The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c35: General Bibliography

The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c35

Language: English

v1.c35.t1 B. Sources of History — 17 parts
v1.c35.s1 Chapter III. The Āryans — 9 parts
v1.c35.s2 Chapter IV. The Age of the Rigveda — 35 parts
v1.c35.s3 Chapter VI. The History of the Jains — 8 parts
v1.c35.s4 Chapter VII. The Early History of the Buddhists — 14 parts
v1.c35.s5 Chapters IX—XII — 16 parts
v1.c35.s6 Chapter XIII. The Purāṇas — 75 parts
v1.c35.s7 Chapters XV and XVI. Alexander the Great; India in Early Greek and Latin Literature — 27 parts
v1.c35.s8 Chapters XVIII and XIX. Chandragupta, the Founder of the Maurya Empire; Political and Social Organisation of the Maurya Empire — 29 parts
v1.c35.s9 Chapter XX. Açoka, the Imperial Patron of Buddhism — 16 parts
v1.c35.s10 Chapter XXI. Indian Native States After the Period of the Maurya Empire — 30 parts
v1.c35.s11 Chapter XXIII. The Scythian and Parthian Invaders — 60 parts
v1.c35.s12 Chapter XXV. The Early History of Ceylon — 27 parts
v1.c35.s13 Chapter XXVI. The Monuments of Ancient India — 29 parts

General Bibliography

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Orientalische Bibliographie (begründet von August Müller) hsg. von Lucian Scherman. Berlin, 1887 etc. In progress.

Grundriss der indo-arischen Philologie und Altertumskunde (begründet von G. Bühler, fortgesetzt von F. Kielhorn) hsg. von H. Lüders und J. Wackernagel. Strassburg, 1896 etc. Berlin, 1920. In progress. Grundriss der iranischen Philologie, hsg. von W. Geiger und E. Kuhn. Strassburg 1896–1904. Balfour, E. Cyclopaedia of India. 3rd edn. London, 1885.

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3. HISTORIES OF ANCIENT INDIA.

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Lassen, Chr. Indische Alterthumskunde. 4 vols. (vols. I and II, 2nd edn.). Leipzig, 1858–1874. Dutt, R. C. History of Civilization in Ancient India. London, 1893. Hoernle, A. F. R. and Stark, H. A. A History of India. 2nd edn. Cuttack, 1904. Smith, V. A. The early History of India. 3rd edn. Oxford, 1914. —— The Oxford History of India. Oxford, 1919. Krishnaswami Aiyangar, S. Ancient India. Madras, 1911. Barnett, L. D. Antiquities of India. London, 1913. Rapson, E. J. Ancient India. Cambridge, 1914.

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4. CHRONOLOGY.

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Duff, C. M. (Mrs W. R. Rickmers). The Chronology of India. Westminster, 1899.

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5. HISTORIES OF LITERATURE.

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Max Müller, F. A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 2nd edn. London, 1860. Weber, A. Akademische Vorlesungen über indische Literaturgeschichte. 2 Auf. Berlin, 1876. —— Eng. trans. by J. Mann and Th. Zachariae: The History of Indian Literature. 2nd edn. London, 1882. von Schroeder, L. Indiens Literatur und Kultur. Leipzig, 1887. Frazer, R. W. Literary History of India. London, 1898. Macdonell, A. A. Sanskrit Literature. London, 1900. Henry, V. Les Littératures de l'Inde. Paris, 1904. Pischel, R. Die indische Literatur. Die Kultur der Gegenwart, I, vii: Die orientalischen Literaturen. Berlin und Leipzig, 1906. Winternitz, M. Geschichte der indischen Litteratur. 2 Aus. Leipzig, 1909 etc.

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1. GAZETTEER.

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Imperial Gazetteer of India. 26 vols. Oxford, 1907–9. [Vols. I–IV, The Indian Empire; vol. XXVI, Atlas.]

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2. ATLASES.

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Bartholomew, Hand Atlas of India. Westminster, 1893. Stanford, Statistical Atlas of India. London, 1895. Climatological Atlas of India. The Indian Meteorological Department. Edinburgh, 1906. Railway and Canal Map of India. 1910.

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3. HANDBOOKS.

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Murray's Handbook to India, Burma, and Ceylon. 10th edn. London, 1919. Holdich, T. H. India. Regions of the World Series, ed. Mackinder. Oxford, 1905.

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4. BLUE-BOOK.

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Moral and Material Progress and Condition of India. [Annual blue-book containing maps of railways, irrigation etc., with reference to the development of the last ten years.]

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5. TEXT-BOOKS.

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Blanford, H. F. Practical guide to the Climates and Weather of India, Ceylon and Burmah. London, 1889. Mackinder, H. J. Eight Lectures on India, prepared for the Visual Instruction Committee of the Colonial Office. London, 1910. [The geographical portions of these lectures have been utilised in the preparation of this Chapter.] Morrison, C. A New Geography of the Indian Empire. London, 1909.

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6. DESCRIPTIVE.

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Chirol, V. The Middle Eastern Question, or some Problems of Indian Defence. London, 1903. Ferguson, J. Ceylon in 1893. London, 1893. Forrest, G. W. The Cities of India, Past and Present. Westminster, 1903. Gore, F. St J. Lights and Shades of Hill Life in the Afghan and Hindu Highlands of the Punjab. London, 1895. Holdich, T. H. The Indian Borderland. London, 1901. —— The Gates of India. London, 1910. Hooker, J. D. Himalayan Journals. New edn. London, 1855. Low, S. J. M. A Vision of India. 2nd edn. London, 1907. Robertson, G. S. The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush. London, 1896. Workman, W. H. and F. B. Through Town and Jungle. London, 1904. Yate, C. E. Northern Afghanistan. Edinburgh, 1888. —— Khurasan and Sistan. Edinburgh, 1900.

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1. CENSUS REPORTS.

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The Census of India, 1901. Vol. I. Calcutta, 1903. [The chapter on Caste, Tribe, and Race by H. H. Risley is summarised in Imp. Gaz. I, and illustrated by map 12 of the Atlas, vol. XXVI.] The Census of India, 1911. Vols. I and II.

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2. ETHNOGRAPHY.

