Pre-Buddhist India: A Political, Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey of Ancient India Based Mainly on the Jataka Stories c8.63

c8.63

| No. | Name | Description | Reference | Identification |
| 173 | Valabhāmukha | A sea (*samudda*), "where the water is sucked away and rises on every side; water thus sucked away on all sides rises in sheer precipices leaving what looks like a wall, a terrific roar is heard which seems as it would burst the ear and break the heart." It was reached through the Nalamālā Canal. | VI, 141-G. 116, 142. | See Nalamālā. It should be identified with the Mediterranean Sea wherein volcanoes are still to be seen. |
| 174 | Videha. | A kingdom; capital Mithilā. | I, 137; II, 39, 333; III, 364, 365, 366, 378; IV 355; V, 164; VI, 30, 42, 95, 220, 411, 463. | It is identical with the ancient Tirabhukti, *i.e.*, modern Tirhut in Bihār. It was bounded on the East by the Kauśiki (Kosi), on the South by the Ganges (Gaṇḍak or Rāpti) and on the North by the Himālayas. C. A. *G. I.*, p. 718. *P. H. A. I.*, p. 33. |