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The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c37: Index

The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c37

Language
English

Contents

Index

v1.c37.1.1

.Abastanes, tribe, 376 .Abdagases, 578, 580, 590, 592 Abhaya, king of Ceylon, 607, 608 Abhaya, son of Yaṭṭhālaya, 609 Abhayagiri monastery, 610 Abhaya Kumāra, 186 Abhidhamma, 192, 193, 197 -Abhijit, 139 .Abhīras, tribe, 596 Abhisāra, 349, 353, 357, 360, 370, 371, 373, 377, 383, 406, 468 -Abhisares, 468 Abhyāvartin Chāyamāna, 84, 87, 322 Abu, mt, 21, 22, 34 Açani, 237 Acesines. *See* Chenāb Achaemenids, 51, 73, 319, 328, 329, 340 ff., 390, 438, 494, 540, 565, 567, 618, 634; inscriptions. *See* Persia Āchārāṅga-sūtra, 158, 160 .Açmakas, 315, 316 Açoka, Asoka, 166, 167, 189, 199, 222, 223, 315, 433, 442, 473, 495 ff., 516, 518, 519, 527, 534, 538, 608, 622, 627, 630; chronology, 171, 503; edicts, 61, 146, 193 ff., 467, 480, 481, 483, 484, 486, 494, 496 ff., 523, 540, 597, 599, 602, 603, 617 ff.; extent of rule, 514 ff. .Açokārāma, 498, 500, 501 .Āçramas, 246, 281 Açvaghosha, 482, 483, 507 Açvakas, 352 Açvalāyana Gṛihya Sūtra, 233, 235, 239, 251, 256 Açvamedha. *See* Horse sacrifice Açvamedhadatta, 302 Açvapati, 124, 126, 127 Açvasena, 154 Açvattha, 136, 240 Açvayuja rite, 239 Açvinī, 111 Açvins, 104, 110, 138, 320 Adan I, II, 598 Aden, 1, 2, 16, 36 .Adharma, ordeal, 283 Adhisīmakṛishṇa, 302, 306, 308 Adhṛishtas, 371 Adhvaryu, 107, 114 Adhyakshas, 488 Ādi Purāṇa.

v1.c37.1.2

*See* Brahmā Purāṇa Aditi, 105, 232 .Ādityas, 88, 105, 232 Aḍiyārkku-nallār, 597 .Adraistai, 371 Aelian, 270, 399, 406, 407, 412, 417, 425, 493 Aemilius Paulus, 71 .Aeschylus, 70, 394 Aesop, 257 Afghānistān, 24, 26 ff., 30, 32, 34, 38, 43, 53, 74, 79, 191, 321, 326, 327, 333, 338, 339, 346, 347, 431, 434, 436, 444, 472, 540, 542, 560, 562, 564, 583, 645 Afghāns, 42, 70, 352; Afghān War, 1882, 33 Africa, West, 132 Agalappulai, 595 .Agastya, sage, 596 Agathocleia, 461, 552, 553, 559, 560, 588, 589 Agathocles, 438, 449 ff., 552; coins, 464, 546, 586 agghakāraka, 216 Aghora, 238 Agni, 73, 104, 105, 129, 142, 232, 233, 247, 288; on coins, 538 Agni-Brahmā, 500 Agnimitra, 223, 518 ff., 523, 525, 538, 600 Agni Purāṇa, 301 Agoranomoi. *See* Agronomoi Agra, 13 ff., 17, 20, 23, 24, 309 Agrahāyaṇī, 232 Agrammes, 468, 469 Agrianes, 351 Agriculture, Indo-European, 68; Vedic, 99; later, 18, 135, 136, 202, 206, 238, 248, 287, 410, 417, 474 .Agronomoi (for Agoranomoi), 417, 508 Ahicchatra, 316, 520, 524 ff. ahiṁsā, 138, 162, 504 .Ahmadābād, 19, 21, 27 Ahura Mazda, 76, 103, 319, 320, 324 Aigloi, 387 Ā'īn-i-Akbarī, 474 Aitareya Āraṇyaka, 115; Brāhmaṇa, 115, 117, 121, 124, 126, 127, 130, 132, 134, 145, 254, 279, 598 Aiyar, K. G. Sankara, 538 Ajanta, 499, 635, 636 Ajas, 82, 85 Ajātaçatru of Kāçi, 122, 123, 127 Ajātaçatru of Magadha, Ajātasattu, 122, 123, 156, 157, 160 ff., 181 ff., 189, 218, 310 ff., 315, 337, 469, 624;

v1.c37.1.3

Kūṇika, 156, 183, 311 Ājīvikas, 159, 482, 498, 501, 509, 512, 619 Ajmer, 21, 22 Ajodhyā. *See* Ayodhyā ākāça, 419 Akara, 523, 533 Akbar, 474 Akesines. *See* Chenāb Ākhurāja, 238 Ākhyāyikā, 482 Akra, 647 Akshāvāpa, ratnin, 131 Alakāpurī cave, 642 'Alam, Shāh, 562 Alasanda. *See* Alexandria-under-the-Caucasus Alasanda-dvīpa, 550 Albanian, 71 Alexander = Nandrus, 469 Alexander of Epirus, 502 Alexander the Great, 23, 29, 33, 34, 51, 57 ff., 113, 164, 223, 225, 313, 315, 331, 332, 341, 345 ff., 403, 428, 429, 439, 450, 453, 467 ff., 490, 491, 494, 520, 542 ff., 550, 551, 564, 621; coin types, 462; historians of, 58, 528, 541, 555; successors, 540 ff., 565; coins, 541; Itinerarium Alexandri, 542, 675 Alexander Polyhistor, 425 Alexandria, 425, 517 Alexandria = Rhambacia, 380 Alexandria - among - the - Arachosians, 347, 543 Alexandria [Opiana], 376 Alexandria Sogdiana, 377 Alexandria-under-the-Caucasus, 348, 350, 355, 383, 542, 543; Alasanda of the Yonas, 550 Alī Masjid, 32 Alikhat, 231 Alinas, 81 Alishang valley, 352 Allahābād, 13, 14, 17, 29, 45, 110, 469, 520, 527, 528; Prayāga, 110, 520 Allakappa, 175 Almora District, 529, 539 Alphabets, 62, 140, 529. *See* Brahmī, Kharoshṭhī Alpine race, 45 Alwar, 84, 121, 316, 528 Amarapura, 7 Amarāvati, on the Kistna, 599 Amb, 356 Ambā, 253, 255 Ambāla, 43, 79 Ambhi, 350; Omphis, 350, 357 ff., 361, 367, 377, 383 Ambikā, 253 Ameshaspentas, 76 Amitraghāta. *See* Bindusāra Amitratapana Çushmina, 121 Amitrochates.

v1.c37.1.4

*See* Bindusāra Amoghabhūti, 529, 539 Āmohinī tablet, 526, 575, 576, 633 Amorges, 338 Amritsar, 26, 371, 414 *amsala*, 138 Amu Daria. *See* Oxus Amulets, 239 Amun, 374, 379 Amusements, 102, 136, 138, 272, 417, 480 Amyntas, 556, 560, 591 Amyrgioi Sakai, 338, 564 Anaghā, 238 Ānanda, elder, 201 Ananta Gumphā, Khandagiri, 639, 640 *anāsaḥ*, no-nose, 85, 267 Anāthapiṇḍika, 207, 211, 213, 216, 219, 624 Anatolia, 45 Ancyra, battle, 440

v1.c37.2.1

Andamans, 6, 37 Andhavana, 201 Andhradeça, 599, 603 Andhraka, 518, 521 Andhras, 117, 124, 223, 224, 227, 249, 274, 279, 299, 311, 317, 318, 473, 475, 514, 516, 518, 519, 522, 523, 529 ff., 593, 594, 598 ff., 635. *See also* Telugus Andragoras, 438; coins, 464 Androsthenes of Cyzicus, 442 Androsthenes of Thasos, 423 Aṅgas, 48, 117, 123 ff., 160, 172, 173, 182, 190, 309, 311, 315, 317, 527, 534, 601 Aṅgas (Veda-), 245, 482 Aṅguttara Nikāya, 172, 178, 186, 189, 192, 194 ff., 202, 214, 215 Animisha, 231 Animism, 144, 169 Añjanavana, 199, 202 Annam, 5, 48 Anspach, A. E., 349, 351, 355, 361, 362, 365, 370, 371, 373 ff., 379, 380, 383 Antaka, 238 Antapālas, 488 Antarvaṃçika, 488 Antialcidas, 461, 521, 522, 552, 558, 625; coins, 556, 559, 560, 590, 591 Antigone of Sophocles, 646 Antigonus, king of Asia, 429, 432, 472 Antigonus Gonatas, 502 Antimachus I, Theos, 449 ff., 560; coins, 465, 546, 547, 586 Antimachus II, Nikephoros (?), 449, 547 Antioch, 432 Antiochus I of Syria, 389, 400, 432 ff., 443, 447, 450, 453; coins, 463 Antiochus II, Theos, 432, 435 ff., 443, 496, 502, 515; coins, 463 ff. Antiochus III the Great, 440 ff., 453, 458, 512, 542 Antiochus IV Epiphanes, 454, 457, 458 Antiochus VII, 458 Antiochus in Milindapañha, 550 Antipater, 428 Ants, gold-digging, 396, 403 Anu, tribe, 82, 118, 317 Anuçāsana, 265 Anukramaṇī, 126 Anulā, queen, 610 Anurādha, brother of Bhaddakachchānā, 607 Anurādhapura, 606 ff.