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A classified list by W. Siegling of the more important works on Indian Ethnography is given in Baines, Ethnography, pp. 173–211 (*v. inf.*). Anderson, J. D. Peoples of India. Cambridge, 1913. Baines, A. Ethnography. Grund. d. indo-ar. Phil. Strassburg, 1912. Bellew, H. W. The Races of Afghanistan. Calcutta, 1880. Crooke, W. The Tribes and Castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh. Calcutta, 1896. Douie, J. The Panjāb, North-West Frontier Province, and Kashmir. Cambridge, 1916. Holderness, T. W. Peoples and Problems of India. London, 1912. Kennedy, J. The Early Commerce of Babylon with India. J.R.A.S., 1898. [Maintains the western origin of the Dravidians; pp. 249, 261.] O'Malley, L. S. S. Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, Sikkim. Cambridge, 1917. Oppert, G. On the Original Inhabitants of Bharatavarsha or India. Westminster, 1893. Ramaprasad Chanda. The Indo-Aryan Races. Rajshahi, 1916. Rice, B. L. Mysore. Revised edn. Westminster, 1897. —— Mysore and Coorg from the Inscriptions. London, 1909. Richards, F. J. (1) Side Lights on the Dravidian Problem. (2) Some Dravidian Affinities and their Sequel. [Two articles contributed to the Mythic Society of Bangalore. In the second of these the author maintains the identity of the Dravidians with the Mediterranean Race.] Risley, H. H. Tribes and Castes of Bengal. Calcutta, 1891–2. —— The People of India. 2nd edn., W. Crooke. London, 1915. Rivers, W. H. R. The Todas. London, 1906. Thurston, E. and Rangachari, K. The Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Madras, 1909–10. —— The Madras Presidency. Cambridge, 1913.

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3. GEOGRAPHY.

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Bunbury, E. H. A History of Ancient Geography. London, 1879. Cunningham, A. The Ancient Geography of India: I. The Buddhist Period. London, 1871. Dey, N. L. The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India. Calcutta, 1899. Revised edn. in Ind. Ant., 1919 etc. Holdich, T. H. The Indian Borderland; The Gates of India. See Bibl. to Ch. I, 6. —— Physical Aspects. Imp. Gaz. I. —— Political Frontiers and Boundary Making. London, 1916. Joppen, C. Historical Atlas of India. 3rd edn. London, 1914.

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Oldham, R. D. Physical Geography and Geology. Oxford Survey of the British Empire, II (1914). Pargiter, F. E. Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa. See Bibl. to Ch. XIII, 1. —— The Geography of Rāma’s exile. J.R.A.S., 1894. Tozer, H. F. A History of Ancient Geography. Cambridge, 1897. See also Bibl. to Ch. I. For the effects of climatic changes see Stein, M. A. Ancient Khotan. Oxford, 1907. Tate, G. P. Seistan. Calcutta, 1910.

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4. MIGRATIONS AND ROUTES.

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Elphinstone, M. Account of the Kingdom of Caubul. 2nd edn. London, 1839. [Contains a good map with routes.] Foucher, A. Notes sur la Géographie ancienne du Gandhara. See Bibl. to Chapters XV and XVI, 2. Haddon, A. C. The Wanderings of Peoples. Cambridge, 1911. Helmolt, H. F. Weltgeschichte. Leipzig und Wien, 1899 etc. Eng. trans.: The World’s History. London, 1901 etc. Vol. II: Central Asia by H. Schurtz, and India by E. Schmidt. Vol. III: Ancient Nearer Asia by H. Winckler. Kennedy, J. The Aryan Invasion of Northern India. J.R.A.S., 1919–20. de Morgan, J. Les premières Civilisations. 1909. Le Strange, G. The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge, 1905.

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5. THE CASTE SYSTEM.

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Bouglé, C. Essai sur le Régime des Castes. Paris, 1908. Gait, E. A. Caste. E.R.E. III (1910). Ketkar, S. V. The History of Caste in India. Ithaca, N.Y., 1909; London, 1911. Lyall, A. C. Asiatic Studies. New edn. London, 1899. Nesfield, J. C. Brief view of the Caste-system of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh. Allahabad, 1885. Senart, E. Les Castes dans l’Inde. Paris, 1896. See also Bibl. to Ch. V, 2.

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6. LANGUAGES.

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The Linguistic Survey of India. Ed. G. A. Grierson. 1898 etc. The results of the investigations of the Linguistic Survey have been summarised from time to time by Sir George Grierson: The Languages of India, Calcutta, 1903; The Piśācha Languages, London, 1906; Languages. Imp. Gaz. I (1907); The Indo-Aryan Vernaculars, Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, London Institution, vol. I, parts II and III, London, 1918, 1920. To the bibliography given in Imp. Gaz. I, pp. 395–401, the following may now be added: Caldwell, R. A comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of Languages. 3rd edn. revised and edited by J. L. Wyatt and T. Ramakrishna Pillai. London, 1913. Schmidt, P. W. Die Mon-Khmer Völker. Archiv für Anthropologie. Brunswick, 1906. [Résumé in J.R.A.S., 1907, pp. 187 ff.; see also ibid. pp. 743 ff.] Linguistic Survey. Vol. VIII, pt. II (1919): The Dardic or Piśācha Languages.

B. Sources of History

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1. PREHISTORIC ANTIQUITIES.

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See Bibl. to Ch. xxvi, 1. Summary by V. A. Smith in Imp. Gaz. ii (1908).

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2. ANCIENT LANGUAGES.

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Franke, R. O. Pāli und Sanskrit. Strassburg, 1902. Wackernagel, J. Altindische Grammatik: Introduction to vol. i, pt. i. Göttingen, 1896.

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For various views as to the relation of Sanskrit to the ancient spoken languages see J.R.A.S., 1904.

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For histories of literature see Gen. Bibl., 5.

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3. FOREIGN AUTHORITIES.

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Greek and Latin writers: see Bibl. to Chapters xv and xvi, 1. Chinese writers: see Bibl. to Ch. xxiii, 1 (*b*).

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4. ALPHABETS AND INSCRIPTIONS.

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Bühler, G. Indische Palaeographie. Grund. d. indo-ar. Phil. Strassburg, 1896. —— Eng. version: Indian Palaeography. Ed. J. F. Fleet. Ind. Ant., 1904 (App.).

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The prevalent belief that Kharoṣṭhī inscriptions do not occur in India after the 3rd century A.D. must now be modified. Sir John Marshall in a letter dated 14 Oct. 1920 writes: 'Recent discoveries at Jaulian (Taxila) make it certain that Kharoṣṭhī was in use there until at least the middle of the 5th century A.D.' (*v. sup.*, p. 62). For the Kharoṣṭhī alphabet in Chinese Turkestān see Rapson in Trans. Inter. Or. Cong., Algiers, 1905 (i, pp. 210 ff.) and Boyer, Rapson, and Senart, Kharoṣṭhī Inscriptions, i. Oxford, 1920.

