and not (as was their previous custom) fight against one another (E. I. VI, 332; E. R. 3, 107, 115 of 1900). Elini or Yavanikā is said to have been of royal Chera birth.

Adil Shāhs of Bijāpūr

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Agha Murād or Amurāth II of Anatolia. 1. Abul Muzaffar Yusuf Ādil Shāh. Subordinate to the Bāhmanī sovereign. Defeated Immaḍi Narasimha of Vijayanagar in 1493, and plundered his country. 2. Ismāil Ādil independent, 1510-1534. Dau : (Md. Ahmad Shāh Bāhmanī). Dau : (Md. Burhān Nizām Shāh of Ahmadnagar). 3. Malū Ādil 1534-1535, deposed and blinded. 4. Ibrahim Ādil I A.D. 1535-1557 Dau : (Md. Alāu-d-dīn Imād Shāh of Birār). Ali Ādil I 5. 1557-1580. Murdered by an eunuch. 11th April, 1580. Tahmasp 6. Ibrāhīm Ādil II 1580-1626. Ismāil. 7. Muhammad Ādil 1626-1656, Revolt of Sivaji the Mahratta leader. Dau : (Md. Prince Dānyāl, son of the Mughal Emperor Akbar). 8. Ali Ādil II 1656-1672. He lost all the Konkan country to the Mahrattas. 9. Sikandar 1672-1686. An infant at his succession. Aurangzib seized Bijāpūr, September 12, 1686 and annexed the country.

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No. 7. Muhammad Ādil by 1654 had conquered part of S. India as far south as Tanjore. He seized Mysore and adjacent provinces from Ranga VI of Vijayanagar, c. 1645.

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AHMADNAGAR Rulers of—, See Nizam Shāhs.

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AHMADĀBĀD Rulers of—, See Barīd Shāhs.

Alupa, Alva, Aluva Princes

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A line of rulers from the 7th to the 11th centuries A.D., who had their headquarters at Paṭṭi-Pombuchcha, modern Humcha, in the Nagar Taluk of Shimoga District, Mysore State. Their tract is called in old records the ‘Āluvakhēḍa 6,000.’ It is mentioned as late as the 12th century in an inscription of the time of Hoysala Viṣṇuvardhana. Dr. Hultzsch states that the name is probably derived from the Dravidian Aḷ ‘to rule,’ e. g. Koṅgāḷvas, Chaṅgāḷvas, Nāḍāḷvas (See Mr. Krishna Sastri’s remarks in *Arch. Ann. Report* for 1907-08, *p.* 238. *n.* 4).

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Guṇasāgara ¹ Governed Kadamba-maṇḍala, or Banavāsi province in or before the reign of Chāḷukya Vinayāditya A.D. 680-697.

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¹ *E. C. VI*, Kp. 38.

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Chitravāhana II ² A.D. 692. Chitravāhana I ³ Time of Rāshṭrakūṭa Gōvinda III. Seized Udiyavāra in N. Kanara. Ousted by Raṇasāgara. Raṇasāgara ³ Driven out by Svētavāhana. Svētavāhana ³ Prithvīsāgara ⁴ ‘Udayāditya’, ‘Uttama Pāṇḍya.’ Vijayāditya Māramma ⁵ ‘Uttama Pāṇḍya.’ Kavi Aḷupēndra Bhujabala ⁶ Kuluśēkhara-Aḷupēndra A.D. 1205/6 Bankidēva Aḷupēndra Resided at Mangalore. A.D. 1302/3 Sōyidēva Aḷupēndra A.D. 1315/16, 1324/25

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² *E. I. IX*, 18-24; *E. C. VII*, Sb. 10.

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³ *E. I. IX* 19f., No. VII.

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⁴ *I. A. XIX*, 147; *E. C. VI*, Kp, 37.

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⁵ *E. I. IX*, 19f. Nos. IV, V.

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⁶ *E. R. 1901*, p. 5.