v1.c37.2.2

Anuruddha, king, 189 *anusaṃyāna*, 508 Aornus, 356, 357, 369 Apadāna, 183, 197 Apālā, 90 Apām Napāt, 104 Aparānta, 603 Aparāntaka, 499 Aparytai, 339 Apastamba, 113, 227, 229, 231, 234, 235, 237 ff., 283, 288, 290, 293, 301 Āpayā, 80, 83 Apes. *See* Monkeys Aphices, Aphrikes, 356 Aphrodite, on gems, 648 Apollo, on coins, 436, 437, 460, 463, 466, 547, 548, 552, 555, 586, 587 Apollodorus of Artemita, 425, 445, 542, 543 Apollodotus I, 460, 461, 543, 544, 547, 548, 550 ff., 555, 557, 558, 560, 571, 586, 587 Apollodotus II Philopator, 549, 552 ff., 587, 588 Apollonius of Tyana, 425 Apollophanes, satrap, 380, 381; king, 552, 553; coins, 589 Appian, 431 Apsarasas, 105, 145, 256 Arabian Sea, 2, 27, 34, 36, 51, 426, 595, 600 Arabitae, 380 Arachosia, 87, 326, 328, 333, 337, 341, 380, 431, 442, 444, 457, 472, 473, 542, 545, 546, 548, 554, 564, 568, 569, 571, 573, 574, 578, 583 Araḍā, 238 Arahant. *See* Arhat Arakan, 7; range, 8 Aral sea, 28, 69, 70 Aramaic script, 62. *See* Kharoshṭhī Araṇyakas, 114 ff. Arattas, 242 Arāvalli hills, 20 ff., 25, 34 Aravas, 380 Arbela, 341 Archebius, king, 556, 559, 591 Architecture, 137, 237, 259, 480, 616 ff., 624, 647; Hellenistic, 646; Jain, 22; Musalmān, 20, 24;

v1.c37.2.3

chaityas, rock temples, stūpas, 634 Areioi, 340 Argante, 394 Arghandāb, river, 80 Argive king, 394 Arhat, 159, 196 Aria, 87, 327, 337, 431, 457, 542, 544 Ariāna, 540, 542, 548, 554, 564, 567 Ariaspians, 332 Arigaeon, 353 Aristobulus, 352, 367, 399, 403 ff., 414 ff., 421 Aristotle, 393 Arius, river, 441 Arjuna, 257, 258, 265, 266, 269, 528 Ārjunāyanas, 528 Armenia, 27, 45, 71, 569; language, 71, 73 Armies, 98, 246, 270, 289, 410, 412, 418, 476, 489, 490, 517; modern, 27, 29, 32 Arna, 84 Arnold, E. V., 78, 108 Arrian, 141, 292, 321, 331, 332, 341, 348 ff., 353, 356, 359, 362 ff., 367, 369, 371, 372, 374, 378, 381, 383, 384, 386, 388, 390, 399, 400, 404, 405, 407, 409, 411 ff., 415, 424, 425, 428, 433, 438, 446, 472, 477, 617 Arsaces I, 438, 439 Arsaces II, 438 Arsaces III, 441 Arsaces of Uraçā, 373 Arsacidae, 458. *See* Parthians Artabanus I, 459, 567, 578 Artabanus III, 578 Artabates, 340 Artaxerxes Mnēmōn, 397 Artemidorus, 557, 558, 587 Artemis, on coins, 558, 587 Arthaçāstra, 113, 151, 157, 294, 295, 421, 467, 474 ff., 504, 505, 507 Aruvāḻar, tribe, 596, 598 Aruvā-nāḍu, 596 Aruvā-vaḍatalai, 596 ārya, 73, 240, 481 Āryamitra, 527, 538 Aryans, 40, 46, 54, 56, 65 ff., 240, 242, 247, 254, 267, 290, 294, 295, 305, 308, 309, 317, 318, 320, 604, 605, 615; in South, 596, 598, 602, 606; invasions, 23, 36, 42, 45, 49, 51, 52, 79, 119, 124, 222, 275, 594;

v1.c37.2.4

languages, 50, 52, 71, 73, 74 Āryāvarta, 51, 242 Aryo-Dravidian type, 45, 46, 48, 120 Aryo-Indian stock, 73 Asandhimitrā, 500 Āsandīvant, 117, 121 Ascetics, 151, 358, 411, 421 Asela, son of Mutasiva, 608, 609 Ashāḍhasena, 524, 537 Ashṭakas, 355 Asia, 1, 496 Asia Minor, 70 Asiani, 459 Asiatic Society of Bengal, founded, 63, 65 Asii, 459 Asikni. *See* Chenāb Asoka. *See* Açoka Aspa, strategos, 581 Aspasioi, 352 Aspavarman, 577, 578, 581, 590, 592 Aspionos, 457 Assagetes, 355 Assakas, 172, 173 Assakēnoi, 141, 352, 353, 355, 356, 468 Assakēnos, 353 Assam, 9, 11, 12, 36, 40, 47, 48, 613 Assamese, 49, 51 Assurbanipal, 76 Assyria, 76; Assyrian kings, 141; art, 632, 644; civilisation, 615 Astakenoi, 141 Astes, 355 Astrologers, 136 Astronomy, 139, 140, 148, 226, 385 Astynomoi, 417, 418 Asura Maya, 673 Asuras, 76, 106, 145, 146, 233; epithet of Varuna, 103, 111 Atharvaçiras, 245 Atharvaveda, 48, 56, 115, 117, 120, 121, 123, 124, 136, 138, 139, 145, 146, 229, 249, 252, 262, 298, 301, 302, 306, 309, 322 Athena, on coins, 433, 448, 462 ff., 552, 554, 571, 588, 589, 592; on gems, 647; shield of, 376

v1.c37.3

Athenaeus, 413, 422, 423 Athens, 346; coin types, 386, 462 Athravas, 125 Atithigva, 82, 101 Ātman theory, 142, 151, 249 Atnāra, 122 Atthasālinī, 193, 207 Attic weight-standard, 388, 433, 434, 456, 460, 555, 645 Attock, 31, 346, 445 Atyarāti Jānamtapi, 121 Augustus Caesar, 597 Aurangābād District, 514, 531 Aurangzeb, 24 Australians, 41 Austric languages, 37, 41, 48, 49 Ava, 7 Avanti, 172, 173, 185 ff., 274, 310, 311, 316, 469, 514, 531, 533 Avantikā, 531 Avantiputta, 185 Avantivardhana, 311 Avesta, 49, 56, 73, 74, 76, 111, 113, 319 ff., 323 ff.; Gāthās, 74 Ayar, tribe, 596, 598 *ayas*, 56, 100, 137 Ayodhyā, 305, 309, 527, 531, 538 Azes I, 554, 646; another, 572; coins, 569, 572 ff., 587, 589, 590, 592; era, 576, 581, 582, 584 Azes II, 573, 574, 578, 581; coins, 577, 590 ff. Azilises, 569, 573, 574; coins, 529, 539, 570 ff., 587 ff.

v1.c37.4

Bab-el-Mandeb, 426 Babelon, E., 343, 435 Babylon, 87, 330, 373, 386, 390, 428, 429, 433; Babylonia, 76, 140, 615; trade, 62, 212, 329, 396, 517 Back Bay, 17 Bactra, 441 Bactria, 33, 34, 43, 51, 58 ff., 70, 327, 329, 338, 348, 350, 383, 386, 389, 561; Greek kingdom, 34, 224, 225, 427 ff., 540 ff., 550, 554, 556, 563, 565, 621, 644; Bactrians, 340, 341, 351, 385, 387, 564; coins, 446 ff., 545, 547 ff. Badagara, 595 Baden-Powell, B. H., 101 Baghdad, 615 Bahasatimitra, 524 ff., 537, 538 Bahāwalpur State, 585 Bahistān inscr., 327, 334, 335, 337, 621 Bāhiya, Tamil, 610 Bahmanābād, 378 Baindas, 129 Baines, Sir A., 528 Bairāt, 316 Bākhtri. *See* Bactria Bakony Wald, 69 Bälä Tisu, 611 Balabhūti, 526 Bālaka, 311 Bälani Tissa, 611 Balat Sivuvā, Balavat Siṭuvāya, 611 Balbūtha, 86 Balhika Prātipīya, 122, 322; Balhikas, 124 Bali, king, 601 Bali offering, 230 Balkans, 68 Balkh, 51, 70, 327, 348, 363, 441, 442 Baloch, 42, 52 Baluchistān, 27, 29, 30, 38, 42 ff., 52, 53, 85, 321, 326, 328, 332, 333, 338, 431, 564, 594, 613, 614 Bāṇa. *See* Harshacharita Banavāsi, 603 Bandhupālita, 511 Band-i-Baiān, 327 Banerji, R. D., 314 Bangalore, 5, 15 Bankipore, 477 Bannu District, 647 Barābar hills, 498, 501, 618, 619, 634 Bareilly District, 525 Barnett, L. D., 294 Baroda, 19, 20 Barsentes, 87 Bartholomae, C., 324 ff. Barugaza. *See* Broach Basārh. *See* Vesālī Basukuṇḍ, 157 Batin, 41 Battle-axe, on coins, 539 Baudhāyana, 134, 140, 217, 218, 237, 241, 242, 244, 245, 247 ff., 292, 293 Bāveru, 212; Jātaka, 396 Bayana, 327 Beal, S., 513 Beās, 59, 529; Vipāç, 80, 81, 324, 341, 345, 408, 544; Hyphasis, 345, 372, 373, 375, 383, 402, 427, 468, 543 Bedsā cave, 635 ff. Begrām, 348, 452 Bekanāṭa, 87 Bellary District, 599 Benares, 13, 14, 23, 25, 117, 173, 174, 187, 199, 201, 206, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 301, 517, 522, 527; Division, 308 Bengal, 8, 9 ff., 24, 25, 35, 36, 47, 48, 51, 191, 242, 469, 512, 534, 605, 606; Bay, 2, 4, 5, 16, 19, 34, 51, 402, 430, 595, 601; Nawābs, 24 Bengali, 15, 51 Bengali type. *See* Mongolo-Dravidian Berār. *See* Vidarbha Bergny, A. V., 529 Besnagar, 517; columns. *See* Bhilsa Betwa, 522 Bhābrā, 498, 505 Bhaddā, queen, 189 Bhaddakachchānā, 607 Bhaddasāla, Bhadrasāra, monk, 499, 608 Bhaddiya, 177 Bhadrabāhu, 154, 156, 164, 165, 169 Bhadraka, 521 Bhadrasāra, king. *See* Bindusāra Bhadrasāra, missionary. *See* Bhaddasāla Bhadrasena, 123 Bhadrayaçasa, 554, 589

