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The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies v2.c17: Index

The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies v2.c17

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Index

v2.c17.1.1

abādhita (unsublated) 402, 451 abādhya, as criterion of reality 662 abhāva (as an entity) see absence abhāva as a pramāṇa 178, 227-8, 254, 408, 448, 623, 636, 665 Abhayadeva 339, 705 Abhayatilaka Upādhyāya 11, 16, 521, 525, 612, 668, 712 abheda see identity Abhidharmakośa 274-5 abhidheyatva see nameability abhihitānvayavāda (a theory of meaning) 151, 385, 449, 514 Abhinanda, son of Jayanta 342 abhyāsa 707 abhyudaya (exultation) 32, 217 absence (abhāva) as a category or entity 44, 49, 53, 133, 141-146, 275, 306, 352-4, 426, 429, 486, 496, 523-5, 564, 589, 607, 613-4, 623-4, 628, 633, 636, 643, 666, 684, 704 absolute or constant (atyanta) 146, 219, 277, 281, 477, 525, 603, 624, 650-1, 666, 671-2, 675, 684 of capacity (sāmarthyābhāva) 146, 354 as causal factor 64, 513, 518, 563-4 contradictory to bhāva 457, 531, 570, 623 counterpositive (pratiyogin) of 53, 72, 110, 123, 144-5, 340, 352, 460, 487, 495-6, 513-4, 540, 570-1, 575, 579, 602, 611, 618, 623-4, 648-50, 671-2, 675, 677, 684 everything is an 234-5, 264, 333 has a cause 532 limited (apekṣābhāva) 146, 354 (relation to) locus of 72, 144, 308, 353, 437-8, 448, 460, 495, 513, 623, 636 mutual (anyonyābhāva) 52-3, 125, 145-6, 219, 277, 281, 354, 415, 477, 491, 514, 529-30, 540, 564, 598, 602, 617, 624, 648, 650, 657, 684 -ness (abhāvatva) 564 perceptiblity of? how cognized?

v2.c17.1.2

144-5, 161-2, 178, 254, 281, 340, 351, 356, 401, 408, 437, 448, 460, 495, 512-3, 570-1, 578-9, 602, 623, 636, 665, 703 posterior (dhvamsa) 28, 56, 62, 145-6, 219, 255, 277, 281, 324, 352, 354, 410, 477, 514, 603, 624, 644, 650-1, 666 prior (prāgabhāva) 145-6, 219, 277, 281, 324, 354, 477, 488, 501, 514, 532, 559-61, 603, 624, 644, 650-1, 656, 666 qualified (sāvacchinna) 477 relational (saṃsarga) 146, 277, 281, 477, 525, 602-3, 650-1, 666, 695 vyadhikaraṇadharmāvacchinnapratiyogitāka 668 accessory or auxiliary conditions (sahakārin) 55, 59, 243-4, 422, 430, 436-7, 449, 460, 481, 528-31, 550-1, 562, 569, 592, 611, 637, 641 accuracy 39, 42-3, 156 (human) action, act (kriyā, karman) (see also motion;