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AMARĀVATI CHIEFS, SEE KOTA CHIEFS

Andhra Kings

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Sātavāhana or Sātakarṇi kings. Originally chiefs of a tribe in the neighbourhood of the Vindhya hills. Aśōka's rock-edict XIII. c. B.C. 250 mentions them as ruling a country beyond his borders. Khārāvēla's inscription of 168 B.C. in the Hāthigumpha cave (I.A. 1920, p. 43, vol. XLII, 276, 281) says that the Āndhra kingdom lay to the West of Kalinga (See I. Ramadas's Monograph in I.A. April 1923). The ancient Kalinga kings were Jains. The Āndhras were Buddhists. The latter rose to great power on the decay of Aśōka's one time, about the second century B.C., extended almost all across India as far as Nasik. An inscription discovered as Kodavalu near Piṭhāpūr, Godavari district, shews that at least about A.D. 208 the Āndhras were ruling that country. The Amarāvati Stupa with its wonderful marble sculptures, the Gaṇṭupalle cave-group, and many Buddhist stupas about the Godavari and Kistna tracts were the work of the Āndhras. The relationship of successive kings to one another is not clearly known.

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The dates given here are taken from Vincent Smith's 'Early History of India', pp. 183 f., with which generally Dr. Barnett concurs (Antiquities of India).¹

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¹ The given dates are not all certain. The Matsya, Vāyu, and Brahma Purāṇas give lists of the kings, but differ here and there in their statements of lengths of reigns. Vincent Smith has attempted to reconcile them. Between Nos. 4 and 5 the Matsya Purāṇa interpolates 'Śrīvasvāti, alias Skandasthambi. No. 15 is omitted by Fergusson and Burgees.

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| | | | Approx. dates of accessions. |
| 1. | *Śimuka* (or, variously, Śisuka, Sipraka, Sindhuka) Sātakarṇi. 23 years | ... | B.C. 220 |
| 2. | *Kaṇha*, or *Kṛiṣhṇa*. Brother of No. 1, 18 years. His rule extended across India from the West of Kalinga to Nasik | ... | 197 |
| 3. | *Yajña-Śri Sātakarṇi*, or *Śrīmallakarṇi*, or *Śāntakarṇa*. 10 years. Defeated by Agnimitra of Magadha about 170, B.C (Dr. Barnett holds that the ultimate end was an Āndhra success). | ... | 179 |
| 4. | *Pūrṇōtsaṅga*. 18 years. The Kalinga king Khārāvēla's war in the West, 169, B.C. (I.A. 1920, p. 43). | ... | 169 |
| 5. | *Sātakarṇi*. 40 years | ... | 151 |
| 6. | *Lambodara*. 18 years | ... | 111 |
| 7. | *Apīṭaka*, or Apilaka, or Ivilaka. 12 years | ... | 93 |
| 8. | *Saṅgha*, or Mēghasvāti. 18 years | ... | 81 |
| 9. | *Sātakarṇi*, or Śātasvāti. 18 years | ... | 63 |
| 10. | *Skandasvāti*, or Skanda Sātakarṇi. 7 years | ... | 45 |
| 11. | *Mṛigēndra Sātakarṇi*, or Mahēndra. 3 years | ... | 38 |
| 12. | *Kuntala*, or Svātikarna. 8 years | ... | 35 |
| 13. | *Śata Sātakarṇi*, or Svātikarṇi, or Svātiśhēna. 1 year | ... | 27 |
| 14. | *Pulumāyi I*, or Pulōmāvi, or Paṭumāvi, or Paṭumat. 32 years. One of the three last slew Suśarman the last king of the Kaṇva dynasty of Magadha. 27 B.C. | ... | 26 |
| 15. | *Mēgha Sātakarṇi*. 33 years | ... | A.D. 6 |
| 16. | *Ariṣhṭa Sātakarṇi*, or Ariṣhṭakarṇi, or Nēmi Krishna or Gaura-Krishna, or Gorakṣhāśva Śri. 25 years | ... | 44 |
| 17. | *Hala*, or Hālēya, patron of scholars and poets. 5 years | ... | 71 |
| 18. | *Maṇḍalaka*, or Mantalaka, or Paṭalaka. 5 years | ... | 76 |
| 19. | *Purīndrasēna*, or Purīṣhasēna, or Pravīrasēna. 5 years | ... | 79 |
| 20. | *Sundara Sātakarṇi*. 1 year. Mentioned in the Periplus, The Greeks called him 'Sandanes.' He was in possession of Kalyāṇ. The Śaka Satraps seized some of the northern possessions of the Āndhras | ... | 84 |
| 21. | *Vilivāyakura I*, or Vāsiṣhṭhīputra, or Chakora, or Rājada Sātakarṇi. Six months | ... | 85 |