v1.c37.5

Bhaga, god, 238 Bhāga, Çuṅga, 518, 521 Bhāgabhadra, 521, 558 Bhāgadugha, ratnin, 131 Bhagala, 372, 468 Bhāgalpur, 48, 213, 309, 311, 315, 527 Bhagavadgītā, 273, 275, 484 Bhāgavata, Çuṅga, 518, 521, 522 Bhāgavatas. *See* Vishnu Bhagavatī-sūtra, 163 Bhaggas, 175 Bhājā cave, 635 ff. Bhalanases, 82 Bhamo, 7 *bhaṇḍāgārika*, 206 Bhandarkar, D. R., 295, 522 Bhandarkar, R. G., 520 Bharadvāja, purohita, 518 Bhāradvājas, 82, 84, 87, 202 Bharata, ancestor, 304, 308 Bhārata, country, 304 Bharata, Jain, 153 Bhārata, poem, 251, 256 Bharata Dauḥshanti, 47, 120, 308 Bharatas, 47, 81, 91, 92, 116, 118 ff., 123, 251, 252, 262, 276, 306, 307; seven, 174 Bharatavarsha, 304; Bhāratavarsha, 536, 537 Bharatpur, Bhartpur, 84, 316, 528 Bhārhut, 517, 524; Stūpa, 200, 215, 476, 479, 501, 523, 624, 626, 629, 632, 633, 637, 640 Bharukaccha. *See* Broach Bhāsa, 471 Bhāshya, 482 Bhattiprolu, 529, 623 Bhavishya Purāṇa, 249, 301 Bheda, king, 82, 308 Bhikshurāja, 602 Bhils (Villavar?), 595 Bhīlsa, 500, 600; topes, 499, 523, 533; Besnagar columns, 521, 522, 558, 625 Bhīma, Pāṇḍu, 264 Bhīma of Vidarbha, 117 Bhīmasena, 120 Bhīshma, 255 Bhītā, 617, 643 *bhojaka*, 203, 204 Bhojakas, 535, 600 Bhojas, 274, 473, 514 Bhopāl, 634 Bhṛigukaccha. *See* Broach Bhṛigus, 82, 121 Bhutān, 11, 47 Bhūtapāla, seth, 637 Bhūtapati, 145 Bhūts, 238 Bihār, 13, 15, 17, 45, 48, 51, 55, 57, 117, 160, 242, 307, 309, 313, 485, 514, 527, 616, 618, 619, 634 Bihārī, 51 Bikaner, 21, 87 Bimarān, 646, 648 Bimbisāra, 157, 160, 163, 182 ff., 218, 310 ff., 315, 337, 616, 629; Çreṇika, 157, 311

v1.c37.6

Bindusāra, 166, 223, 315, 500, 503; Amitrochates, 433, 495; Bhadrasāra, 495 Biot, J. B., 140 Birhors, 395, 396 Birth ceremonies, 231, 236 Bithynians, 71 Black cotton soil, 18 Black Sea, 69, 70, 433, 565 Bloch, J., 616, 643 Bloomfield, M., 81, 88, 94, 144 Bodhi Kumāra, 187 Bodhi Tree, 196, 624; in Ceylon, 608 Boghaz-köi inscriptions, 72, 73, 75, 76, 320 Bohemia, 69, 70, 72 Böhtlingk, O., 88 Bokhara. *See* Bukhāra Bolān pass and river, 28 ff., 82, 564 Bombay, 2, 16 ff., 23, 27; Presidency, 19, 20, 27, 29, 44, 602 Bombay and Baroda railway, 19 Bonner, R. T., 133 Bopp, F., 65 Borghāt, 17 Bosporus, 69, 70 Boyer, A. M., 582 Brahmā, 249, 303, 485; son of a, 93 Brahmā Purāṇa, 300, 501 *brahmachārin*, 136, 151 Brahmadatta of Kāçī, 174, 180, 316 Brahmajāla Sutta, 194, 482 Brahmamitra, 526, 538, 626 *brahman*, 94, 127, 142 ff. Brāhmaṇas, 46, 47, 57, 82, 83, 125 ff., 135, 138, 142, 144, 147, 220, 252, 254, 298; period, 46, 54, 82, 112 ff., 261, 307, 309, 317, 482 Brāhmans, Brāhmanism, 46, 51, 53 ff., 92, 93, 120, 122, 124, 126 ff., 130, 132 ff., 204, 209, 221, 239, 247, 259, 266, 280, 304, 309, 377, 409 ff., 484, 488, 521, 522, 595, 596; and Kshatriya doctrine, 127, 144,; literature, 40, 48, 50, 55, 59, 77 ff., 114 ff. Brahmaputra, 8, 9, 11, 12, 36, 39 Brahmarsbideça, 46, 51, 57 Brahmāvarta, 46, 80, 81, 93, 110, 308 Brāhmī script, 62; on coins, 449, 523, 529, 538; on gems, 647; in inscriptions, 625, 628, 643 Brāhūī, 42, 49, 85, 613; mts, 540, 564 Bretzl, H., 405 Bribu, 87 Bṛihadāraṇyaka Upanishad, 116, 121, 136, 143, 549 Bṛihadratha, 309, 310, 511, 512, 517 Bṛihaduktha, 121 Bṛihannārāyaṇa Purāṇa, 270 Bṛihaspati, law-book, 280, 282, 283, 286, 287, 290 Bṛihaspati, Maurya, 511 Bṛihāsvātimitra. *See* Bahasatimitra Briñjāras, 489 Brisaya, 82, 87 Broach, Bharukaccha, 212, 213; Barugaza, 548; Bhṛigukaccha, 517

v1.c37.7

Bronze, 56, 100; age of, 614 Brunnhofer, A., 323 Bucephala, 368, 374, 551, 588 Buddha, 14, 122, 150, 152, 160 ff., 185, 196, 214, 222, 309, 311, 317, 470, 480, 482, 491, 524, 551, 605, 606, 616; date, 112, 156, 163, 171 ff., 604, 607; in sculpture, 619, 624, 629, 630, 643, 644, 647, 648; Gotama, Gautama, 150, 183, 184, 605; Siddhattha, 209, 306, 312, 644 Buddhacharita, 483 Buddhaghosa, 176, 181, 182, 192, 195 Buddhavamsa, 197 Buddh Gayā, 526, 618, 619; temple, 626, 628, 630. *See* Gayā Buddhism, 11, 20, 54 ff., 60, 61, 112, 116, 121, 123, 143, 144, 147, 152, 161, 171 ff., 221, 260, 261, 275, 482, 602; councils, 194, 482, 498, 505 ff.; disappearance, 55, 169, 170, 225; economic conditions, 198 ff.; missions, 433, 498, 499, 506, 603, 604 ff.; in south, 2, 596, 597; texts, 55 ff., 123, 125, 129, 156, 157, 186, 189, 197, 297, 473, 479, 482, 484, 495, 549, 604; their age, 192 ff. Bühler, G., 62, 113, 140, 152, 167, 199, 214, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246, 249, 250, 261, 283, 317, 452, 487, 505, 508, 523, 529, 530, 535, 576, 601 Bukhāra, 32, 342, 348, 350, 363, 390, 434, 436, 442 Bulgarians, 66 Bulis, 175 Bull, 99, 105; on coins, 538, 539, 547, 557, 558, 587; on seals, 618; Bull and Horseman, 557 Bundelkhand, 84, 528, 613 Burgess, J., 637 Burgon, T., 448 Burial. *See* Dead Burma, 5 ff., 36, 39, 40, 47 ff., 53, 54, 613; railways, 8, 16, 20 Burnell, A. C., 278

v1.c37.8

Çabaras, 117, 124 Çaçadharman, 511 Çaçāṅka, 513 Çaçigupta, 350, 356, 369 Çadrusi, 348 Caduceus, on coins, 546, 586 Çailūsha, 138 Çaivism. *See* Çiva Çakadvīpa, 516, 532, 564. *See* Indo-Scythia Çākala. *See* Sāgala Çakas, Sakas, 44, 60, 224, 253, 274, 304, 329, 338 ff., 459, 461, 516, 518, 526, 527, 529, 532, 533, 539, 540, 546, 548, 553, 554, 557, 558, 560, 561, 563 ff.; satraps, 168, 224, 225, 556, 574 ff.; era of Çakas in Seistān, 570; era (of Kanishka), 167, 583, 585; summary of coins, 586. *See* Scythians Çakasthāna, 564 Çakra. *See* Indra