v2.c17.1.3

activity) 25, 27, 34, 99, 159, 227, 233, 235-6, 241, 249, 262, 287, 301, 331, 336, 388, 392, 427, 467, 487, 580, 585-7, 621 desired (kāmya) 427 naimittika (occasioned or conditioned) 427 nisiddha (prohibited) 300, 388, 427 nitya (prescribed) 300, 427 path of, see karmamārga activity (pravṛtti) 32-3, 95, 127, 130, 215, 217, 222-4, 235, 240-1, 250, 261, 266, 268-70, 276, 387, 432, 467, 478, 534, 538, 544, 547, 562, 605, 619, 666 adequacy 39, 42-3 ādhāra (substratum) 283 -tva 614 -ādheyasambandha (resider-residence relation) 613, 645, 689 adhesion (saṃgraha) 251, 299 ādheya (superstratum) see ādhāra adhika (a way of losing an argument) 273, 666, 676, 678 Adhyāyana 10, 484, 705 adṛṣṭa 28, 32, 100, 130-1, 216-7, 233, 262-3, 285, 289, 293-4, 301, 328, 331, 344, 410, 443, 449, 491, 565-6, 583, 609 -ānumāna see under inference -niḥśreyasa 306 Advaita Vedānta 11, 13, 15-6, 97-9, 160, 166-7, 169, 186, 385, 388-9, 413, 423-4, 428, 437, 496, 538-40, 546, 556, 604, 606-7, 609, 611, 624, 642, 660, 662, 667, 669, 707-8 Advaitasiddhi 707 Advayasiddhi 485 Āgamaḍambara 9, 341-2 agency, agent (kartṛ (tva)) 23, 99-100, 103, 106, 126, 227, 284, 286, 332-3, 435, 437, 493, 497, 517, 566-7, 594 direct (sākṣāt) 608 and motion see motion aggregate 74-6, 79, 250-1, 257-8, 263-4, 267, 313, 321-3, 339, 345, 381, 430, 530, 543 loose aggregate (pracaya) 78, 82-3, 218, 280, 291, 337-8, 598, 656 agriculture 306, 564-5 ahaṃkāra (ego-sense) 281, 386 air or wind (vāyu) 73, 86-8, 90, 98, 114, 119, 128, 142, 205, 213-6, 218-9, 223, 231, 256, 269-70, 277-8, 280, 285, 294, 300-1, 375-6, 379, 409, 434, 524, 571, 592, 594-5, 615-6, 622, 683, 700 Aitareyopaniṣad 702 aitihya see tradition ajīva 423 ajñāna (a way of losing an argument) 273 (Bhaṭṭa) Akalaṅka 423 ākāṃkṣā (expectancy) 149, 151, 450, 458, 466, 472, 476, 539, 577, 601, 665, 680 ākāra, see ākṛti ākāśa (a substance) 73, 90-1, 213, 524, 560, 592, 700 as locus of sound 56, 58, 90-1, 114, 161-2, 230-1, 254, 256, 300, 324, 374-5, 438, 449, 496, 571, 594-5, 616, 653 as related to all substances 70-1, 80, 91, 284, 468-9, 489 attributes of 217, 236, 259-60, 267, 284, 286, 291-2, 309, 317, 324, 374, 475, 515 grasps its own quality 259 identified with time, space and/or God 91 has individuator 142, 280, 302 has no locus 292 not a causal condition 321, 488 not commonsensical 315 not visually perceptible except by yogins 294, 308 proof of existence of 90-1, 286, 616 qualities of 91, 114, 117, 128, 214, 218, 228, 232, 256, 267, 278, 284, 286, 291 relation to other ubiquitous substances 122, 139, 609 akhyātivāda see error, theory of ākṛti or ākāra (configuration) 134, 151, 228, 256, 313, 325-7, 379, 381, 390, 483, 683 Akṣapāda, see Gautama, author of Nyāyasūtra ālambana 358, 411-2, 513 ālātacakra ("wheel of fire") 129, 233, 262, 321, 489 alaukika (extraordinary or uncommon) —pratyakṣa, see perception, extraordinary —pramāṇa, see pramāṇa, extraordinary silver (in error) 504, 506 alaukikārthakhyātivāda, see error, theory of ālayavijñāna 391, 498, 549, 551 alika (unreal) (see also empty term) 533 anadhyavasāya (indefinite knowledge) 170-1, 293, 400, 442-3, 605, 619 anadhyavasita (uncertain) (a hetvābhāsa) 197-8, 297, 403, 405, 420, 515, 624, 677 Anargharāghava 238 anaikāntika (a hetvābhāsa) 196, 203, 225, 272, 394, 403-5, 451, 471, 497, 508, 634, 651, 665, 671 ānanda, see bliss Ānandabodha 667 Ānandānubhava 11, 16, 660, 667, 711 Ānandapūrṇa Vidyāsāgara 612, 663 Ānandavardhana 688 ananubhāṣaṇa (a way of losing an argument) 273, 676 ananyathāsiddha (essential or relevant causal condition) 67, 664 anaucitya (unsuitability) 671 anavasthā, see infinite regress Andhra 11, 629 anekāntavāda 423, 428, 442 aṅger 298, 331 merit of lack of 299 Aniruddha 10, 521, 612, 706 anirvacanīya 339, 424, 612, 663 —khyātivāda, see error, theory of Annambhaṭṭa 695 antaḥkaraṇa 259-60, 293, 299, 401 antyāvayavin, see whole, final anubhava or anubhūti (experience) 154, 156, 167, 505, 534, 579-80, 607, 628, 630, 644 anumāna, see inference anumeya, see inference anumiti, see inference anupalabdhi (nonperception) 145, 178, 240, 262-3, 272, 296, 314-5, 419, 513, 527, 548, 574-6, 578-9, 623, 703 as pramāṇa 349-54, 448, 460, 578, 602 universal vs.