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Fleet, J. F. Epigraphy. Imp. Gaz. ii. Lüders, H. A list of Brāhmī Inscriptions from the earliest times to about A.D. 400. Ep. Ind. x (App.). Calcutta, 1910.

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5. COINS.

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See Bibl. to the following: Note to Ch. xiv (Ancient Persian); Note to Ch. xv (Ancient Athenian and Macedonian); Ch. xvii, 3 (Syrian, Bactrian, Graeco-Indian, Çaka and Pahlava, and Parthian); Ch. xxi, 3 (Native Indian States); also additional entries in Bibl. to Ch. xxii, 3 (Graeco-Indian) and Ch. xxiii, 3 (Çaka and Pahlava); Ch. xxiv, 4 (Southern India).

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6. PROGRESS OF INDIAN STUDIES.

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For the interpretation and chronological classification of the ancient literatures see Macdonell, Sanskrit Literature; Winternitz, Gesch. d. ind. Litt.; and other works quoted in Gen. Bibl., 5.

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For the decipherment of the ancient alphabets see Wilson, Ariana Antiqua; Prinsep's Essays, ed. Thomas; Cunningham, Coins of Alexander's Successors article on Ancient India in Quarterly Review, July 1889 (vol. 169).

Chapter III. The Āryans

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1. THE HOME OF THE WIROS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES.

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Feist, S. Kultur, Ausbreitung, und Herkunft der Indogermanen. Berlin, 1913. Giles, P. Articles in Encycl. Brit., 11th ed.—Aryan in vol. II; Indo-European Languages in vol. XIV. Hirt, H. Die Indogermanen, ihre Verbreitung, ihre Urheimat, und ihre Kultur. Strassburg, 1905 u. 1907. Hogarth, D. G. Ionia and the East. Oxford, 1909. Kossinna, G. Die indogermanische Frage archäologisch beantwortet. Zeit. f. Ethnologie, XXXIV. Berlin, 1902. Kretschmer, P. Einleitung in die Geschichte der griechischen Sprache. Göttingen, 1896. Meyer, E. Geschichte des Altertums; see Bibl. to Ch. XIV, 2. Much, M. Die Heimat der Indogermanen im Lichte der urgeschichtlichen Forschung. Jena, 1904. Reinach, S. L'origine des Aryens. Paris, 1892. Ripley, W. Z. The Races of Europe. London, 1900. Schrader, O. Reallexikon der indogermanischen Altertumskunde. Strassburg, 1901. —— Sprachvergleichung und Urgeschichte. 3 Auf. Jena, 1906–7. —— Eng. trans. by Jevons, F. B.: Prehistoric Antiquities of the Aryan Peoples. London, 1890. (Translated from the 2nd edn.) —— Die Indogermanen. Leipzig, 1911. [In many ways the best introduction to the subject.] Taylor, I. The origin of the Aryans. London, 1889. [Written in an interesting manner, but now in many respects antiquated.]

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2. ĀRYAN NAMES (*a*) IN THE BOGHAZ-KOÏ INSCRIPTIONS.

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Winckler, H.; see Bibl. to Ch. XIV, 2.

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For the literature dealing with these inscriptions see Ch. XIV, p. 320, n. 2.

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(*b*) IN THE TEL-EL-AMARNA LETTERS.

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Hall, H. R. H. The Ancient History of the Near East. 4th edn. London, 1920. King, L. W. and Hall, H. R. H. Egypt and Western Asia in the light of recent discoveries. London, 1907. Meyer, E. Die ältesten datierten Zeugnisse der iranischen Sprache und der zoroastrischen Religion. Kuhn's Zeitschrift, XLII (1909), pp. 1–27. Winckler, H. Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, V. Berlin, 1896. —— Eng. trans.: The Tel-el-Amarna Letters. Berlin, 1896.

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(*c*) IN ANCIENT BABYLONIAN AND ASSYRIAN INSCRIPTIONS.

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Hommel, F. Proc. Soc. Bibl. Arch., 1899, p. 132. —— Grund. der Geographie und Geschichte des alten Orients (Munich, 1904): Handbuch der klassischen Altertums-Wissenschaft, III, i.

Chapter IV. The Age of the Rigveda

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1. ORIGINAL SOURCES.

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Rigveda, Saṃhitā and Pada text with Sāyaṇa’s commentary. Ed. by F. Max Müller. 2nd edn. 1890–2. Saṃhitā text. Ed. by Th. Aufrecht. 2nd edn. Bonn, 1877. Translations by H. Grassmann, Leipzig, 1876–7; R. T. H. Griffith, Benares, 1896–7; A. Ludwig, Prag, 1876–88; in part only, by Max Müller, Sacred Books of the East, vol. xxxii, Oxford, 1891; and H. Oldenberg, ibid. vol. xlvi, 1897. Commentaries by Ludwig, *v. sup.*, and Oldenberg, Prolegomena, Berlin, 1888; Noten, I–v, Berlin, 1909; vi–x, Berlin, 1911. Scheftelowitz, I. Die Apokryphen des Rigveda. Breslau, 1907.

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2. SPECIAL WORKS.

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Kaegi, A. The Rigveda. Trans. by R. Arrowsmith. Boston, 1886. Macdonell, A. A. and Keith, A. B. Vedic Index. 1912. Pischel, R. and Geldner, K. F. Vedische Studien. Stuttgart, 1889–1901. Zimmer, H. Altindisches Leben. Berlin, 1879.

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3. GENERAL.