v1.c37.9

Çakti-çrī, Çakti-kumāra, 531 Çakuntalā, 120 Çākyas. *See* Sākiyas Caland, W., 102, 106 Calcutta, 2, 9, 10, 16, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29, 216; Indian Museum, 619 Çāliçūka, 511 Calicut, 3, 4 Calingon, cape, 601 Calliope, queen, 547, 586 Çalya, 255 Çambala. *See* Sambala Çambara, 82, 84 Cambay, gulf, 16, 20, 21 Çāmbhavya Sūtra, 251 Cambodia, 48 Çambhu, 377 Cambyses, 332 ff. Camel, 32, 67; on coins, 588 Çamtanu, 126 Canals, 26, 80 Çanḍa, 231 Çan̄karāchārya, 143 Çāṅkhāyana, 232 ff., 251 Çāṅkhāyana Brāhmaṇa, 115 Cannibalism, 395, 422 Çānti, 273 Çaphāla, 124 Capisa, Capisene, 332. *See* Kāpiça Cappadocia, excavations, 72 Caravans, 211, 212 Cardamon hills, 3 Carmania, 428, 442 Carnatic, 2, 3, 4; Karṇāṭa, 165 Carpathians, 68 Cartana, 348 Çar开展āvand, 80 Çaryāta, 126 Caspian sea, 28, 69, 70, 433 Cassander, 432 Caste, 53 ff., 75, 86, 107, 125 ff., 130, 234, 235, 241, 244, 246, 248, 266 ff., 279, 280, 284, 285, 287, 314, 474 ff., 479, 480, 489, 596; in Vedas, 86, 92 ff.; in Buddhist period, 208 ff., 221, 222, 260, 266, 294; *jāti*, 55, 235, 244, 246; *varṇa*, 54, 75, 85, 92, 208, 209, 235, 244 Castor and Pollux. *See* Dioscuri Çāstra, 228, 277 ff., 482. *See* Law-books Çatadaya, 97 Çatadhanvan, 511 Çātakarni, 223, 318, 530 ff., 535, 599 ff. Çātakas, 599 *çatamāna*, 137 Çatānīka, Sātrājita, 119, 302, 308, 316 Çatapatha Brāhmaṇa, 47, 48, 50, 115 ff., 126, 130 ff., 138, 140, 142, 145, 146, 148, 252, 253, 305, 308, 316, 317, 525 Çātavāhana. *See* Sātavāhana Cathaei, Cathaeans. *See* Kshatriyas Çatru, 231 Cattle-raising. *See* Pastoral pursuits Caucasian type, 37, 38 Caucasus, 69, 70, 452 Çauṇḍikeya, 231 Cauvery. *See* Kāverī Cawnpore, 13, 14, 25, 81 Celts, 71; languages, 72 Çeṅ-guttuvan, 598 Census Report, 37, 40, 48, 50, 55 Central Indian agency, 15, 19, 21, 22 Central Provinces, 19, 48, 129, 519, 600, 614 Cerasus, 67 Çēy, king, 598 Ceylon, 2, 49, 54, 60, 62, 173, 195, 196, 213, 424, 478, 499, 514, 604 ff.; Sarandib, 606; Chronicles, 171, 184, 185, 190, 191, 312, 500, 604. *See* Dīpavaṃsa, Mahāvaṃsa Chabāhil, 501 Chadwick, H. M., 257, 272 Chahara. *See* Chhahara Chaitra, 149, 232 Chaitya halls, 634 ff., 639, 642 Chākra Revottaras Pātava, 122 Chakravartin. *See* Universal monarch Chalmers, Lord R., 156 Chaman, 30, 31 Chambal, 13, 15, 21; Charmaṇvatī, 316, 520 Champā, 160, 173, 182, 186, 201, 213 Champāran, 317 Chānakya, 151, 157, 164, 166, 470, 471. *See also* Arthaçāstra Chanda, Ramaprasad, 522 Chandal, 325 Chaṇḍālas, 129, 208 Chaṇḍavajji, 506 Chandrabansi Rājputs, 304 Chandragupta, 34, 59, 156, 165, 166, 223, 312, 315, 331, 389, 413, 417, 418, 444, 467 ff., 495, 501, 518, 535, 541, 597, 599; Chandagutta, 189 ff.; Sandrocottus, 59, 156 Chandragupta II Vikramāditya, 519, 533 Chandramās, 469 Chang-kien, 459, 461 Chappar rift, 30 Charakas, 136 Chares of Mytilene, 422, 423 Chārikār, 348, 542, 543, 550 Chariot race, 102, 138, 141 Charmaṇvatī. *See* Chambal Charms. *See* Spells Charpentier, J., 124, 156, 163 Chārsadda, 355, 543, 548 Chārumatī, 500, 501 Chātumā, 175 Chaucer, 444 Chautang, 80 Chedis, 84, 274; Cheti, 172 Chellanā, 157, 183 Chenāb, 27, 31, 83, 118, 121, 468, 549, 550; Asiknī, 80, 324, 345; Acesines, 345, 359 ff., 369, 370, 372 ff., 383, 427 Chēras, 515, 595, 596 ff.; Kēralas, 595 Chesney, Sir G. T., 517 Cheta dynasty, 534, 538, 602 Chetaka, 157 Cheti. *See* Chedis Chetiyapabbata-vihāra, 608

v1.c37.10

Cheyne, T. K., 391 Chhaddanta Jātaka, 631 Chhandaka, 630 chhandas, chhāndasa, 186 Chhandas period, 112 Chhandogas, 136 Chhāndogya Upanishad, 116, 117, 120, 133, 143, 262, 299 Chhahara, 556, 575, 576 Childers, R. C., 218 China, 5, 7, 20, 36, 38, 39, 47, 57, 58, 212, 372, 478, 496, 582; Chinese sources, 60, 188, 458, 459, 503, 524, 555, 563, 565, 566, 567, 583, 584; Great Wall, 565 Chīnas, 274 Chindwin, 7 Chins, 8 Chir tope, 581, 582 Chitaldroog District, 515 Chitor, 21, 520, 544 Chitrāl, 33, 45, 52, 119 Chitraratha, 84 Chittā, daughter of Pāṇḍu, 607 Chittagong, 9 Choes Valley, 352 Chōḷa, city, 212, 213; Chōḷa-deça, 609 Chōḷas, 515, 595 ff., 608; Çōḷas, 595 Choranāga, 610 Choṭā Nāgpur, 48, 182, 613 Chowghāt, 595 Christian communities, 36; caste in, 55 Chronicles, Book of, 594 Chronology, 77 ff., 147, 155, 171 ff., 222, 249, 276, 299, 306, 307, 310 ff., 473, 697 ff. *See* Dynastic lists Chrysostom, St John, 258 Chukhsa, 556, 576 Chullakaseṭṭhi Jātaka, 211 Chumuri, 84 Chunār, 619 Chyavana, 126, 231 Çibis, 121 Çiçunāga dynasty and king, 310 ff., 316, 503; Susunāga, 189, 313 Çigrus, 82, 85 Cilicia, 344 Çimyus, 85 Circars, 594, 599, 601, 602 Circe legend, 607 Çītalā, 575 City goddess, on coins, 587, 588 Çiva, 104, 145, 238, 255, 303, 422, 597; cult, 225, 272, 274, 289, 408, 419, 485, 532, 557; Çivaites, 124, 233, 257, 259; Mahādeva, 255 Çivadatta, 529, 539 Çivaites. *See* Çiva Çivas, 82, 121 Clisobora, 408 Clitarchus, 367, 399, 416, 417, 422 Clive, General, 24 Coal, 35 Cochin, 3, 4, 20, 595 Çoḍāsa, 526, 538, 575, 576, 633 Codomannus. *See* Darius III Coenus, 366

v1.c37.11

Coggin-Brown, J., 615 Coimbatore, Gap, 3, 4; District, 595 Coins, 60 ff., 224, 226, 524, 528, 529, 531, 534, 645; punch-marked, 343, 622, 623; key to plates I-V, 462, 538; summary of Yavanas, Çakas, and Pahlavas, 586 Colāba Point, 17 Çōlas. *See* Chōlas Colebrooke, H. T., 152 Cōliaci, 424 Colombo, 1, 2 Comorin, Cape, 2, 400 ff., 593, 595, 596 Comparative philology, 64, 65, 109 Çona Sātrāsāha, 121, 525 Çonaka, Çonakāyana, 525 Conjeeveram, 596; Kāñchī, 531, 595 Cook, S. A., 340 Coorg, 4, 595 Coorgs, 594 Cophaeus, 355 Cophēn. *See* Kābul river Copper, in Rigveda, 56, 100; age, 56, 614, 615 Coromandel, 2, 4, 5, 212 Cossa, L., 219 Cotton, 2, 3, 396, 404, 412 Councillors, royal, 271, 288, 290, 411 Courier, ratnin, 131 Cow, 129, 234, 269; unit in commerce, 97, 137, 217; slaying, 101, 102, 137, 232 Cowell, E. B., 215, 310, 415, 417, 518, 521, 522 Cowley, A., 62 Çpalahora. *See* Spalahores Çraddhā, god, 105 çramaṇa, 420, 421, 484 Craterus, 364 ff., 374, 375, 379, 564 Crateuas, 384 Çrauta sacrifices, 247 Çrauta Sūtras, 116, 227 ff., 231 Çrāvasti, 159, 160, 162, 309, 523, 617, 624; Sāvatthi, 180, 181, 184, 186, 201, 206, 211, 213 ff. Cremation. *See* Dead Çreṇika. *See* Bimbisāra çreshṭhin, 137, 477; seṭṭhi, 207 ff., 260. *See* Gilds Çrī-kākulam, 599 Crimes, Vedic, 97; later, 133, 241, 247, 248, 281 ff., 414, 486 Çrīnagar, Çrīnagarī. *See* Srinagar Croesus, 331 Çrutasena, 120 Ctesias, 137, 329, 330, 340, 341, 393, 395, 397, 423, 675 Ctesiphon, dynasty, 574 Çuddhodana. *See* Suddhodana Çūdras, 54, 86, 92, 125, 126, 128, 129, 134, 229, 231, 234, 235, 240, 244, 248, 256, 267, 285, 287, 294, 304, 313, 314, 479, 481 Çuktimat, 304 Çuṅgas, 223, 224, 317, 318, 512, 516 ff., 529 ff., 537, 544, 600, 623, 627, 628; coins, 523, 524 Cunningham, Sir A., 167, 215, 343, 348, 350, 361, 388, 442, 444, 445, 448, 452, 454, 460, 476, 499, 525, 526, 527, 546, 547, 548, 555, 560, 578, 624 Çūrasenas, 51, 167, 289, 315, 316, 408, 469, 526; Sūrasenas, 172, 185; Suraseni, 408 Çūrpāraka. *See* Suppāraka Currency, 97, 98, 137, 210, 217 Curtius, Quintus, 332, 347, 348, 353, 356, 358, 366, 369, 372, 374, 378, 380, 384, 385, 428, 469, 674 Cutch, 20, 224; Rann of, 21, 175, 380 Cuttack, 534 Çutudrī. *See* Sutlej çvamukha, 397 Çvetaketu, 122 Çvetāmbaras. *See* Jains Çvetāçvatara Upanishad, 274 Çvikna, king, 124 Çyāparnas, 126 Cyme, 443 Cypriots, 374; Cyprus, 344 Cyrene, 540 Cyrus, 29, 51, 141, 329 ff., 540, 555