v2.c17.1.4

conditional 354 anupasaṃhārin (a hetvābhāsa) 199, 713 anuvyavasāya 160, 346, 534, 545, 614, 632 anuyogin 50 anvaya (grammatical connection) 680 anvayaśaktiniṣedha 683 anvayavyatirekin (positive-negative inference or concomitance) 184-5, 297, 310, 323, 402, 417, 463, 528, 530, 560, 562, 569, 634, 665, 675 ānvīkṣikī 20-1 anvitābhidhānavāda (a theory of meaning) 151, 385, 419, 449-50, 514 anyathākhyātivāda, see error, theory of anyathāsiddha, see asiddha Aparārkadeva 10, 30, 82-3, 91, 118, 121-2, 128-9, 136, 139, 178, 206, 603-12, 709 aparatva, see nearness; posteriority aparokṣa (immediate, direct) 166-7, 433, 524, 633 apārthaka (a way of losing an argument) 680-1 apaśabda (ungrammaticality) 680 apasarpaṇa (going out of the breath) 301 apasiddhānta (a way of losing an argument) 274, 666, 676, 681 apavarga 28, 222, 558 apekṣābuddhi (enumerative cognition) 120-1, 289-90, 292, 439, 584, 597-8, 617, 655-6, 687 apoha (vāda) 138, 326-7, 372, 375, 380-1, 418, 478, 509, 520, 532-6, 561, 708 Apohaprakaraṇa or -siddhi 706, 709 application (upanaya) 181, 183, 186, 188-9, 201, 203, 224, 245, 281, 297, 405-6, 451-2, 470, 624, 675 aprāptakāla (a way of losing an argument) 273, 336, 676 apratibhā (a way of losing an argument) 273, 680 āpta (worthy person;

