Wilson Philological Lectures on Sanskrit and the Derived Languages c11.52

c11.52

It now remains to show why nouns with various endings inflect the obl. in M. and S. according to the same type. I have already shown that the oblique terminations आ and आं properly belong to nouns in अ. Sindhî masc. nouns in उ are as observed on a former occasion really nouns in अ, उ being the nom. sing. termination, whence they take in the sing. आ shortened to अ. Nouns in आ Mar. and P. and in ओ S. also form their oblique according to this type. but the sing. base ends in य or ण in M. and ण in others. These nouns, as shown in the last but one lecture, were originally nouns augmented by the addition of क. Thus Skr. घोटक is Pr. घोडअ or घो-डय, since अ is pronounced य, and with ह or अ the gen. termination becomes घोडय+अ=घोडया which by hasty pronunciation becomes घोड्या; but in the older M. poets we find घोडया also. Now in the state of घोडय it may become, as I have once stated, घोडे as कयल for कदल becomes केल or केळ and after a long vowel the following अ is elided, whence we have the form of the M. dialects and S. and P. and H. Similarly we have the plural घोड्यां. Neuter nouns in ं are also nouns with a final क, as has been shown, hence their oblique is like that of the Masc. nouns in आ. कदलकम्=कयलअं=केळें and केलय+अ of the gen.=केळया=केळया. Similarly सोनें = सुवण्णअ=सुवर्णक etc. Masc. nouns in ई also take this form. If they do so they must be nouns in अ originally and as a matter of fact we do find some of them at least to be so. Thus न्हावी is न्हाविअ Pr., नापित Sk.; wherefore we have न्हाविअ+आ=न्हाव्या; ताम्बोलिक is Pr. ताम्बोलिअ and with the gen. ह or अ the obl. ताम्बोळ्या; वाणिज्य Pr. वाणिअ and with अ for ह वाण्या obl. etc. Similarly मौक्तिक is मोत्तिअ where with gen. अ we have M. मोत्या; पाणी is पानीअ and thence पाण्या. S. हारी is Skr. हालिक, Pr. हालिअ which is the S. obl. form, since the effect of two अ coming together is in this language to prevent the usual elision and form one strong अ. We thus see that most Mar. & S. masc. nouns in इ & M. neuter nouns in इ are derived from Pr. nouns having a final अ representing Skr. क or any other syllable. In the same way Skr. लड्डुक is Pr. लड्डुअ thence लाडुअ and with the gen. अ for ह लाडवा the M. obl.; so also M. भाउ must be Pr. भाउअ, Skr. भ्रातृक; M. नातु, Pr. नत्तुअ, Skr. नप्तृक, in order that with the gen. अ they may yield भावा or नातवा. Neuter गड्डूं is गड्डुअ, Skr. गड्डुक and hence by the combination of गड्डुअ + अ we have गड्डवा or गळवा. S. माण्हु must have been मानुह from मानुष and the aspiration being transferred to न we have माणुअ which is the obl. form. Thus then those M. & S. masc. nouns in उ and M. neuter nouns in ऊ which take this oblique form were Pr. nouns in अ representing a Skr. syllable ending in अ, mostly क. Now these vernacular nouns in इ or ई and उ or ऊ which in Skr. have not a syllable like त or क at the end must have the क attached to them in the Pr. and Apbhr., as we have seen it was, to nouns in अ which on that account have become nouns in ओ or आ in the modern languages. Those fem. nouns in अ that have इ and ई for their sâmânyarûpa terminations must be Skr. & Pr. nouns in ई, as they are as a matter of fact; as केळ is Pr. केली or कयली, Skr. कदली; भिंत is Pr. and Skr. भित्ति; पारध, Skr. पारर्द्धि, Pr. पारधी; बहिण, Skr. भगिनी, Pr. बहिणी; बांव, Skr. वापी, Pr. बावी; and a good many modern Tadbhavas such as रीत, गत, विभूत from रीति, गति, विभूति etc.; others that end in ई and take these terminations were also originally nouns in इ or ई as भुई, Skr. भूमि and others. Some masc. nouns in ई which form their obl. in this way must also be derived from corresponding nouns in ई as हत्ती is from the Skr. and Pr. Nom. sing. हत्ती. And modern Tatsamas in इ or ई of course can only take this form. Similarly those nouns that form their oblique by taking ऊ and ऊं must be originally nouns in उ or ऊ. Modern Tatsamas ending in these vowels also take these forms.