Pre-Buddhist India: A Political, Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey of Ancient India Based Mainly on the Jataka Stories c8.64

c8.64

| No. | Name | Description | Reference | Identification |
| | | It is said to have been located in the *Majjhimapadesa*. It was 300 *yojanas* in extent and contained 16,000 villages. Trade was carried on between Videha and Gandhāra. | III, 365. III, 366 ; 367-G. 76. III, 365. | For these particulars, see Dr. Pran-Nath. *A Study in the Economic Condition of Ancient India*, pp. 49-50 and notes. |
| 175 | Vipula | A mountain to the north of the Gandhamādana mountain. | VI, 518-G. 1938, 519. | Cf. *Paramatthadīpanī*—a commentary on the *Theri-Gāthā*, pp. 277-8 (*P. T. S.*) It is probably the Bepyrrhos of Ptolemy which with Damassa comes in Eastern Himalayas; S. N. Majumdar, *Ptolemy*, pp. 76-81, 204-7. |
| 176 | Vetaraṇī | A river of the Yama. | III, 472-G. 71; IV, 273-G. 147-8; V, 269-G. 119-20; VI, 105, 250-G. 1116-7. | Cf. *Saṃyutta* (*P. T. S.*), I, p. 21, also Hopkins, *Epic Mythology*, sub-voc. It is not a mythical river but has been variously identified with (1) Vetaraṇī in Orissā, (2) Dantura, which rises |