v2.c17.1.5

authority) 176, 223, 227, 242, 296, 311-2, 365, 370, 378, 384, 395, 447, 456, 476, 510, 578, 585, 587, 601, 635-6 *apūrva* (see also: *karman*) 312, 385, 517, 562-3, 587, 684 *ārambhavāda* 443 *ārdhapañcamākāra* ("four and a half form") 520 argument, theory of, see logic Aristotle, Aristotelian 16, 139, 183 syllogism see under inference *ārṣa (vidyā)* (sagelike intuition) 294, 298, 401, 625 *artha* (material prosperity) 24 *artha* ("thing" in a technical Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika sense) 284, 386, 687 *arthakriyākāritva* (efficiency) 53, 62, 156, 456, 462, 480, 487, 492, 494-5, 528, 534-5, 626, 630 *arthāntara* (a way of losing an argument) 273, 679-80 *arthāpatti* (presumption) 177-8, 185, 227-8, 254, 271, 296, 346, 349-51, 362, 373-4, 407-8, 421, 448, 476, 512, 572, 577-8, 633, 636, 662, 665, 684 *dṛṣṭārtha/śrutārtha* 512 *Arthāpattivārttika* 11, 643 *Arthaśāstra* 20, 24 *arthavāda* 383, 588 articles in Sanskrit, absence of 247 Arya, Usharbudh 343 *ārya* (ordinary locals) 242, 476 *Āryadeva* 211, 221, 274, 282 *asādhāraṇadharma* (46, 408-9 ("too specific") (*a hetvābhāsa*) 197, 657 *āsakti* (causal inefficacy) 63, 275, 277, 279-80, 340 *asamavāyikāraṇa* (noninherence cause) 56, 88, 124, 131, 275, 280, 288, 337, 438-9, 489, 561-2, 616, 644, 652-4, 693, 695, 703 *laghvi/bṛhatī* 56, 438, 703 Asanga 190, 194 *asat* (nonbeing) 108-9, 143, 219, 235, 237, 240, 320, 330, 606, 662 *asatkāryavāda* 15, 58-9, 75 *asatkhyātivāda* see error, theory of *asatpratipakṣa* 402 ascertainment (*nirṇaya* or *niścaya*) 170, 206, 220, 222, 224, 241, 246, 248, 279, 317-8, 503, 567, 599, 630, 632, 637-9, 666 ascetics 34, 563 ascript 186, 201 *asiddha* ("unproved") (*a hetvābhāsa*) 183, 196-9, 203-4, 215, 296, 319, 394, 403-4, 445, 451, 497, 624, 640, 646, 649, 665, 677, 713 *svarūpa* 697 *ajñāna* 713 *anyathā* 319 *āśraya* 108, 319, 583, 649, 661 *āśraya*, see locus *āśrayasiddha*, see *asiddha*, *āśraya* *āśrayāsitasambandha* (locus-located relation) 50 assertion, 186, 201, 311, 316 *astitva* (isness) 48, 141-2, 283, 628 astrology 293 astronomy 344 Aśvaghoṣa 211 *Aśvamedha* (sacrifice) 573 atheism (see also: God, arguments for existence of) 472, 553, 581 *ativyāpti* (overextension of definition) 46, 311, 316, 337, 463, 470, 579, 630, 632, 652, 670, 672 *ātmakhyāti*, see error, theory of *ātman*, see self *ātmāśraya*, see self-residence *Ātmatattvaviveka* 7, 10, 54, 77, 96, 105, 145, 526-557, 594, 596, 638, 667, 692, 708-9, 712 *Āloka* 660 *ātmavidyā*, see self-knowledge atom, atomic theory 1, 45, 74, 79-86, 211 as *differentium* 328 as God's body 101, 105, 436 change in qualities of, see cooking combination of 74, 82-3, 115-6, 267, 291, 387, 564, 573, 615 contact between, see contact first combination after *pralaya* 22, 100, 130, 250, 285, 301, 333, 371, 565, 574 indivisibility of 80, 115-6, 236-7, 267, 334, 593 individuator of, see individuator manifested, s.v.

v2.c17.1.6

motion of 98, 583 ordinary imperceptibility of 76, 82-3, 215, 267, 322, 620 proof of existence of 432, 541-2, 592, 615 properties of 82-3, 88, 339, 555, 593-4 qualities of 31, 84-6, 118-9, 130, 218, 263, 289, 292, 299, 331, 432, 498, 543, 584, 593, 596-8, 608-9, 617, 653-5 size of 74, 79-82, 123-4, 218, 291 yogic perception of 291, 294, 445, 620 *Ātreya* 9, 142-3, 238, 337-8, 658, 697 attachment or attraction (*rāga*) 29, 31-3, 47, 234, 266, 276, 298, 314, 331, 409, 507, 553, 563, 611 attention or selective interest 94, 128-9, 226, 232, 250, 261, 286, 297-8 auditory organ 91, 98-9, 117, 161-2, 223, 230-1, 255, 259, 271, 277, 286, 294, 300, 308-9, 323, 374-5, 494, 496, 571, 595 see also perception, auditory Aufrecht, Th. 629, 710 Augustine 151 Austin, J.L. 691 authority, appeal to 3, 113 *avabhāsa* (appearance) 390 *avacche(ka)* (limitation, limitor) 50, 389, 475, 477, 614, 673 *avadhi* (limit) 559-60 in ablative 617-8 *avatāra* 117 *avayava*, see part;