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22. *Śivālakura*, or Māḍharīputra Śakasēna, or Śivasvāti Śātakarṇi. *Md. Bālāśiri*. 28 years ... A.D. 85

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23. *Vilivāyakura II*, or Gautamīputra Śrī Śātakarṇi, 25 years. Drove out from his western dominions the Śakas, Yavanas and Pahlavas. His *Śaka* enemy, the Kṣatrapa Nahāpāṇa was killed about A.D. 124, and his kingdom annexed (*I.A. 1918, p. 149.*) But a little later the Āndhras were defeated by the Śaka king Caṣṭhana and lost all their territories north of the Narbadda river. Capital, Kolhapur, Ptolemy's 'Hippokoura.' (Dr. Barnett's date for his accession is A.D. 106) ... 113

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24. *Puḷumāyi II*, or Vāsiṣṭhīputra, or Puḷōmat, or Puḍumāyi called by Ptolemy 'Siro Polemaios.' 32 years. Married Dakṣamitrā, daughter of the Śaka Kṣatrapa Rudradāman I. Capital Paiṭhan. Lost to Rudradāman all his western dominions including Kāthiāwār, Kachch, Mālwa, the Konkan, etc., but not Poona or Nasik (Dr. Barnett's date for his accession is A.D. 131)... ... 138

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25. *Śivaśrī*, or Vāsiṣṭhīputra, or Avi-Śātakarṇi. 7 years. (Dr. Barnett places his accession about A.D. 163. He finds that he was living in A.D. 155) ... ... ... 170

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26. *Śivaskanda Śātakarṇi*, or Skandasvāti. 7 years. May be the same as Vāsiṣṭhīputra Candrasāti who, according to Dr. Barnett, was living in A.D. 165 ... ... ... 177

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27. *Yajña Śrī Gautamīputra*. 29 years. Recovered some lost territory; but Poona and Nasik were held by the Chuṭu-Śātakarṇis, a branch of the old royal family (*see below*) who were apparently tributary to the Śaka kings, and ruled at Baṇavāsi; so that his dominions were mostly confined to the Telugu districts and the eastern Dekhan country. ... ... ... 184

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28. *Vijaya-Śrī Śātakarṇi*. 6 years . . . . . 213

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29. *Vaḍa-Śrī*, or Candravijña, or Vāsiṣṭhīputra Candra-Śrī, Śātakarṇi. 10 years ... ... 219

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30. *Puḷumāyi III*, or Puḷomāvi or Puḷōmarchis. 7 years. The Dynasty came to a complete end about A.D. 236. The reason for its collapse is not well known. About the years A.D. 225 to 250 the Pallava king Bappa established a dynasty which ruled from the Kṛṣhṇa river to Kāñchī in the south, while the Kalinga kings held the country to N.-E. ... ... ... 229

Chuṭu Sātakarṇis or Chuṭu-Nāgas

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¹ Chuṭu = a crest, a cobra's hood, a similar name to 'Nāga.' (Prof. Krishnaswami Aiyangar's *Culture*, p. 139.)

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As already mentioned a branch of the Āndhra family established themselves at Banavāsi, Poona and Nasik and became independent about A.D. 200 or later, on the death of Yajña-Śrī Gautamīputra, being tributary to the Śaka Satraps. Only two kings' names are known.

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Hāritīputra-Viṣṇukaḍa Chuṭukulānanda-Śātakarṇi *c.* A.D. 200

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Hāritīputra-Śivaskanda *alias* Śivaskanda-Nāga-Śrī Skanda-Nāga Śātakarṇi Ruled at Baṇavāsi before its seizure by the early Kadambas.