v1.c37.12

Dabbasena, 180 Daçakumāracharita, 492 daçapa, 289 Daçaratha, of Ayodhyā, 309 Daçaratha, successor of Açoka, 166, 502, 511, 512, 619, 620 Daçārṇa, 523 Dacca, 2, 4, 36 Daçona, 511 Dadikai, 339, 340 Dahae, 87, 566 Dahlmann, J., 261 Daïmachus of Plataea, 399, 400, 433, 495 *daēva*, 283; Zoroastrian, 76 Daivavāta, 84 Dakshiṇā, 99 Dakshiṇāpatha, 274, 529, 602. *See* Deccan Dalbha, 119 Dalton, E. T., 395, 396 Damaraxus, 369 Dames, M. L., 328, 339 Dānastutis, 78, 84, 96 Daṇḍakāraṇya, 602 Dantapura, 173 Danube, 69 Darad, Dārada, 404 Darbhaṅgā, 317 Darçaka, king, 311, 313 Dardanelles, 69, 70 Dardistān, 396, 404 Dards, 339 Daremberg and Saglio, 391 Daric, 342, 343, 390 Darius I Hystaspes, 23, 57, 58, 74, 141, 213, 327, 333 ff., 342, 393, 438, 540, 564, 567; tomb, 634 Darius III, 74, 341, 347, 386, 634 Darjeeling, 10, 11, 25 Darmesteter, J., 324 ff. Dāsaka, elder, 506 Dāsī, 85 Dasyus, Dāsas, 54, 73, 75, 79, 82 ff., 322; Dāsa king, 82, 86

v1.c37.13

Dāṭhika, Tamil, 610 Davids, Mrs Rhys, 217 Davids, T. W. Rhys, 144, 171, 174, 175, 182 ff., 193, 195, 199, 201, 213, 317, 329, 413, 418, 469, 479, 484, 491, 549 Days of week, 279 Dead, disposal of, burial, 107, 108, 228, 236, 418, 476; cremation, 107; exposure, 415: Vedic remains, 616 Deb, H. K., 311 Dēbal, 379, 606 Deccan, 2, 14, 16 ff., 24, 35, 40, 48, 242, 516, 519, 529, 530, 535, 598, 599, 602, 603, 613, 614 Deer, on coins, 539 Dehra Dūn, 26 Delbrück, B., 89, 351, 361, 363, 364, 367 Delhi, 13, 15, 17, 20 ff., 29, 32, 34 ff., 39, 47, 216, 289, 308, 468, 499, 501, 520, 544 Demetrius I of Bactria, 441, 444 ff., 448, 451 ff., 542 ff., 551, 553, 554, 645; coins, 464, 559, 573, 586, 589 Demetrius II of Bactria, 448, 451, 452; coins, 464 Demetrius I of Syria, 457 Demetrius II of Syria, 458 Demetrius, general, 429 Demetrius in Milindapañha, 550 Deo-Pātan, 501 Derbikes, 330 Derdae, 404 Deussen, P., 144 Devabhūti, 518, 521, 522 Devaśravas, 83 Devadaha, 175 Devadharman, 511 Devajana-vidyā, 254 Devamantriya, 550 Devānampiya Tissa, 499, 608, 609 Devānandā, 157 Devapāla, 501 Deva-pattana, 501 Devāpi, 93, 94, 126 Devavarman, 511 Devavāta, 83 Devī of Vedisā, 500 Devol Deviyō, 606 Dhamma and Vinaya, 192, 194 Dhammapada, 197, 206; com., 182, 184, 186, 187, 193, 202, 215 Dhammapāla, commentator, 183 Dhammapāla, elder, 186 Dhamma-saṅgaṇi, 197, 214 Dhammāsoka, 608. *See* Açoka Dhanabhūti Vacchiputa, 523 Dhanananda, 313, 469 Dhānya-kataka, 599 Dharāghosha, 529, 539 Dharanikōta, 599 Dharma, 280, 281, 496, 503 ff., 507; ordeal, 283 Dharma Çāstras. *See* Law-books Dharma-mahāmātras, 497, 506, 509 Dharma Nibandhas, 278 Dharmapāla, king, 523, 538 Dharma-pāṭhakas, 277

v1.c37.14

Dharmarakshita, 499 Dharma Sūtras, 116, 227 ff., 231, 234, 240 ff.; date, 250, 295 dharna, 284 Dhataraṭṭha, 174 Dhauli, 496, 497 Dhritarāshṭra Vaicitravīrya, 119, 123, 316 Dhruva, 149 Dhuni, 84 Dhvasan Dvaitavana, 121 Dice, 98, 102, 130, 131, 138, 237, 247, 262, 263, 281, 282 Digambaras. *See* Jains Dīgha-Gāmaṇī, 607 Dīgha Nikāya, 156, 173 ff., 177, 179, 182, 184, 185, 192, 194, 196 ff., 201, 205, 209, 211, 214, 470 Dīghāvu, 179 Dīghāyu, brother of Bhaddakachchānā, 607 Dīghīti, 180 Diodorus Siculus, 332, 347, 348, 351, 353, 356 ff., 369, 370, 372, 374, 378, 380, 384, 397, 402, 407, 408, 414, 415, 425, 427 ff., 469, 674 Diodotus I, 435 ff., 443, 450, 451, 453, 546, 623; wrongly Theodotus, 435 Diodotus II, 440, 464, 502 Diogenes, cynic, 358, 359, 398 Diomedes, king, 556, 587, 591 Dionysius, ambassador, 399, 433, 495 Dionysius, king, 549, 552, 553, 587, 589 Dionysus, 331, 332, 354, 408, 409, 416, 419, 422, 485; in art, 646; on coins, 449 Dioscuri, 104; on coins, 455, 460, 465, 539, 556, 558, 587, 591 Dīpavaṁsa, 174, 184, 185, 212, 312, 603, 604, 605, 609 ff. Dīrghatamas, 601 Distresses, six, 270 Divākara, 306 Divodāsa, 82, 84, 86, 87, 94, 95, 101, 120, 305, 518 Divyāvadāna, 179, 187, 189, 212, 495, 507, 511, 519 Doāb, 46; Doābs, 31, 550; Rechna Doāb, 550 Dogrā mountaineers, 27 Drama, 138, 255, 297 Drangiāna, 328, 330, 338, 442, 458, 548, 564, 568, 569 Draupadī, Krishṇā, 263 ff. Dravidian languages, 15, 19, 36, 37, 41 ff., 49, 50, 602 Dravidians, Draviḍas, 40 ff., 48, 73, 85, 120, 124, 204, 240, 380, 515, 593, 604, 606, 613, 615; pre-Dravidians, 41, 594, 604; *draviḍa*, *dramida*, *damila*, 593 Dṛishadvatī, 80, 83, 110, 116, 302, 306 *droṇamukha*, 476 Droṇāsa, 231 Droysen, J. G., 372, 430, 453 Druhyus, 82, 118 Duff, M. C., 141

v1.c37.15

Durgā, 272 Durgaha, 83, 94 Durgapālas, 488 Durmukha, 121 Dushtarītu Paumsāyana, 122, 131 Dushyanta, 308 Dutch in Ceylon, 2, 605 Duttha-Gāmaṇī, 609 Dvaitavana lake, 121 Dvāpara age, 303 Dvāravatī, 531 Dyaus, 103, 105. *See* Zeus Dynastic lists, 58, 224, 305, 520; Andhras, 530, 531; Çiçunāgas, 312; Çuṅgas, 518; Ikshvākus, 306, 309; Mauryas, 189, 511; Nandas, 313 Dyrta, 356

v1.c37.16

Eagle, on coins, 462 Earth goddess, 230, 616. *See* Pṛithivī East India Company, 24, 63, 562 East Indian Railway, 13, 17, 25 Easter Island, 48 Ecbatana, 346, 391, 411 Economic conditions, Vedic, 99 ff.; later, 135 ff., 259; Buddhist, 198 ff. Eggeling, J., 142 Egyptians, 351, 374, 394, 407; Egypt, 517, 540, 545, 594, 615 Eḻāra, Tamil king, 608, 609; Elāla, 609 Elephant, 67, 81, 100, 137, 356, 405, 424, 490, 557; on coins, 539, 546, 547, 555 ff., 560, 586, 587, 590, 591; in art, 635, 647 *elephas*, 391 Eḷu, 606 Emetreus, 444 Endogamy, 129 *enōtokoitoi*, 394 Epander, king, 557, 587 Ephorus, 398 Epics, 47, 58, 119, 122, 278, 479, 483, 666 ff.; period, 220 ff.; princes and peoples, 251 ff.; in South, 596 Epiklēros, 134 Epirus, 540 Eran, 523, 538 Erāpata, 624 Eras. *See* Azes, Çakas, Mauryas, Vikrama Eratosthenes, 400 ff., 409, 424, 425 Erices, 356 Erythraean Sea, 330 Erzgebirge, 68 Esdras I, 339 Esther, Book of, 325, 339, 340 Esukārī, 203 Ethiopians, 339, 394, 407; type, 37 Ethnographical divisions, 37 ff. Eucratides, 446, 447, 451 ff., 532, 541, 544, 545, 551 ff., 557, 558, 560, 566, 571; coins, 465, 547, 548, 575, 588, 590, 591, 647; successors, 554 ff., 559, 563, 564 Eucratides II (?), 460, 466 Eucratidia, 455