v2.c17.1.7

member of an argument aversion (*dveṣa*) 29, 32-3, 89, 95, 112-4, 117, 127-8, 213, 217, 223, 232, 234, 261, 278-9, 287-8, 294, 298, 301, 331, 409, 452, 486, 526, 553, 653 Aviddhakarṇa 5, 9, 103, 120, 338-40, 697 avidyā or ajñāna (ignorance, imperfect knowledge) 32, 98, 206, 219, 279, 293, 331, 334, 347, 384, 388-9, 409, 440, 442, 482, 496-7, 502, 518, 538, 540, 569, 606-7, 618 avijñātārthaka (a way of losing an argument) 273, 680-1 avinigama (nonchoice) 671 aviṣamāditva (nondeviance) 156, 347, 630 avīta, see under hetu (h) avyabhicāra or avitatha (nondeviance) 161, 164-7, 223, 241, 295, 348, 356, 397, 444-5, 461, 509, 633, 671, 683, 702 avyapadeśya 161-5, 223, 241, 295, 356-8, 397, 413, 444-5, 461, 633, 694, 702 avyāpti (too narrow definition; underextension) 46, 463, 579, 630, 632, 653, 670, 672 Āyurveda 107, 378, 555, 584 Vṛkṣa 437 ayutasiddha (inseparable) 51, 70, 77, 283, 302, 340, 379

v2.c17.2.1

bādha, bādhita (sublated) (a hetvābhāsa) (see also contradiction) 198, 205, 380, 394, 458, 502, 543, 545, 581-2, 606-7, 621, 624-5, 640, 646, 662, 677, 713 Bagchi, S. 692 baking, see cooking Bāṇa 376 Banaras 4, 9, 211, 522, 595, 613 bare (ground) 513 begging the question 231 beginninglessness 25, 82, 245, 302, 305, 331, 378, 496-7, 559-60, 567 Being, see existence; astitva Belgami 22 Bengal, Bengali 6, 10, 341, 424, 485 Berkeley, George 1, 65 Bhadrabāhu 180 Bhaduri, Sadananda 92, 142, 689-91 Bhagavadgītā 14, 26-7, 427, 701 Bhāgīratha 707 bhakti 27, 30, 299 Bhamā, Bhāmatī 453-4 name of a work 604 Bhandarkar, D.R. 22, 688, 694, 711 Bhandarkar, R.G. 710 Bharadvāja, see Uddyotakara clan 341 Bharadvājavṛtti 12, 338, 685 —bhāṣya 338, 685 Bhārata (India) 611 Bhartṛhari 152-3, 418, 424, 426, 461 Bhartṛmitra 375 Bhāsarvajña 6, 9, 21, 29-30, 34, 50-1, 71, 82-3, 120-5, 127, 129, 131, 136, 167-8, 171, 175, 178, 197-9, 203, 206, 394, 396-424, 451, 454, 597-9, 604, 606-11, 617-8, 639, 657, 659, 667, 672, 681, 688, 699, 712 Bhāskara 33, 454, 556, 573, 624 bhāṣya (a kind of commentary) 700 “Bhāṣya-Vārttika school” 341 Bhāṭṭa (Mīmāṃsā) (see also Kumārila) 90, 95, 106, 151, 157, 160, 349, 351, 589, 607, 614, 623-4, 629, 632-3 Bhattacharya, B.

v2.c17.2.2

696-7 Bhattacharya, Dinesh Chandra 10-12, 341, 396, 424, 453-4, 520-3, 612-3, 643, 659-60, 663, 668-9, 682, 684, 697-9, 704-6, 709-10, 712, 715 Bhattacharya, Gopikamohan 640, 652, 690 Bhattacharya, Harisatya 79-80, 690 Bhattacharya, Janakivallabha 343, 394-5 Bhattacharya, Kalidas 689 Bhattacharya, N.C. 694, 705, 710 Bhaṭṭa Rāghava 11, 397, 399, 647, 659, 711 bhautika (elemental), see element bhāva (presence or positive existence) 140-1, 145, 176, 212-3, 215, 235, 240, 457, 486, 589, 628, 693 bhāvanā (productive activity as meaning of sentence) 383 Bhaviṣyapurāṇapariśiṣṭa 522 Bhāvivikta 5, 9, 96, 281, 338-9, 696 bhedābhedavāda 519 bhedāgraha 458-9, 478 bhūta, see element Bhuvanasundarasūri 647-8 bhūyodarśana (repeated observation) 202-3, 206, 446, 622, 641-2, 672 Biardeau, Madeleine 46, 689 Bikaner 660 birth (janma), 222, 233, 235, 241, 306, 491, 496 kinds of (viviparous/oviparous) 285 blind (ness) 230, 259 bliss (ānanda) 28-30, 33, 243, 388, 410, 428, 554, 609 in liberation, see liberation Bochenski, J.M. 182, 692 Bodas, M.R. 613, 694, 710 Bodhasiddhi see Nyāyapariśiṣṭa 208 bodhi, see enlightenment bodhisattva 23, 30 (gross) body (śarīra) 88-89, 386, 432 action of, see action;