Araviḍu—Family of—

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SEE UNDER VIJAYANAGAR KINGS.

Arcot—Navābs of—

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ANGLICE ‘NABOBS OF ARCOT,’ OR ‘OF THE CARNATIC.’

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1. *Zulfiqār Alī Khān* Created Navāb of the Karnāṭaka country by the Emperor Aurangzīb. A.D. 1690 or 1692–1703.

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2. *Dāūd Khān* Became friendly with the English. A.D. 1703–1710.

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*Agibatti Muhammad Khān*

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3. *Saādat-ullah Khān I.* ‘Muhammad Saiyyid’ created Navāb by the Emperor Bahādur Shāh 1710–1732.

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*Ghūlām Alī Khān* Made Jaghīrdār of Vellore by Saādat-ullāh-Khan.

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4. *Dost Alī Khān* 1732–1740. Adopted by No. 3. His Dewan was Chanda Sahib, who was disloyal and seized Trichinopoly and Madura 1736, 1738. Killed in battle at Dāmalcheruvu.

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*Baqir Alī* Governor of Vellore 1732.

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*Saādat-Alī*

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*Akbar Muhammad*

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*Ghūlām Murtazā Alī* (Md. Dostali’s dau.) Governor of Vellore.

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*Husain* Killed in battle at Dāmalcheruvu.

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5. *Safdar Alī* 1740–1742. Sided with the French. Murdered by Ghūlām Murtazā Alī.

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*Dau. Md. Ghūlām* *Murtazā Alī.*

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*Dau. Md. Taqī* *Sahib of Wandewash.*

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*Dau. Md. Chanda* *Sahib, alias Husain* *Dost Khān, who* *sided always with* *the French, who* *proclaimed him* *Navāb, 1749.*

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*Rājā Sāhib* { Proclaimed Navāb } { by the French, 1759. }

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6. *Saādat-ullāh Khān II.* { ‘Muhammad Saiyyid’ 1742–1744 } { Murdered by a Paṭhān. }

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*Sahib Jadda (Zāda)* (Murdered.)

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7. *Anwaru-d-dīn Muhammad.* Appointed Navāb by Nizām ul-Mulk, Subahdār of the Dekhan. Supported by the English, and opposed by the French who favoured Chanda Sahib. Killed in battle. 1744–1749.

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*Mahfuz Khān* Appointed Governor of Madura.

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8. *Muhammad Alī.* 1749–1795 ‘Navāb Walajah.’ ‘The Company’s Nabob.’

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*Abdul Rahīm.*

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*Abdul Wahāb.*

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*Najīb-ullāh.*

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9. *Umdat-ul-Umarā* 1795–1801.

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*Alī Hussain* Declined office.

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*Amīru-l-Umarā*

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10. *Azīm-ud-Daulah* 1801–1819. Resigned all power

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11. *Azam Jāh.* 1819–1825.

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12. *Azīm Jāh Bahādur* ‘Prince of Arcot’ 1867–1874.

Āy Kings of Malaināḍu

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SEE KERALA KINGS.

Bāhmani Dynasty

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1. *Alāu-d dīn Ḥasan-Gangū-Bāhmanī.* August 3, 1347–February 2, 1358. Rose to power under Muḥammad Tughlak of Delhi. Made Sultan. Capital Kulbarga.

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2. *Muḥammad I.* February 2, 1358–April 21, 1375. Attacked Bukka I of Vijayanagar.

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*Mahmud Khān*

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*Ahmad Khān*

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3. *Mujāhid* April 21, 1375– April 16, 1378. Assassinated.

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*Fath Khān*

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4. *Dāūd.* April 16–May 21, 1378. Assassinated.

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5. *Muḥammad II* (May 21, 1378–1397.)

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8. *Firūz* 1397–September 24, 1422.

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9. *Ahmad I* September 24, 1422–February 27, 1435.

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6. *Ghiyāsu-d-dīn* *Khan* 1397. Assassinated.

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7. *Shamsu-d-dīn* 1397. Deposed and blinded.