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Arnold, E. V. Vedic Metre. Cambridge, 1905. Barth, A. The Religions of India. London, 1882. Bergaigne, A. La Religion Védique. Paris, 1878–83. Bloomfield, M. The Religion of the Veda. New York, 1908. Deussen, P. Allgemeine Geschichte der Philosophie. Vol. I, pt. I, Philosophie des Veda. Leipzig, 1894. Hardy, E. Die Vedische-brahmanische Periode der Religion des alten Indiens. Münster i. W., 1893. Hillebrandt, A. Vedische Mythologie. Breslau, 1891–1902. Hopkins, E. W. The Religions of India. Boston, 1895. —— India Old and New. New York, 1901. Macdonell, A. A. Vedic Mythology. Strassburg, 1897. —— Sanskrit Literature. 1900. —— Vedic Grammar. Strassburg, 1910. Max Müller, F. History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 2nd edn. 1860. Muir, J. Original Sanskrit Texts. Vol. v. 3rd edn. 1884. Oldenberg, H. Ancient India. 2nd edn. Chicago, 1898. —— Buddha, English translation by Hoey. London, 1882. —— Die Literatur des alten Indien. Berlin, 1903. —— Rigvedaforschung. Berlin, 1905. —— Die Religion des Veda. Berlin, 1894. Roth, R. Zur Litteratur und Geschichte des Weda. Stuttgart, 1846. von Schroeder, L. Indiens Literatur und Cultur. Leipzig, 1887. Sieg, E. Die Sagenstoffe des Rigveda und die indische Itihāsatradition. Stuttgart, 1902. Wackernagel, J. Altindische Grammatik. Göttingen, 1896 etc. Weber, A. The History of Indian Literature. 2nd edn. London, 1882. Winternitz, M. Die Geschichte der indischen Litteratur. Vol. I. 2nd edn. Leipzig, 1909.

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THE PERIOD OF THE LATER SAṂHITĀS, THE BRĀHMAṆAS, THE ĀRAṆYAKAS, AND THE UPANISHADS

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Atharvaveda, Saṃhitā text. Ed. by R. Roth and W. D. Whitney. Berlin, 1856; Saṃhitā and Pada text, with Sāyaṇa's commentary. Ed. by Shankar P. Pandit. Bombay, 1895–8.

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Translations by R. T. H. Griffith, Benares, 1897; W. D. Whitney (with additions by C. R. Lanman), Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A., 1905; in part, M. Bloomfield, Sacred Books of the East, XLII, Oxford, 1897.

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Sāmaveda. Ed. with translation, by Th. Benfey, Leipzig, 1848; by Satyavrata Sāmaçramī, Calcutta, 1873.

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Translation by Griffith. Benares, 1893.

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Yajurveda: 1. Taittirīya Saṃhitā. Ed. by A. Weber, Indische Studien, XI and XII, Berlin, 1871–2; with the commentary of Mādhava, Calcutta, 1854–99.

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—— 2. Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā. Ed. by L. von Schroeder. Leipzig, 1900–11.

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—— 3. Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā. Ed. by von Schroeder. Leipzig, 1881–6.

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—— 4. Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā. With Mahīdhara's commentary. Ed. by Weber. London, 1852.

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Translation by Griffith, Benares, 1899; by A. B. Keith, Cambridge, Mass., 1914.

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Aitareya Brāhmaṇa. Ed. by Th. Aufrecht. Bonn, 1879.

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Aitareya Āraṇyaka. Ed. with a translation by Keith. Oxford, 1909.

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Kaushītaki Brāhmaṇa. Ed. by B. Lindner. Jena, 1887.

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Çāṅkhāyana Āraṇyaka. Ed. by Keith, Oxford, 1909 (books VII–XV); Friedländer, Berlin, 1900 (I–II); E. B. Cowell, Calcutta, 1861 (III–VI = Kaushītaki Brāhmaṇa Upanishad).

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Translation by Keith. London, 1908.

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Pañcaviṃça Brāhmaṇa. Ed. by A. Vedāntavāgīça. Calcutta, 1869–74.

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Jaiminīya or Talavakāra Brāhmaṇa; the Upanishad Brāhmaṇa. Ed. by H. Oertel with translation and notes. Journal of the American Oriental Society, XVI, 79–260.

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Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa. Ed. by Rājendralāla Mitra, Calcutta, 1855–70; N. Godabole, Poona, 1898.

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Taittirīya Āraṇyaka. Ed. H. N. Apte. Poona, 1898.

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Çatapatha Brāhmaṇa. Ed. by A. Weber. London, 1855.

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Translation by J. Eggeling, Sacred Books of the East, XII, XXVI, XLI, XLIII, XLIV. Oxford, 1882–1900.

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Gopatha Brāhmaṇa. Ed. by Rājendralāla Mitra and H. Vidyābhūshaṇa. Calcutta, 1872.

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Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upanishad. Ed. with translation, by O. Böhtlingk. Leipzig, 1889.

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Chhāndogya Upanishad. Ed. with translation, by Böhtlingk. Leipzig, 1889.

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Kāṭhaka Upanishad. Ed. by Apte. Poona, 1889.

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Translation of the principal Upanishads by F. Max Müller, Sacred Books of the East, vols. I and XV; by P. Deussen, Sechzig Upanishads, Leipzig, 1897.

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2. MODERN WORKS.

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In addition to the books given in the Bibliography to Chapter IV may be mentioned:

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Bloomfield, M. The Atharvaveda. Strassburg, 1899. Deussen, P. Die Philosophie der Upanishads. Leipzig, 1899. Fick, R. Die sociale Gliederung im nordöstlichen Indien zu Buddha's Zeit. Kiel, 1897. Foy, W. Die königliche Gewalt nach den Dharmasūtren. Leipzig, 1895. Francke, R. O. Pāli und Sanskrit. Strassburg, 1902. Hillebrandt, A. Ritual-Litteratur. Strassburg, 1897. Hopkins, E. W. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, XV, 21 sq. (on the Pañcaviṁça Brāhmaṇa). Jolly, J. Recht und Sitte. Strassburg, 1896. —— Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft, L, 507 sq. (on the castes). Muir, J. Original Sanskrit Texts, vol. I, 2nd edn. (on the castes). Oldenberg, H. Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft, LI, 267-90 (on the castes). Rhys Davids, T. W. Buddhist India. London, 1903. Senart, E. Les Castes dans l'Inde. Paris, 1896. Weber, A. Die vedischen Nachrichten von den Naxatra. Berlin, 1861. Indische Studien, especially vol. I (geographical etc. data from the Çatapatha Brāhmaṇa), III (data from the Kāṭhaka Saṁhitā), x (complete collection of data regarding the castes). Many papers in the Proceedings of the Berlin Academy, 1889–1901. Whitney, W. D. Journal of the American Oriental Society, VI and VIII (on the Nakshatras). The Indian Empire (Imp. Gaz.), vol. I, chap. VI (Ethnology and Caste); chap. VII (Languages). Oxford, 1907.

Chapter VI. The History of the Jains

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1. SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.