v2.c17.2.3

activity a prameya, 223 a single whole—see whole composition of 216, 229, 258, 387, 432-3, 592 every creator must have a 581-2 female 33, 266 God’s—see God’s body lack of in liberation 217, 305, 428 --mind, see mind-body problem --ness, 615 not an additional substance 615 not the self 215, 266, 293, 549, 567 of transformations, see nirmāṇakāya produced by karman 35, 100, 233, 245, 261-3, 285, 300, 306, 330-2 properties of 100, 223, 235 qualities of 130, 232, 243, 258, 261-2, 408, 636 subtle, s.v. wombborn 88, 216, 285 yogic 35, 94, 96, 98, 130, 301 bondage 31-2, 97-8, 125-8, 242, 263, 300, 387, 409-10, 437 causes of 54, 130, 242, 553 Boolean logic 192-3 Bradleey, G.H.

v2.c17.2.4

53 Brahmā years 285 brahman 28, 243, 384-5, 389-90, 428, 482, 496, 574, 606, 662, 707 brāhmaṇa (priest), see Brahmin brahmāṇḍa ("world-egg", universe) 139, 610 Brahmāṇḍapurāṇa 221 Brahmasiddhi 453, 459, 511, 604 Brahmasūtrabhāṣya (of Śaṃkara) 338, 454 Brahmin(s) (brāhmaṇa) 6, 26, 31, 217, 247, 299, 453, 488, 518, 522, 573-4 breath (ing) 95, 128, 285, 287, 293, 298, 301, 317 Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 409, 661 Buddha 16, 26, 31, 179, 211, 329-30, 342, 378 buddhi, 549 in Sāṃkhya 126, 243, 259, 348, 386-7, 439, 467, 566 in Jainism, 441 Buddhism (see also: Mādhyamika, Yogācāra, Dignāga, Dharmakīrti, Buddha, etc.) 1-2, 4-7, 13-5, 17, 24-5, 28, 30, 32, 53-4, 57, 60-8, 73-8, 80-1, 84-5, 115-6, 137-8, 156, 159-60, 162-4, 168, 174, 179, 183, 186, 188-90, 194-5, 199, 201-4, 211, 220-1, 274, 293, 304, 309-10, 313, 316-7, 320, 326, 328, 338-40, 342-5, 347-9, 352-3, 355-6, 358-62, 368, 372, 375, 378, 380, 382, 388, 395-6, 398, 413, 416-20, 422, 428, 430, 440-1, 443, 445-7, 469, 472, 475, 479-80, 492, 494-6, 499-500, 505-6, 509-10, 513-4, 517, 519-22, 526-54, 556, 558, 562, 567-9, 573-4, 589, 595-6, 600, 606-7, 610-11, 616, 618-20, 626, 630-1, 633-4, 641, 649, 660, 672, 675, 680-1, 696, 706, 708-9 butter 90, 128, 415, 490

v2.c17.3.1

Calcutta 612 Candra (Jayanta's father) 342 Candrakānta Tarkālaṃkāra 557 Candramati 5, 9, 33, 63, 80, 112, 114, 124, 127, 134-5, 137, 140-4, 146, 161, 184, 274-283, 695 Candrānanda 12, 212, 338, 685, 693 Caraka 180, 211 Carneades, 17 Cārvāka 16, 25, 102-4, 172, 179, 339, 344, 354, 362, 372, 385-6, 558, 568, 576, 620-1, 633, 708 category (padārtha) 6, 43, 47, 49, 69-73, 149, 206, 208, 212, 222, 240-2, 274-5, 283, 300, 302-3, 306-7, 344-5, 383, 414-5, 426-7, 429, 431, 455, 589, 613, 629, 631-2, 636, 642, 661-2, 693 - mistake 187, 195 caturaṇuka (quadruple atom) 338 causation 8, 15, 220, 234, 640-1, 664, 682, 693 absences as causal factors, see absence accessory causes, s.v.