v1.c37.17

Eudamus, Eudemus, 384, 386, 428, 429, 471 Eumenes of Cardia, 371, 415 Eunuchs, 289 Eupatridæ, 125 Euphorion, 470 Euphrates, 27, 70, 458 Euthydemia (Euthymedeia), 446 Euthydemus I, 440 ff., 445, 447, 450 ff., 455, 458, 461, 512, 541 ff., 548, 550, 571; coins, 464, 465, 546, 571, 574, 589; successors, 546 ff., 554, 556, 564 Euthydemus II, 443 ff., 448, 452; coins, 457, 464 Evangelium Ioannis de obitu Mariae, 579 Everest, 10 Exogamy, 53, 243 Exposure of children and aged, 97, 135 Eyinar, tribe, 596

v1.c37.18

Family, Vedic, 88, 90, 97; later, 134, 243, 287, 481 Famine, 203 Feist, S., 90 Fergusson, J., 480, 618, 637 Fetishism, 97, 106 Fick, R., 198, 203, 207, 209, 211, 213, 214, 260, 469, 478, 494 Firdausī, 325, 328 Fire altar, 142 Fire-weapons in epic, 271 Fīrozābād, 25 Five tribes, 86, 92, 116 Fleet, J. F., 112, 499, 550, 584 Flood legend, 140 Formichi, C., 490, 492 Fort William, 9 Foucher, A., 500, 629, 648 Foy, W., 475, 478, 479, 488 Franke, O., 566, 583 Franke, R. O., 187 Führer, A., 167, 521, 524 Furrow sacrifice, 238 Fyzābād, 309

v1.c37.19

Gad, brother of Gūdnaphar, 579 Gahapati, 190; gehapati, 259 Gaikwar of Baroda, 19 *gāma*, *gāma-bhojaka*. *See* Village Gāmaṇī-Abhaya. *See* Duttha-Gāmaṇī Gambling, 89, 98, 102, 262, 281, 417 Gaming-hall, 237, 247, 263, 272, 480 Gaṇadharas, 164 Gaṇapa Tissa, 608 Gaṇḍak, 13, 122; Great, 309 Gandāra, Gandaria. *See* Gandhāra Gandaridae, 370 Gandarioi, 338, 340 Gandaris, 370 Gandaritis, 328, 330 Gandhāra, 51, 58, 59, 62, 214, 222, 321, 427, 473, 499, 512, 542, 545, 546, 552, 555 ff., 559, 569, 570, 580; Gandāra, 327, 338; Gandaria, 337; Gandhāras, 141, 172, 514; sculpture, 385, 570, 648, 649

v1.c37.20

Gandhāri, Gandhāris, Gandharians, 117, 321, 322, 333, 394 Gandharvas, 105; in sculpture, 640 Ganesh Gumphā, Udayagiri, 639, 641 Gangaridae, 468, 469 Ganges, 8 ff., 12 ff., 25, 31, 35 ff., 40, 45 ff., 80, 120, 122, 182, 183, 185, 213, 214, 308, 314, 337, 372, 402, 411, 422, 423, 426, 468, 469, 477, 516, 524, 526, 601 Gañjām, 601, 602; District, 495, 514, 515 Garbe, R., 144, 273 Gardabhilas, 533 Gardabhilla, 168, 532 Gardner, P., 389, 436, 454, 582 Gārgī Saṁhitā, 544 Gāro hills, 8, 9, 12 Garuḍa pillar. *See* Bhīlsa Gaspar, 579 Gāthās, hero-lauds, 251, 254, 255; of Avesta, 74 Gathaspar, 579 Gauls, migrations, 72; battle of Ancyra, 440 Gaupatya, 238 Gautama, law book, 140, 199, 217, 218, 234, 240, 241, 245 ff., 288, 292. *See* Buddha, Indrabhūti Gautamīputra Cāṭakarṇi, 530 Gavāmayana, 141 Gayā, 14, 20, 23, 48, 182, 301, 309, 500, 608. *See also* Buddh Gayā Gaza, battle of, 429 Gedrosia, 87, 331, 333, 380, 431, 472 Gehapati. *See* Gahapati Geiger, W., 91, 172, 190, 312, 325, 328, 503, 506 Geldner, K. F., 326. *See* Pischel, R. Gem Lake, 22 Gems, 402, 594; engraved, 647, 648 Genealogies. *See* Dynastic lists Genos, gens, 91, 125 German tribes, 66; Germans, 71 Gerontes, 133 Gersoppa, 5 Ghāts, 2 ff., 20, 34, 36; Eastern, 19, 601; Western, 17, 18; of Benares, 14 Ghazni, 33, 328, 338, 452, 546, 548, 561 Ghilzai, 328, 338 Ghorband valley, 332, 555 *ghosha*, 268 Ghosha, king, 518 Ghosita ārāma, 188 Gilds, 137, 206, 207, 210, 247, 259, 269, 291, 478, 489, 490. *See* Creshṭhin Gilgit, 33, 45, 52, 119 Gilmore, J., 329, 330 Giribbaja, Girivraja, 183, 310, 315 Girikshit, 83, 94 Girivraja. *See* Giribbaja Girnār, 496 Glauganikai, 369 Glausai, 369 Goa, 20 Gobhila, 229, 230, 238, 239 Godāvarī, 16, 17, 19, 195, 514, 529, 531, 536, 599, 601, 602; Point, 601 Godwin Austen, mt, 33 Gogrā, 13, 309 Golconda, 18 Gold, 101, 213, 342; ant gold, 396, 403, 404 Golu Abhā, 609 Gomatī, 79, 321 Gomitra, 526, 538 Gond tribes, 19, 35, 395 Gondā District, 309 Gondopharnes, 562, 571, 576 ff., 581, 583, 589, 590, 592; Gaspar, Gathaspar, Gūdnaphar, 579; Vindapharna, 577 Gopas, 486, 488 Gopatha Brāhmaṇa, 115 Gosāla Maṁkhaliputta, 158, 159, 162, 163 Gotama, clan, 178. *See* Buddha Gothābhaya, 609 Gotra, 243 Grain, 31, 68, 100, 135, 203, 404 Grāma, Grāmaṇi, grāmika. *See* Village *grāmyavādin*, 136 Grand Trunk road, 13 Great Indian Peninsula railway, 17 Greeks, coins, 61, 386 ff.; historians, 58 ff., 132, 146, 391 ff., 563; Homeric, 56, 96, 101, 133, 391, 479; language, 73, 74; primitive, 71; invasions. *See* Yavanas Grierson, Sir G. A., 50, 109, 110, 119, 146, 182, 275 Griffiths, J., 499 *grihastha*, 151 Grihya sacrifices, 247 Grihya Sūtras, 116, 227 ff., 236, 238, 240, 252, 254; date, 250 Grünwedel, A., 480, 629 Guḍa, Guḍana, Guḍāna, 578, 592 Gūdnaphar. *See* Gondopharnes Guests, six worthy, 232 Gujarāt, 20, 36, 44, 81, 166, 274, 469, 472, 593, 594, 606 Gujarātī, 15, 19, 51 Gumal, river, 43, 79, 321 Gundlā, 643 Gungeria, 614, 615 Guntūr District, 529, 599 Gupta empire, 224, 310, 528, 533, 585, 606; architecture, 617, 649; coins, 342 Guraeus, 353, 355 Gurdāspur, 372, 373, 414, 528 Gurkhas, 11, 25, 27, 190; rifles, 26 Gutschmid, A. von, 430, 446, 569, 579 Guttaka, Tamil king, 608, 609 Guttila Jātaka, 211 Guttmann, O., 271 Gwalior, 15, 21, 558, 625

v1.c37.21

Haas, E., 89, 233 Hab, 380, 383 Haddon, A. C., 45, 604 Haētumant, 328 Hagāmasha, 527, 538, 576 Hagāna, 527, 538, 576 Haig, Gen. M. R., 380

v1.c37.22

Haihayas, 315, 316 Haku-siri, 601 Hālāhalā, 159 Halhed, N. B., 63 Halidda-vasana, 178 Hall, H. R. H., 43 Hambantota, 609 Hāmūn Lake, 328, 338 Han Dynasty, annals, 566 Hantrīmukha, 231 Haoma, 320 Harahvaitī, 87, 321, 324, 326, 328, 338 Haraiva. *See* Herāt Harappa, 618 Hardwār, 25, 26 Hardy, E., 481 Hardy, R. Spence, 214 Hariçcandra, 254 Hari Rūd, 327, 441 Hārīta, 242 Harivamça, 255 Harlez, C. de, 325 Harnai valley, 30 Harōiva, Haraiva, 327 Harpagus, 329 Harsha, dynasty of, 468 Harshacharita, 223, 310, 415, 417, 512, 518, 521, 522 Haryaksha, 231 Hastī, 355 Hastināpura, 263, 306 ff., 526 Hastings, Warren, 63 Hastipāla, 163 Hāthīgumphā, Udayagiri, 314, 317, 534 ff., 600, 602, 639, 640 Haumavarga, 338 Haumavarkā, 564 Havis, sacrifice, 231 Hazāra, 328, 338, 373, 457; District, 648 Head, B. V., 367, 389, 569 Headlam, W., 394 Hecataeus, 336, 393 ff., 423 Hecate, on coins, 449, 464 Hedicke, E., 348, 366, 369 Heliocles, 447, 453, 454, 460, 461, 522, 552; coins, 465, 466, 547, 548, 553 ff., 558, 560, 566, 573, 587, 590, 591, 647; successors, 557 Heliodorus, son of Dion, 521, 558, 625 Hellenic kingdoms of Syria, Bactria, and Parthia, 60, 427 ff. Hellenistic art, 621 ff., 626, 633, 644 ff. Helmand, 28, 328, 564, 569 Helu, 606 Hemachandra, 156, 164, 470 Henry, Victor, 106 Hephaestion, 351, 352, 354, 355, 357, 370, 373 ff., 379 Heracles, 331, 332, 356, 374, 422 ff.; Hindu, 253, 375, 408, 409, 419, 485, 596; on coins, 443, 445, 447, 448, 450, 457, 464, 465, 573, 574, 588, 589, 597 Herāt, 28, 70, 223, 327, 337, 338, 472, 542, 567; Aria, 337, 542; Haraiva, 338