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The complete bibliography of European and (so far as is known) of Indian literature concerning the Jains up to the year 1906 is given in Guérinot, Essai de Bibliographie Jaina, Paris, 1906 (Annales du Musée Guimet, Bibliothèque d'Études, vol. XXII); further notices given by Guérinot, J.A., 1909: 2, pp. 47 ff. All known inscriptions of Jain character or having reference to the Jains are registered together with references to the literature concerning them in Guérinot, Répertoire d'Épigraphie Jaina, Paris, 1908 (Publications de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, vol. X).

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2. HISTORY AND DOCTRINES OF JAINISM.

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A sketch, by no means exhaustive, of the whole domain of Jain history and literature is given in Barodia, History and Literature of Jainism, Bombay, 1909 (review by Guérinot, J.A., 1910: 1, pp. 378 ff.). A useful summary of the religion is given in Outlines of Jainism by Jagmanderlal Jaini, Cambridge, 1916.

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The most important treatises dealing with the older history and the doctrines of Jainism are the following:

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Jacobi, H. Kalpasūtra of Bhadrabāhu, pp. 1 ff. (Abhandlungen der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. VII. Leipzig, 1879). —— Introductions to S.B.E. vols. XXII and XLV. —— Das Kālakācāryakathānakam, Z.D.M.G. vol. XXXIV, pp. 247 ff. —— Über die Entstehung der Śvetāmbara- und Digambara-Sekten, ibid., XXXVIII, pp. 1 ff.; XL, pp. 92 ff. —— On Mahāvīra and his predecessors, Ind. Ant. IX, pp. 158 ff. Hoernle, A. F. R. Proceedings of the Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, 1898, pp. 39 ff. Bühler, G. Über die indische Secte der Jainas. Wien, 1887. (Translated by J. Burgess, London, 1903.) —— Articles on the Jain inscriptions from Mathurā in the V.O.J. I–V and X. Leumann, E. Die alten Berichte von den Schismen der Jaina, Ind. Stud. XVII, pp. 91 ff. Bloomfield, M. The life and stories of the Jaina Savior Pārcvanātha. Baltimore, 1919. [Based on Bhāvadevasūri, Pārçvanātha Carita, ed. Shravak Pandit Hargovinddas and Shravak Pandit Bechardas, Benares, 1912.]

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The canonical writings of the Jains are exhaustively described by Weber, Über die heiligen Schriften der Jaina, Ind. Stud. XVI, pp. 211 ff., XVII, pp. 1 ff. (translated by Dr H. W. Smyth, in Ind. Ant. vols. XVII–XXI), and in his Katalog der Sanskrit- und Prākrit-Handschriften der Kgl. Bibliothek zu Berlin, vol. II, ii, Berlin, 1888.

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The history and doctrines of Gosāla are treated with references to the literature by Hoernle in Hastings, Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, vol. I, pp. 258 ff.

Chapter VII. The Early History of the Buddhists

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1. Original Sources—Texts and Translations.

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Aṅguttara Nikāya. Ed. Richard Morris and Edmund Hardy. P.T.S. London, 1885–1900. Apadāna. Not yet edited. Attha-sālinī. Ed. Eduard Müller. P.T.S. London, 1897. Dhammapada. Ed. Sūriyagoḍa Sumaṅgala Thera. P.T.S. London, 1914. —— Trans. F. Max Müller. S.B.E. x. 2nd edn. Oxford, 1898. —— Commentary. Ed. H. C. Norman. P.T.S. London, 1906–14. Dīgha Nikāya. Ed. T. W. Rhys Davids and J. E. Carpenter. P.T.S. London, 1890–1911. —— Commentary. See Sumaṅgala-vilāsinī. Dīpavaṁsa. Ed. and trans. H. Oldenberg. London, 1879. Divyāvadāna. Ed. E. B. Cowell and R. A. Neil. Cambridge, 1886. Jātaka. Ed. V. Fausböll. London, 1877–97. —— Trans. by various hands under the editorship of E. B. Cowell. Cambridge, 1895–1913. Lalita-vistara. Ed. Rajendralal Mitra. Calcutta, 1877. —— Ed. S. Lefmann. Halle, 1902–8. —— German trans. (I–V) S. Lefmann. Berlin, 1874. Mahāvaṁsa. Ed. W. Geiger. P.T.S. London, 1908. —— Trans. W. Geiger. P.T.S. London, 1912. Mahāvastu. Ed. E. Senart. Paris, 1882–97. Majjhima Nikāya. Ed. V. Trenckner and R. Chalmers. P.T.S. London, 1888–99. Milindapañha. Ed. V. Trenckner. London, 1880. —— Trans. T. W. Rhys Davids. S.B.E. xxxv, xxxvi. Oxford, 1890–4. Peta-vatthu. Ed. Minayef. P.T.S. London, 1888. —— Commentary. Ed. E. Hardy. P.T.S. London, 1901. Samanta-pāsādikā, commentary on the Vinaya. Part of the Introduction ed. H. Oldenberg in Vinaya III. Saṁyutta Nikāya. Ed. Léon Feer and Mrs Rhys Davids. P.T.S. London, 1884–1904. Sumaṅgala-vilāsinī, commentary on the Dīgha. Ed. Rhys Davids. P.T.S. London, 1886. Sutta Nipāta. Ed. D. Andersen and H. Smith. P.T.S. London, 1913. —— Trans. V. Fausböll. S.B.E. x. 2nd edn. Oxford, 1898. Thera-gāthā. Ed. H. Oldenberg. P.T.S. London, 1883. —— Trans.: Psalms of the Brethren, by Mrs Rhys Davids. P.T.S. London, 1913. —— Commentary. Not yet edited. Therī-gāthā. Ed. R. Pischel. P.T.S. London, 1883. —— Trans.: Psalms of the Sisters, by Mrs Rhys Davids. P.T.S. London, 1909. —— Commentary. Ed. E. Müller. P.T.S. London, 1893. Udāna. Ed. P. Steinthal. P.T.S. London, 1885. —— Trans. D. M. Strong. London, 1902. Vimāna-vatthu. Ed. E. R. Goonaratne. P.T.S. London, 1886. Vinaya. Ed. H. Oldenberg. London, 1879–83. Vinaya Texts. Trans. Rhys Davids and H. Oldenberg. S.B.E. xiii, xvii, xx. Oxford, 1881–5.

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2. SUMMARIES.

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The historical information afforded by these original authorities is collected and discussed by T. W. Rhys Davids, Buddhist India (London, 1903).