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*Hasan* *Khān.*

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*Mubārak* *Khān.*

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10. *Alāu-d-dīn II* Feb. 27, 1435–1458.

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*Muḥammad* *or Mahmūd* *Khān.*

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*Hasan Khān*

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*Yahya Khān*

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11. *Humāyūn* 1458–1461.

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12. *Nizām* 1461–1463.

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13. *Muḥammad III.* 1463–March 21, 1482. { 9 years old at accession. His minister was Khwāja Mahmūd Gawān, whom he murdered. }

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*Jamshid*

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14. *Mahmūd* March 21, 1482–1518 { Rebellion of the nobles. The kingdom broke up. }

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*Two daughters.*

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15. *Ahmad II*¹ 1518–1521.

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¹ The dates and names after 14 Mahmūd are as given by Firishta.

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16. *Alāu-d-dīn III* 1521–1523 assassinated.

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17. *Wali-Ullah* 1523–1525. Poisoned.

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18. *Kalīm-Ullah* 1525–1527.

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NOTE.—For information see *I. A.*, 1899, p. 119f.

Bāṇa Chiefs

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The Bāṇas were a very ancient family in the Chittoor and N. Arcot Districts. About A.D. 450 the then paramount Pallava king Simhavarman consecrated the first Ganga king for the express purpose of crushing the Bāṇas who had become unruly. The chronology of the Bāṇas is obscure and confusing. For comparison of the pedigrees put forward by different writers see Dr. Hultzsch's paper (E. I. xvii., p. 3.).¹ The following seems reasonable.

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¹ See also E. I. iii., 74 ; S.I.I., iii., 92 ; E. R. 1907, §. 45.

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A. D. 719-20. Vikramāditya-Bali-Indra, a vassal of the W. Chāḷukya king Vijayāditya (696-733). (E. R. 1921, p. 87.)

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A. D. 739. Vikramāditya governed the country 'West of the Telugu Road,' as vassal of the Pallava king Nandivarman II (717-779). (E. R. 1903-04, pp. 6, 12 ; S.I.I., iii. 43.)

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1. Nandivarman { or Jaya-Nandivarman. Ruled } { the land west of the Āndhra country. }

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2. Vijayāditya I

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3. Malladēva 'Jagadēkamalla'

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4. Vikramāditya I 'Jayamēru,' 'Bāṇavidyādhara,' Md. Kundavvai, dau. of the Ganga King Prithivipati I; and Mārikanimma. C. 872-890.

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5. Vijayāditya II. 'Vira Chuḷāmaṇi,' 'Prabhumēru.' Ruling in A.D. 898-99, 905-06, 909-10.²

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² E. I. iv., 224 ; S.I.I., ii., 389.

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6. Vikramāditya II. Heir apparent in A.D. 898.³

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³ See the Guḍimallam plates.

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7. Vijayāditya II 'Pugaḷvippavargaṇḍa.'

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8. Vikramāditya III. 'Vijaya-Bāhu.' 'Dear friend of Krishna Rāja,' i.e. the Rāshṭrakūṭa king Krishna III, or Kannara who reigned 937-38 to 965-66.

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Notes.—Vikramāditya I's accession date is derived from an inscription which mentions the year 'Vijaya' (A.D. 873-74) as being in the second year of Bāṇavidyādhara. He was ruling the country 'west of the Telugu Road' in the 24th year of Pallava Nripatunga, c. 878. Also in the 23rd year of Pallava Nandivarman III, i.e. in 852, when he may have ruled as Yuva-Rāja. About 870 he fought (as Yuva-Rāja) against the Rāshṭrakūṭa king Amōghavarsha I. About 878 he fought against Varaguṇa Pāṇḍya II. About 878 occurred the raid into the Puliṇāḍu, a Bāṇa tract, by the Noḷamba chief Mahēndra I who captured Koyatūr and burned the town of Permāvi. He was defeated by Vijayāditya II. About the same time was fought the battle of Soremati where the allied Bāṇas and Vaidumbas were opposed to the same Mahēndra I and the Ganga-king Rāchamalla. Many Viraklas testify to these events. (e.g. V. R. i. 175, 196, 243, 255 ; 306, 318 of 1912 ; 542, 571 of 1906 ; etc. ; E. C. x, Sp, 5,6.)