v1.c37.23

Hermaeus, king, 547, 556, 560 ff., 571, 574, 584, 586, 589, 591, 647 Hermus valley, 440 Herodotus, 34, 52, 57, 192, 327, 329, 332 ff., 387, 392, 393, 395, 396, 403, 422, 564 Hero-lauds, 251, 254, 255 Hertel, J., 138 Herzfeld, E., 327, 328, 335, 336, 338, 339 Hesydrus. *See* Sutlej Hill, G. F., 344, 438 Hill, G. Birkbeck, 63 Hillebrandt, A., 80, 86, 87, 106, 323 Himālayas, 8 ff., 21, 32, 33, 35, 38, 51, 76, 80, 81, 129, 175, 191, 242, 304, 314, 326, 376, 400, 401, 403, 423, 528, 529 Hindh, 325 Hindī, 14, 15, 50, 51 Hindu (Hapta), 324 Hindu Kush, 20, 28, 32 ff., 43, 51, 52, 79, 140, 322, 326, 327, 348, 350, 351, 354, 364, 374, 376, 383, 387, 422, 424, 427, 434, 442, 446, 457 ff., 466, 472, 514, 540 ff., 545 ff., 554, 560, 563, 583, 622, 645 Hinduism, 15, 76 Hindukān, seven, 324 Hi(n)duś, 338 Hindustān, plain of, 12, 13, 15, 22 Hindustānī type. *See* Aryo-Dravidian Hinglāj shrine, 381 Hingol valley, 381 Hippalus, 36, 426 Hippostratus, king, 547, 549, 552, 554, 571, 572, 586, 587 Hiraṇyagarbha, 107 Hiraṇyakeçin, 237, 238, 239 Hiraṇyanābha, 122, 309 Hirok, 30 Hittites, 110, 320 Hiuen Tsiang, 332, 506, 512, 524, 555 ff. Hiung-nu, 566 Hoernle, A. F. R., 45, 110, 123, 138, 154, 168, 585 Hoffmann-Kutschke, A., 334 Holdich, Sir T., 348, 352 ff., 357, 378, 542 Holkar, 15, 19, 21 Holtzmann, A., 261, 265 Homer, 78, 101, 391; Indian, 258 Hooghly river, 9, 614 Hopkins, E. W., 79, 81, 147, 214, 265, 269, 272, 273, 323, 324, 473 ff., 478, 480 ff., 484, 486 ff., 492, 494 Horse, 67, 68, 99, 137, 234, 435 ff.; on coins, 538; in sculpture, 620, 635; sacrifice, 102, 106, 119 ff., 130, 142, 223, 255, 262, 302, 309, 318, 520, 521, 531 Hosten, H., 423 Hotṛi, 107, 108 How and Wells, com. on Herodotus, 329 Howrah, 9, 17, 25 Huber, E., 507 Human sacrifice, 106, 123, 136, 138, 142

v1.c37.24

Humāyūn, 24 Hūṇas, Huns, 304, 459, 550, 565, 566, 584 Hungarian, 15; Hungary, 69, 72 Hunting, 100, 235, 270, 416, 417 Huntsman, ratnin, 131 Hydaspes. *See* Jhelum; battle of, 365; Persian river, 568 Hyderābād, Deccan, 18, 24, 514, 531, 599, 600 Hyderābād, Sind, 21, 378, 517 Hydrakes, 331 Hydraōtes. *See* Rāvi Hypasioi, 352 Hyphanis, 542, 543 Hyphasis. *See* Beās

v1.c37.25

Iaunā 540. *See* Yavanas Içāna, 233, 238 Idols. *See* Images Ikshvāku, 83, 133, 276, 298, 305 ff., 315 ff. Ilā, 304 Ilañ-jeḻiyan. *See* Verṟi-vēṟ-ceḻiyan Ilañ-jēt-cenni, king, 598 Ili river, 565 Ilibiça, 84 Illyrian, 71 Images of gods, 238, 279; worship, 480; monuments, 612 ff. Imhoof-Blumer, F., 433, 434 Imperial Gazetteer, 39, 40, 42, 43, 50, 52, 85, 109, 110, 515, 524, 543 Incantations. *See* Spells Indarpat, 23, 262, 308 India, geography, 1 ff.; growth of law, 277 ff.; monuments, 612 ff.; peoples and languages, 37 ff.; sources of history, 56 ff., 391 ff.; Vedic, 77 ff.; later saṃhitās, 114 ff.; sūtra and epic period, 220 ff., 251 ff.; Buddhistic, 171 ff.; early history of South India, 593 ff. India, White, 326 Indian Mutiny, 16, 24, 25 Indian Ocean, 2, 28, 336 Indo-Āryans, 42 ff., 56, 57, 73 Indo-China, 613 Indo-Europeans. *See* Wiros Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) languages, 37, 41 ff., 49, 56, 64 ff., 69, 71 Indo-Irānian period, 52, 72 ff., 103, 111, 125, 319 Indo-Scythia, 516, 532, 560, 564, 567, 569 Indore, 15, 19, 21 Indra, 72, 97, 99, 103 ff., 110, 111, 232, 233, 238, 256, 257, 288, 320, 366, 422, 485, 538, 606; Çakra, 157; Sakka, 176, 606; Sakka-pañha, 194 Indrabhūti Gautama, 152, 154 Indrājī, Bhagvānlāl, 314, 575, 639 Indramitra, 525, 526, 538, 626 Indrapālita, 511 Indraprastha, 23, 262, 308 Indravarman, 577 Indrota Daivāpi Çaunaka, 120 Indus, 21, 24 ff., 31 ff., 40, 43, 44, 46, 51, 79 ff., 118, 222, 324, 325, 329, 336, 337, 345, 346, 354 ff., 372 ff., 377 ff., 383, 394, 395, 400 ff., 427 ff., 442, 446, 455, 468, 472, 473, 516, 528, 532, 541, 547, 559, 564, 567, 568, 570, 571, 584, 594; delta, 543, 544, 548, 585; Sindhu, 79, 324, 345; Kālī Sindhu and branch of the Jumna, 520 Inheritance, 134, 243, 244, 279 ff., 284, 287; primogeniture, 244, 284, 287 Initiation ceremony, 235, 236, 238, 239 Inscriptions, 60 ff., 141, 224, 529, 533 ff., 541 Inspectors, in Pāṭaliputra, 410 Interest. *See* Usury Intermarriage. *See* Caste Intoxicants, 102, 133, 137, 215, 271, 408, 412, 555 Invasions, 21, 23, 27, 28, 36 ff., 53, 60. *See* Āryans, Scythians, Yavanas Ionia, 391; Ionians, 212, 225, 540. *See* Yavanas Ipsus, 432 Irān, 27, 28, 30, 34, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 57, 72, 91, 103, 104, 109, 111, 124, 320 ff., 400, 516, 540, 568, 572 ff., 577, 578, 580, 584, 621, 622, 626, 634, 644; Iranian type, 42, 44; languages (Zend), 49, 52, 71 ff. *See* Persia Irāvatī. *See* Rāvi Iron, 56, 100, 137, 140, 615; age of, 56, 614 Irrawaddy, 6 ff., 39 Irrigation, 30, 31, 100, 128, 135, 417, 475, 487 Irulas, 604 Irvine, W., 216 Isamus, 542, 543 Isidatta, 186 Isidāsī, 186 Isidor of Charax, 326 Isila, 515 iškata, 327 Islām. *See* Muhammadans Issyk-kul lake, 565 Istakhr, 621 Itihāsa, 251, 252 Itihāsa-Purāṇa, 251, 257, 299, 301, 302 Itinerarium Alexandri, 542, 675 Itivritta, 482 Itivuttaka, 197 Itthiya, Rishtriya, monk, 499, 608 Ivory, 391, 594; workers in, 207, 632, 643 Iyengar, P. T. Srinivas, 599

v1.c37.26

Jābāla, 152 Jackson, A. M. T., 301 Jacob, G. A., 120 Jacobi, H., 110, 111, 147 ff., 151 ff., 160, 169, 178, 183, 255, 294, 320, 321, 470, 471, 482, 483, 512 Jadgāls, 42 Jahāngīra, 336 Jahnus, 126, 298 Jaimini, 251 Jaiminīya Upanishad Brāhmaṇa, 116 ff., 127