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The summary (*supra*, pp. 192-7) of the known facts as to the age of the early Pāli literature is there stated with the utmost brevity. For longer accounts see Rh. D., Buddhist India, pp. 140-209; Dialogues of the Buddha, I, ix-xx, and II, 70-7; Winternitz, Gesch. d. ind. Lit. II, i, 17-139. Oldenberg's introduction to Vinaya Texts, S.B.E. XIII (1881) is still the best critical discussion of the growth of the Vinaya literature. A similar study of the growth of the Abhidhamma is much required. Steps towards such a study have been taken by Mrs Rhys Davids in Buddhist Psychology (London, 1914), chap. VII, pp. 134-55.

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See Bibl. to Ch. vii.

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For the Sanskrit law-books see S.B.E. ii (Gautama), xiv (Vasishṭha, Baudhāyana), xxv (Manu).

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2. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL.

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The following works deal with economic and social conditions in ancient India:

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Fick, R. Die sociale Gliederung im nordöstlichen Indien zu Buddha's Zeit. Kiel, 1897.

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Rhys Davids, Mrs C. A. F. Economic conditions in ancient India. Economic Jour., Sept. 1901.

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—— Notes on early economic conditions in Northern India. J.R.A.S., Oct. 1901. [With fuller details on money and the consumption of wealth.]

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Rhys Davids, Buddhist India; see Bibl. to Ch. vii, 2.

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Subba Rao, N. S. Economic and political conditions in ancient India. Mysore, 1911. [An analysis of information contained in the Jātaka.]

Chapters IX—XII

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THE PERIOD OF THE SŪTRAS, EPICS, AND LAW-BOOKS; FAMILY LIFE AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS AS THEY APPEAR IN THE SŪTRAS; THE PRINCES AND PEOPLES OF THE EPIC POEMS; THE GROWTH OF LAW AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS

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1. TEXTS.

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Āçvalāyana Gṛihya Sūtra. Ed. A. F. Stenzler. Leipzig, 1864. Çāṅkhāyana Gṛihya Sūtra. Ed. Hermann Oldenberg in Ind. Stud. xv, pp. 13 f. Pāraskara Gṛihya Sūtra. Ed. A. F. Stenzler. Leipzig, 1876. Āpastambīya Gṛihya Sūtra. Ed. M. Winternitz. Vienna, 1887. The Mantrapāṭha (of the Āpastambins). Ed. M. Winternitz. Oxford, 1897. Gobhila Gṛihya Sūtra. Ed. F. Knauer. Dorpat, 1884. Hiraṇyakeçi Gṛihya Sūtra. Ed. J. Kirste. Vienna, 1889. Mānava Gṛihya Sūtra. Ed. F. Knauer. St Petersburg, 1897. Khādira Gṛihya Sūtra. Ed. with trans. by Oldenberg in S.B.E. xxix. Kauçika Sūtra. Ed. M. Bloomfield. New Haven, 1890. Gautama Dharma Çāstra (Sūtra). Ed. Stenzler. London, 1876. Āpastambīya Dharma Sūtra. Ed. G. Bühler. Bombay, 1868 and 1872 (two parts). Baudhāyana Dharma Çāstra. Ed. E. Hultzsch. Leipzig, 1884. Vāsishṭha Dharma Sūtra. Ed. A. Führer. Bombay, 1883. Mānava Dharma Çāstra. Ed. N. N. Mandlik with commentaries, Bombay, 1886; J. Jolly, London, 1887. Earlier editions: Calcutta, 1813; London, 1825; Paris, 1830. Vaishṇava Dharma Çāstra. Ed. Jolly. Calcutta, 1881. Yājñavalkya Dharma Çāstra. Ed. Stenzler. Berlin, 1849. (Mitāksharā. Bombay, 1909). Nārada Smṛiti. Ed. Jolly. Calcutta, 1885. The Dharma Çāstra Saṅgraha. Ed. Jivananda Vidyasagara. Calcutta, 1876. [Contains the texts attributed to Atri, Vishṇu, Hārīta, Yājñavalkya, Ushaṇas, Aṅgiras, Yama, Āpastamba, Saṃvarta, Kātyāyana, Bṛihaspati, Parāçara, Vyāsa, Çan̄kha, Likhita, Daksha, Çātātapa, Vasishṭha, Gautama, and 'Vṛiddha Gautama.']

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The text of the epics has come down in different recensions represented more or less accurately by different editions. The Mahābhārata as published in the Calcutta edition (1834–9) contains the Harivaṃça, and differs slightly from the Bombay edition (1888), which omits the Harivaṃça. The text of the poem according to South Indian tradition has been published in Bombay (1906–10): it differs materially from the northern recension. The Rāmāyaṇa (Bengal text, without the last book) was published by G. Gorresio (Paris, 1843–50). Another edition containing the complete text appeared in Bombay (1895), and a third text, but practically identical with that of Bombay though 'according to the southern readings,' was published in 1905.

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2. TRANSLATIONS.

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The chief Gṛihya Sūtras, those of Āçvalāyana, Çāṅkhāyana, Pāraskara, Khādira, Gobhila, Hiraṇyakeçin, and Āpastamba, have been translated by Oldenberg in S.B.E. xxix and xxx. In conjunction with the texts mentioned above have appeared German translations of Āçvalāyana by Stenzler (1865); of Çāṅkhāyana by Oldenberg (Ind. Stud. xv); of Gobhila by Knauer (1887); and of Pāraskara by Stenzler (1878).

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The S.B.E., vols. ii and xiv, contain translations by Bühler of the Dharma Sūtras of Āpastamba, Gautama, Vasishṭha, and Baudhāyana. The Mānava Dharma Çāstra, originally translated by Sir William Jones, appeared in a revised translation by Bühler in S.B.E. xxv, and by A. C. Burnell and E. W. Hopkins (London, 1884). The Vishṇu Smṛiti is translated by Jolly in S.B.E. vii; the Nãrada Smṛiti with the fragments of Bṛihaspati, ibid. xxxiii. The text of the 'shorter Nārada' is separately translated by Jolly (London, 1876). A German translation of the Yājñavalkya Dharma Çāstra appeared with the text (1849).

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Translations of the epic poems: The Mahābhārata in the northern recension has been translated into English by various pandits under the nominal editorship of Pratapa Chandra Ray (Roy) in Calcutta (1883–96); also by M. N. Dutt (Calcutta, 1896); and an abridged translation by R. C. Dutt (London, 1899). The Rāmāyaṇa, text and Italian translation by Gaspare Gorresio (1843–67); abridged translation by R. T. H. Griffith (Benares, 1895).