v2.c17.3.2

as additional category 55, 65 Buddhist theory of 7, 15, 55, 60-3, 66-7, 329-30, 419, 479-81, 528-32, 550-1, 568-9 causal conditions, chain of 32, 130 causal condition par excellence—see karaṇa causal efficacy, see śakti causal factors, full collection of see sāmagrī causal inference—see inference, by identity and causal causal relations (see also: production, manifestation, transformation) 54-68, 74, 103, 201-2, 322, 329-32, 334, 340, 419, 436, 480-2, 528-32, 550-1, 559-66, 590 causality (kāraṇatva) 65, 413, 566 effective (sādhaka) 305 established by perception 640 God's—see God inherence cause, see samavāyikāraṇa instrumental cause, see nimittakāraṇa noninherence cause, see asamavāyikāraṇa plurality of causes 55, 67-8, 501, 561 (most) proximate, see karaṇa relation between universals 55, 561-2, 590 Sāṃkhya theory of 14, 57-60, 332, 501, 538 cavil (vitaṇḍa) 208, 222, 225, 237, 318, 406, 471, 639, 666, 677, 704 certainty, see ascertainment; necessary ceṣṭā, see gesture Cakravarti, M. 705-6 chala, see quibble Chāndogya Upaniṣad 409, 554, 707 change, process (see also: causality; motion) 62, 83-6, 345 as real 61 charm or incantation, magic spell, as frustrating causation 63-4, 456, 501 chastity (brahmacarya) 217, 299 Chatterjee, Satischandra 153-4, 688, 692 Chaudhuri, A.K.R.

v2.c17.3.3

688 Chemparathy, George 688, 696 children 36-7, 229, 233 Chinese, China 5, 23, 211, 274 Christianity 24 (vicious) circularity (in argument) 207, 305, 463, 477, 592, 637, 670, 712 citrarūpa—see color, variegated Citsukha 660-3, 667, 700-1 class 41, 45, 134-5, 169, 192, 195, 203, 301 cognition, see jñāna coherence theory of truth, see truth, coherence theory collection, see aggregate color (rūpa) 86, 112, 213-4, 230, 277, 492 of air 86, 205, 215, 379, 622 of atoms 263 (see also: atom; cooking) black, as darkness 110-1, 487, 589 change of, in cooking (see also;