v1.c37.27

Jains, 22, 55, 57, 150 ff., 275, 423, 485, 504, 509, 512, 526, 532, 534, 596, 633, 638; council, 165, 169, 482; inscriptions, 166 ff.; sculpture, 633, 639, 640, 644; texts, 57 ff., 151, 165, 470, 473, 482, 484, 549; Çvetāmbaras, 155, 158, 165 ff., 169; Digambaras, 154, 158, 165, 166, 169 Jaipur, 21, 22, 84, 121, 289, 316 Jala Jātūkarnya, 122 Jalālābād, 348, 543, 546, 547; Nagara (?), 543, 555 Jalālpur, 361 Jaloka of Kashmir, 511, 512 Jamāli, 158, 163 Jambu, Jain, 164 Jambudvīpa, 304, 506. *See* India Jamrūd, 32 jana, 91, 92 Janaka, Sīradhvaja, 122, 127, 257, 317, 549 Janamejaya, 120, 121, 252, 302, 549 Janapada, Rājanya, 539 Jandiāla, 371 Jarāsandha, 257 Jarudapāna Jātaka, 211 Jātakas, 140, 173, 174, 178 ff., 187, 188, 197, 198, 201 ff., 257, 260, 295, 316, 624, 629 *jāti*. *See* Caste Jaugaḍa, 496, 497, 514, 515 Jaxartes, 28, 76, 329, 349, 434, 459, 563, 564, 566, 567; Syr Daria, 70, 349, 434, 564 Jayanta, 238 Jayaswal, J. P., 313 ff., 491, 521, 524, 535, 537 Jayavijaya caves, Udayagiri, 639, 642 Jehu, 470 Jeta, 216 Jetavana, 202, 216, 624 Jewish communities, 36 Jhelum, 27, 59, 372, 468, 548, 549, 551, 556; Hydaspes, 349, 359 ff., 369, 373 ff., 383, 406, 427 ff., 468, 547, 568; Vitastā, 80, 324, 345 Jhelum, town, 361, 543; District, 547 Jina, Mahāvīra, 159, 160 Jinachandra, 166 Jñātri clan, 160 Jñātrikas, 157 Jobanes. *See* Jumna Jogīmārā cave, 642 John of Antioch, 432 Jolly, J., 278, 280, 283, 284, 294, 475, 479, 481 Jones, Sir W., 63 ff., 470 Josephus, 339, 458 Jouveau-Dubreuil, G., 533 Jṛimbikagrāma, 159 Judicial procedure, 96, 97, 132 ff., 176, 244, 271, 485 ff. *See* Crimes Julien, S., 513 Jumna, 12 ff., 20, 23 ff., 46, 47, 80 ff., 120, 121, 124, 187, 214, 469, 516, 520, 524, 526 ff., 543, 648; Isamus, 542, 543; Jobanes, 408 Jumna-Ganges, 13, 15, 16, 21, 51, 55, 57, 59, 242, 308, 544 Junāgarh, 501 Junnar, 530 Justi, F., 325 Justin, 332, 353, 384, 386, 430, 435, 438 ff., 446, 454 ff., 460, 469, 473, 543, 674 Jyotisha, 148

v1.c37.28

Kabadian, 390 Kābul, 32, 33, 224, 325, 327, 348, 452, 469, 473, 542 ff., 561, 562, 567, 574, 583 Kābul river and valley, 28, 31 ff., 43, 51, 52, 79, 110, 322, 332, 336, 338, 339, 345 ff., 350, 351, 354, 355, 383, 396, 430, 442, 452, 472, 514, 516, 540, 541, 544, 546 ff., 550 ff., 554, 556, 557, 560 ff., 570, 571, 577, 584; Cophēn, 322, 332, 336, 345, 355; Kubhā, 52, 79, 321, 345 Kābulistān, 79 Kacchi, 51 Kachins, 7, 8, 39 Kāçi, Kāçis, 117, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 172, 173, 180, 181, 184, 274, 310, 315, 316, 517, 527, 531; princess, 522 Kāçīputra Bhāgabhadra. *See* Bhāgabhadra Kaçu (Vasu) Chaidya, 84, 309 Kāçyapa, converted ascetic, 629, 630 Kadphises. *See* Kujūla, V'ima Kaegi, A., 283 Kāfiristān, 82, 338, 541, 547, 555, 567 Kāfirs, 352, 354 Kafshān, 332 *kahāpaṇa*. *See* *kārshāpaṇa* Kaikeyas, 274 *kākaṇikā*, 218 Kākavaṇṇa Tissa, 609 Kākavarṇa (Kālāçoka), 503 Kakkara-patta, 178 Kālabāgh, 337 Kālāçoka, 189, 313, 503 Kālaka, 167, 168, 532; Kālakāchāryakathānaka, 167 Kālakaṇṇi Tissa, 611 Kālāmas, 175 Kalan Tisa, 611 Kālani Tissa. *See* Yaṭṭhālaya Tissa Kālaniya, 609 Kalanos, 359, 381, 421 Kalantika Tissa, 611 Kalasi, 550 Kālāsoka. *See* Kālāçoka Kalatiai, 394 Kali age, 276, 302, 303, 308 ff., 317; dice, 303 Kālī Sindhu, 520 Kālidāsa, 512, 519, 533, 544, 600 Kaliṅgas, 47, 173, 242, 473, 516, 530, 534; Kaliṅga, 164, 166, 195, 223, 242, 314, 315, 317, 492, 495, 497, 504, 514 ff., 594, 599, 605, 607, 639; Calingae, 601 Kallatiai. *See* Kalatiai Kalpa, aeon, 303 Kalpasūtra, 154, 156, 157, 160, 167, 227, 228, 482

v1.c37.29

Kāmaçāstra, 482 Kamara, 212 Kambojas, 117, 172, 274, 334; Kāmbojas, 514 Kammahārattaka, 610 Kāmpila, Kāmpilya (Kāmpil), 117, 119, 121, 316 *kaṁsa*, coin, 218 Kaṁsa of Kosala, 180 Kanakamuni. *See* Koṇāgamana Kanakasabhai, 213 Kanara, North, 603; Kannada, 594 Kanarese, 49, 593, 602 Kanauj, 289; Kanyākubja, 512 Kāñchī, 531, 595; Conjeeveram, 596 Kandahār, 28, 31, 33, 326, 328, 337, 338, 347, 364, 369, 379, 380, 442, 443, 452, 540, 542, 543, 545, 547, 548, 561, 562, 564, 568, 569, 570, 574, 580, 583 Kāngra District, 529 Kanha. *See* Krishna Kānheri inscription, 601 Kanishka, 224, 555, 581, 583, 585, 648; era, 583; inscription, 192 Kannada. *See* Kanara Kan-su, province, 565 Kanthaka, 630 Kāṇva, sage, 242 Kaṇvas, 77, 84, 223, 224, 317, 318, 521, 522 Kanyākubja. *See* Kanauj Kaoshān, 332 Kāpiça, 460, 547, 557 ff., 567; Kapisa, 555 Kāpiçi, 555 ff., 558, 560 Kapilavatthu, -vastu, 175, 177, 498, 630 Kapinahan, 390 Kapisa. *See* Kāpiça Kapiśa-kāni, 333 Kapisoi, 339 Kapishthala Saṁhitā, 114 Kara Kadphises, 584 Karāchi, 2, 14, 23, 27, 29, 31 Karakoram range, 33 Kāri, river, 598 Karikāl, king, 598 Karikāl Chōḻa, 596 *karīsa*, 200, 202 Kārli cave, 635 ff. *karman*, 143, 162 Karṇa, 265, 272 Karnāl, 543 Karṇasuvarna, 512 Karṇāṭa. *See* Carnatic Kārotī, 121 *kārshāpaṇa*, 248, 285, 462, 530; *kahāpaṇa*, 217 Kāruvākī, 500 Kashaka, Kaçaka, 238 Kashmīr, 26, 32, 33, 43, 47, 80, 81, 117, 121, 325, 349, 370, 373, 383, 396, 499, 501, 511, 512, 528, 563 Kāshmīrī, 51 Kāsī. *See* Kāçi Kasībhāradvāja, 202 Kaspatyros, Kaspapyros, 336, 394, 396 Kaspioi, 339, 340 *kassiteros*, 391

v1.c37.30

Kassites, 76 *kastīra*, 391 Kathā, Burma, 7 Kathaioi. *See* Kshatriyas Kāṭhaka Saṁhitā, 114, 119, 121, 139; school, 279; sūtra, 236, 279; Upanishad, 116 Kathā-vatthu, 194, 197, 482, 498, 506 Kāthiāwār, 20, 21, 224, 469, 472, 496, 543, 606 Kātmāndu, 25 Kātyāyana, grammarian, 253 Katz, E., 330 Kauçāmbī, 117, 121, 308, 498, 517, 521, 523 ff., 538; Kosambī, 185, 187 ff., 201, 214 Kauçika Sūtra, 115, 229 Kaushītaki Āraṇyaka, 115; Brāhmaṇa, 115, 118, 145, 148; Upanishad, 117, 120 ff., 143 Kautilīya, 294; Kautilya, 470. *See* Arthaçāstra Kautsa, 242 Kāvan Tisa, 609 Kavasha, 125, 126 Kāverī, 212, 595; Cauvery, 2 Kāviri-paṭṭinam, 212, 595, 598 Kāvya, 251, 264, 482 Kayanians, 328 Keçin, Jain, 154 Keith, A. B., 102, 106, 109, 111, 113, 115, 119, 123, 124, 138, 144, 147, 149, 321, 341, 392. *See* Vedic Index Kekayas, 124, 127 Kena Upanishad, 116 Kennedy, J., 321, 329, 594 Kēralas. *See* Chēras Kern, H., 544; Album Kern, 255, 481 Kesaputta, 175 Ketkar, S. V., 240, 279 *kevala*, 159 *kevalin*, 160 Khabari, 212 Khādira, 229 Khallātanāga, king of Ceylon, 610 Khallātha Tissa, king of Ceylon, 610 Khandagiri caves, 638 Khāṇḍava, 116 Khandhakas in Vinaya, 197 Khāravela, 164, 166, 223, 314, 317, 492, 527, 530, 534 ff., 600 ff., 639 Kharoshṭhī alphabet, 62, 657; on coins, 446, 449, 452, 456, 529, 539, 553, 555, 557, 558, 560, 561, 569, 573, 574, 586, 587, 591; on gems, 647; inscriptions, 502, 575, 581, 582; masons' marks, 625 *kharvaṭa*, 268; *khārvaṭaka*, 476 Khāsi mts, 9, 12, 48 Khattiya. *See* Kshatriya Khawak pass, 348 Khemā, daughter of king of Madda, 183 *khetta*. *See* *kshetra*. *khilya*, 90 Khojak pass, 30 Khojis, 97

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