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3. GENERAL SURVEYS.

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The most important works bearing on the period represented by the Sūtras, Çāstras, and Epics are as follows:

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For a general survey of the subject: R. C. Dutt, History of civilization in Ancient India (revised edn. London, 1893); Mrs Manning, Ancient and mediaeval India (London, 1869); J. W. M'Crindle, Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian (Bombay, 1877); idem, by Ktesias (1882); idem, by Ptolemy (1885); Antiquities of India by L. D. Barnett (London, 1913); Ancient India by E. J. Rapson (Cambridge, 1914); Colebrooke's Essays (Life and Essays of H. T. Colebrooke, new edn. by E. B. Cowell, London, 1873) contain papers on Hindu Courts of Justice and Preface to the Digest, which are still valuable. West and Bühler's Digest of Hindu Law (Bombay, 1867–9) contains many extracts from later law-books. The best general review of Hindu law (Sūtras and Çāstras) is found in Julius Jolly's Recht und Sitte (1896). For the religious life of this epoch compare M. Monier-Williams, Religious Thought and Life in India (4th edn. London, 1891) and Indian Wisdom (1893). J. Muir's Original Sanskrit Texts (London, 1868–84) give copious extracts from the religious chapters of the epics.

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4. SPECIAL STUDIES.

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Special studies are those of W. Caland on burial practices, Die altindischen Toten- und Bestattungsgebräuche (Amsterdam, 1896); of the same writer on Altindische Zauberei (Amsterdam, 1908); on the marriage-customs, E. Hass in Ind. Stud. v, pp. 267 f. [containing part of the Kauçika Sūtra]; The Hindu law of marriage and Strīdhana (woman's property) by G. Banerjee (Tagore Lectures revised, Calcutta, 1896); see also the references given above in chap. x, p. 233, n. 1; on the ordeals, Die Gottesurtheile der Inder by E. Schlagintweit (Munich, 1866); Alter u. Herkunft des german. Gottesurtheils by A. Kaegi (1887).

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5. THE EPICS.

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For the epic compare in general A. Holtzmann, Das Mahābhārata (Kiel, 1892–5); J. Dahlmann, Das Mahābhārata als Epos u. Rechtsbuch (Berlin, 1895); H. Jacobi, Mahābhārata, Inhaltsangabe (Bonn, 1903); E. W. Hopkins, The Great Epic of India; and India Old and New (New York, 1901). Special studies: Bühler and Kirste, Contributions to the history of the Mahābhārata (Sitz. Wien, 1892) and Die indischen Inschriften u. das Alter der ind. Kunstpoesie (ibid. 1890). Apart from the Bhagavadgītā, which has its own literature, may be mentioned *inter alia* the collection of philosophical texts of the epic by Paul Deussen and Otto Strauss, Vier philosophische Texte des Mahābhāratam (Leipzig, 1906). A special study of the Social and Military Position of the Ruling Caste was published in the J.A.O.S., 1888, by the writer.

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The best commentary on the Rāmāyaṇa is by H. Jacobi, Das Rāmāyaṇa (Bonn, 1893). For the synchronous character of part of the Vishṇu Purāṇa, Harivaṁça, and Bālakāṇḍa of the Rāmāyaṇa compare Lesný in Z.D.M.G. LXVII, pp. 497 f. On the original linguistic form of the epics see Winternitz, Gesch. d. ind. Lit. I, p. 436; Jacobi, Z.D.M.G. XLVIII, p. 407; and Rapson, J.R.A.S., 1904, pp. 435 f. Compare also Lüders on the Ṛishyaçriṅga story, G.G.N., 1897, pp. 87 f.

Chapter XIII. The Purāṇas

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1. Texts and Translations.

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For a full bibliography see Winternitz, Übersicht über die Purāṇa-Litteratur (Gesch. d. ind. Litt. I, pp. 450–483).

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Bhāgavata Purāṇa. Ed. with French trans. by E. Burnouf, continued by Hauvette-Besnault and Roussel. Paris, 1840–98.

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Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa. Trans. F. E. Pargiter. Calcutta, 1904. [The geographical notes are most valuable.]

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Viṣhṇu Purāṇa. Trans. H. H. Wilson (vols. I–V = Works, ed. Fitzedward Hall, vols. VI–X. London, 1864–70). [A storehouse of information concerning the mythology and legendary history of the epics and Purāṇas.]

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Pargiter, F. E. The Purāṇa Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age. Oxford, 1913. [A most useful collection of the different texts with various readings and an English translation. Mr Pargiter’s theories as to the literary history of the Purāṇas are not generally accepted.]

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2. General.

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Abbott, J. E. The Topographical List of the Bhagavata Purana. Ind. Ant., 1899.

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Bhandarkar, D. R. Lectures on the Ancient History of India. Calcutta, 1919.

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Bhandarkar, R. G. Early History of the Dekhan. 2nd edn. Bombay, 1895.

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Deb, H. K. Udayana Vatsaraja. Calcutta, 1919.

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Fleet, J. F. The Kali-yuga era. J.R.A.S., 1911.

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Jackson, A. M. T. Epic and Puranic Notes. Jour. Bombay Br. R.A.S., Centenary Memorial Volume, 1905.

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Kennedy, J. The Puranic Histories of the early Aryas. J.R.A.S., 1915.

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Lacôte, F. Essai sur Guṇāḍhya et la Bṛhatkathā. Paris, 1908.

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Pargiter, F. E. Ancient Indian Genealogies and Chronology. J.R.A.S., 1910.

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—— Earliest Indian traditional ‘History.’ J.R.A.S., 1914.

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—— The North Pañcāla Dynasty. J.R.A.S., 1918.

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1. ORIGINAL SOURCES, TEXTS, AND TRANSLATIONS.

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(*a*) ORIENTAL.

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For Vedic authorities see Bibl. to Chapters IV, 1 and V, 1.

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Avesta. Ed. K. F. Geldner. Stuttgart, 1886–96.

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—— Eng. trans. J. Darmesteter and L. H. Mills. Oxford, 1880–7. S.B.E. vols. IV, XXIII, XXXI. (Part I, the Vendîdâd, S.B.E. vol. IV, also in 2nd edn. Oxford, 1895.)