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About A. D. 915 the Bāṇas were completely defeated by Parāntaka Chōḷa I, and the country given to the Ganga king Prithivipati II.

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For later Bāṇas we have the following.—

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A. D. 1088-89, Chikkarasa, vassal of the W. Chāḷukya king. (566 of 1915.) A. D. 1123. Chittarasa, vassal of Vikramāditya VI. (356 of 1920.) A. D. 1275. A Mahābali-Bāṇa was vassal ("Piḷḷai") to Māravarman Kulaśēkhara Pāṇḍya I. A. D. 1453. Uraṅgāvillidāsan, ruling Madura. A. D. 1477. Tirumāliruñjōlai. Do. A. D. 1476. Sundarattōḷ-Uḍaiyār Do. A. D. 1499. Muttarasā-Tirumalai-Māvallvāṇa, also ruling Madura. A. D. 1517-18 Mahābali-Bāṇa Nāyakka in Ramnad District. (V. R. ii. Ram : 131 ; 113 of 1903.)

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BANAVĀSI,—SEE KADAMBAS OF

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BARĪD SHĀHI DYNASTY of BĪḌAR, or AHMADĀBĀD.

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1. *Kāsim Barīd I.* A. D. 1492–1504. Minister to the Bāhmanī Sultan Mahmūd II.

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2. *Amīr Barīd.* 1504–1549. Became independent 1527.

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3. *Alī Barīd.* 1549–1562, Lost most of his possessions to Burhān Shāh of Ahmadnagar.

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4. *Ibrāhīm Barīd.* 1562–1569. Amīr Barīd ruled from 1609.

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5. *Kāsim Barīd II* 1569–1572.

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6. *Mīrza alī Barīd.* 1572–1609. Deposed.

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BEDNŪR,—RĀJAS OF. See KEḶADI KINGS.

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BIJAPŪR,—RULES OF. See ĀDIL-SHĀHI,—DYNASTY OF

Burma—Some Kings of

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The following few dates are those of kings of Burma who came into contact with South India and Ceylon in the 11th and 12th centuries. (*Epigr. Burmanica*, i, pp. 3, 4; *Arch: Surv. of Burma Rep. for 1919-20.*)

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*Anorata.* A. D. 1044-1077. Sent a mission to Ceylon, begging for the Tooth-relic. Counter-mission from Ceylon. Trade by sea brisk between Burma, India, and China. Indians settling for trade in Burma, the Straits, Sumatra, etc.

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*Sawlu*, his son, A. D. 1077-1084.

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*Kyānzittha*, A. D. 1084-1112.

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*Alaungsithu*, or *Sithu*. A. D. 1112-1187. In 1180 Parākrama Bāhu of Ceylon sent a fleet to Burmah.

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*Narapati*,-Sithu. A. D. 1173-1210.

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In the 13th Century there was a large South-Indian community at Pāgān.

Ceylon,—Kings of

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*N.B.*—In the following list the dates set against the accessions of the kings from No. 1 Vijaya to No. 64 Dhātusēna are in the first column those based on the theory that the Nirvāna of Buddha occurred in B.C. 543, and in the second column those based on 483 B. C. as the date of that event.

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From No. 65 Kassapa II to 89 Hatthadāta the dates are still doubtful. In default of full information I have repeated the dates given in L. C. Wijesimha Mudaliār's list in his *Mahavamsa* (1889). Dr. Hultzsch informs me that he has as yet no suggestion to offer regarding them.

Linked texts (12)

Brahmapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Vāyupurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Matsyapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Epigraphia Indica
Mahāvaṃsa — Pāli
Indian Antiquary
Epigraphia Carnatica
Vaiśālī
Pāṭaliputra
South Indian Inscriptions
Siyamangalam cave inscription of Vijaya-Nandivikramavarman — Tamil
Inscription at Tirumalai near Polur (ed. Hultzsch 1901) — Tamil