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India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c9.s2.13

India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī c9.s2.13

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c9.s2.13

GEMS—*Lohitaka* (ruby) and *sasyaka* (emerald) are mentioned (V.4.30; V.2.68) as gems (*maṇi*). Both are referred to in the Arthaśāstra (II.11, p. 77), the latter in the *Kalpasūtra* as a precious gem (*sāsaga*, III.13). The mines of *vaidūrya* (cat's eye) were in the mount *Vālavāya*, but the gem was cut in *Vidūra* (*Bhāshya*, IV.3.84; II.313) which gave it its name. *Vālavāya* mountain is cited on *sūtra* VI.2.77 in the *Kāśikā* as an old example.

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