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—— French trans. C. de Harlez. 2nd edn. Paris, 1881.

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—— French trans. J. Darmesteter. Paris, 1892–3. Annales du Musée Guimet, vols. XXI, XXII, XXIV.

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—— German trans. F. Wolff. Strassburg, 1910. [Contains all except the Gāthās, for which consult Chr. Bartholomae, Die Gatha’s des Awesta, Strassburg, 1905.]

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Old Persian Inscriptions in general. Ed. and trans. F. H. Weissbach. Die Keilinschriften der Achämeniden. Leipzig, 1911.

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Bahistān Inscriptions. Ed. and trans. L. W. King and R. C. Thompson. The Sculptures and Inscription of Darius the Great on the Rock of Behistûn in Persia. London, 1907.

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—— A. Hoffmann-Kutschke. Die altpersischen Keilinschriften des Grosskönigs Dārajawausch des Ersten am Berge Bagistān. Stuttgart, 1908.

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Pahlavi Literature. Citations, with references to texts and translations, by A. V. W. Jackson, Notes and Allusions to Ancient India in Pahlavī literature and in Firdausī’s Shāh-nāmah. Festschrift Ernst Windisch, pp. 209–12. Leipzig, 1914.

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Firdausī. Shāh-nāmah. Ed. J. A. Vullers (and S. Landauer). Leyden, 1877–84.

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—— Eng. trans. A. G. and E. Warner. London, 1905–15.

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(*b*) GREEK AND LATIN.

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Arrian. Anabasis. Ed. A. G. Roos. Leipzig, 1907.

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—— Indica. Arriani Scripta Minora, pp. 1–55, ed. R. Hercher. 2nd edn. Leipzig, 1885.

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—— Eng. trans. of both Anabasis and Indica, by E. J. Chinnock. London, 1893. See also Megasthenes, *infra*.

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Ctesias. Fragments of the Persica and of the Indica. Ed. C. Müller in Dindorf’s Herodotus. Paris, 1844.

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—— Fragments of the Persica. Ed. J. Gilmore. London, 1888.

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—— Eng. trans. of the Indica by J. W. M'Crindle, Ancient India as described by Ktêsias the Knidian. Calcutta, Bombay, and London, 1882.

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Hecataeus. Fragments. F.H.G. I, 1–31, ed. C. Müller. Paris, 1841.

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Herodotus. History. Ed. C. Hude. 2nd edn. Oxford, 1913–14.

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—— Eng. trans. G. Rawlinson. London, 1858–60.

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—— Eng. trans. G. C. Macaulay. London and New York, 1904.

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Isidore of Charax. Mansiones Parthicae. Geographi Graeci Minores, I, 244–56, ed. C. Müller. Paris, 1855. —— Ed. and trans. W. H. Schoff. Parthian Stations of Isidore of Charax. Philadelphia, 1914. Justinus. Historiae Philippicae. Ed. F. Ruehl. Leipzig, 1886. Megasthenes. Fragments of the Indica. Ed. E. A. Schwanbeck. Bonn, 1846. —— Eng. trans. J. W. M'Crindle, Ancient India as described by Megasthenês and Arrian. Calcutta, Bombay, and London, 1877. Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Ed. C. Mayhoff. Leipzig, 1892–1909. Strabo. Geographica. Ed. A. Meineke. Leipzig, 1866–7. —— Eng. trans. H. C. Hamilton and W. Falconer. London, 1854–7. Xenophon. Cyropaedia. Ed. and trans. W. Miller. London and New York, 1914.

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2. MODERN WORKS.

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(*The signs < > indicate that a work was not published at the time when the main body of the chapter was written.*)

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Bartholomae, Chr. Altiranisches Wörterbuch. Strassburg, 1905. [Indispensable for the interpretation of the ancient Irānian texts.] Brunnhofer, H. Urgeschichte der Arier in Vorder- und Centralasien. Historisch-geographische Untersuchungen über den ältesten Schauplatz des Rigveda und Avesta. Bd. I. Iran und Turan. Bd. II. Vom Pontus bis zum Indus. Bd. III. Vom Aral bis zur Gaṅgâ. Leipzig, 1893. (Also separately issued.) [Maintains somewhat exaggerated views.] —— Arische Urzeit. Forschungen auf dem Gebiete des ältesten Vorder- und Zentralasiens nebst Osteuropa. Bern, 1910. [See note on the preceding.] Dames, M. L. Article ‘Afghānistān,’ in Encyclopaedia of Islām, I, 146–73. Leyden and London, 1913. —— Article ‘Balōčistān,’ ibid. I, 625–40. Geiger, W. Geographie von Iran. Grund. d. ir. Phil. II, 371–94. Strassburg, 1896–1904. Goldsmid, Sir F. J. Eastern Persia: Journeys of the Persian Boundary Commission, 1870–71–72. London, 1876. [See especially vol. I, The Geography, etc.] Hillebrandt, A. Vedische Mythologie. Breslau, 1891–1902. Hopkins, E. W. Prāgāthikāni, I. J.A.O.S. XVII, 23–92. New Haven, 1896. How, W. W., and Wells, J. A Commentary on Herodotus. Oxford, 1912. Jackson, A. V. W. Notes and Allusions to Ancient India in Pahlavī literature and in Firdausī's Shāh-nāmah. Festschrift Ernst Windisch, pp. 209–12. Leipzig, 1914. Justi, F. Geschichte Irans von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Ausgang der Sāsāniden. Grund. d. ir. Phil. II, 395–550. Strassburg, 1896–1904. Katz, E. Cyrus des Perserkönigs Abstammung, Kriege, und Tod. Klagenfurt, 1895. Kennedy, J. The Early Commerce of Babylon with India, 700–300 B.C. J.R.A.S., 1898, pp. 241–88. —— <The Gospels of the Infancy, etc. Ibid., 1917, pp. 209–43, 469–540 (esp. pp. 219–25).> —— <The Aryan Invasion of Northern India. Ibid., 1919, pp. 493–529 (esp. pp. 495–501, 518–19).> Kiessling, M. Zur Geschichte der ersten Regierungsjahre des Darius Hystaspis. (Dissertation.) Leipzig, 1900.

The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c35: General Bibliography

Contents

General Bibliography

B. Sources of History

Chapter III. The Āryans

Chapter IV. The Age of the Rigveda

Chapter VI. The History of the Jains

Chapter VII. The Early History of the Buddhists

Chapters IX—XII

Chapter XIII. The Purāṇas