v2.c17.3.4

cooking) 84-6, 117-8, 218, 289, 313, 596-7, 654 inferred from taste 463-4, 600 of internal organ-379 a locus-pervading quality 114, 117, 280 manifested/unmanifested 117-9, 258, 294, 433-4, 444, 490, 620 a natural quality of the body 233, 262 necessary condition of perceptibility 87, 92, 118-9, 132, 215-6, 321, 363, 433 -ness-288, 693 as noninherence cause 56, 288, 438 perception of 288, 294 properties of 218, 279, 288-9 relations between 457 shades of, as color universals 591-2 a specific quality 113-4, 216, 256 in universals 137, 340 variegated (citra) 78, 118, 136, 334, 380, 413, 432, 490, 541, 608 when produced and destroyed 498, 596, 654, 664 which is not produced by cooking 288 common sense 43-4 common usage 331 comparison (upamāna) 154, 174-6, 186, 222-3, 226-7, 242, 245, 252, 296, 311, 323, 339, 364, 406-8, 421, 447, 465, 576-7, 602, 633-5, 640, 665, 703 role of memory in-see memory compassion 106, 298, 370 concentration see samādhi concept see idea conception (of a child) 491 conceptualism 133, 140 conclusion (nigamana) 181, 185-6, 188, 192, 224, 245, 290, 297, 307, 318, 406, 470, 624, 675 concurrence see samb'ava consciousness (see also : jñāna) 28-9, 125-7, 243, 286, 345, 376, 385-6, 409-10, 467, 481-3, 500, 535, 609, 636 pure witnessing see sākṣin constant conjunction 55 (mental or conceptual) construction (vikalpa, kalpanā) (see also : samvrti) 60, 62, 76, 159, 309-10, 330, 358, 379-81, 414, 416-7, 430, 456, 462-3, 474-5, 478-9, 505-7, 519-20, 546-7, 600, 631 contact (samyoga) 52, 70-2, 86, 112, 213, 278, 321-2, 598-9, 609, 618, of all-pervading substances 91, 286, 291, 324, 439, 489-90, 609, 687 asymmetry of 50, 690 of atoms 79-82, 84, 100-1, 114-6, 236, 267, 289, 291, 324, 334-5, 530, 541-2, 596-7, 654 between external and internal organs 32, 94, 241, 575 between organs and objects see sense-object-contact causal relations of 121-2, 131, 212-3, 218, 280, 288, 291-2, 299-301, 308, 313, 317, 322, 337, 392, 438-9, 596, 608 conditions of perception of 216, 279, 287, 594 contrasted with inherence 302-3 fourfold 215, 219, 279, 295, 444-5, 507 a generic quality 113, 287 locus-pervading 78, 81, 114-6, 280, 288, 291, 324, 340, 498, 507, 530, 541-2, 618 loose see aggregate, loose nonmomentary 292 nontransitivity of 92 resident in pairs 279 twofold between self and internal organ 162, 216-7, 219, 226, 250, 261, 276, 279, 293-4, 298, 301 339, 462, 480 threefold 215, 294 content see object contentment 298 contingent or a posteriori 65-6 continuant or stable object (sthira) 7, 15, 45, 54, 57, 63-4, 73, 76, 174, 203-4, 339, 462, 480 contraction (ākuñcana) 213, 280 contradictory (viruddha) (see also bādha) 38-9, 41, 43, 246, 271, 320, 333, 368, 370, 457, 463, 529-30 a fallacy of the h 196-8, 215, 225, 246, 296, 319, 394, 403-4, 445, 451, 471, 624, 637, 651, 665, 677 a type of inference, see inference involved in doubt 244, 248, 297, 576, 641 involved in ways of losing an argument 273-4, 676 not allowed among propoerties of p or s 191, 508 properties of a single thing 118, 380, 528-30, 541 scriptural passages 365, 554 self-contradictory 187, 227, 235, 237, 264-5, 267, 316-7, 321-2, 328, 333, 515, 540, 631, 651-2 a kind of tarka (vyāghāta) 207, 670-1 controversy (kathā) 208, 224, 224, 246, 318, 406, 424, 471, 638-9, 652, 675-6, 684 convention (al) 153, 219, 227, 253, 370, 377-8, 384, 406, 408, 416, 420-1, 446, 448, 450, 472, 476, 487, 510, 519, 531, 600-1 knowledge of (conventional objects) (samvrtijñāna) 309, 347, 422, 537-8, 696, 706-7 ordainer of, see God cooking (pāka) 79, 84-7, 117-9, 218, 233, 236, 251, 263, 284, 289, 313, 386, 438-9, 452, 552, 564-5, 653-5, 700 pilupāka 596-7, 653-4, 687 pitharapāka 596, 687 correlation, see pratisamdhāna counterexample 102-3, 372 counterfactual conditional 108, 583 counterpositive (*pratiyogin*) see absence, counterpositive —ness (*pratiyogitā*) 650 Cowell, E.B.

v2.c17.3.5

557 creation, creator (of the world) (see also God) 205, 219, 234, 285, 301, 332-3, 371, 409, 435-6, 493, 527, 572-5, 581-3, 594, 598-9, 612 Cynics 21, 399

v2.c17.4

Dalal, C.D. 399, 699 Darbhanga 342, 453, 522 darkness (*tamas*) (see also shadow) 48, 110-1, 217, 297, 327-8, 340, 487, 524, 589, 613-4, 619, 661-2, 682, 701-2 Daśapadārthaśāstra 5, 9, 56, 63, 114, 274-81 Daśalokimahāvidyāsūtra 647 Datta Dhirendra Mohan 691 Daulatabad 11 Daya Krishna 19, 23, 688 deafness 286 death 229, 233, 265, 286, 301, 307, 312, 335-6 debate (see also discussion) 2, 14, 18-20, 43, 182, 207-8, 268-74, 296-7, 318, 337, 341, 420, 436, 638, 676, 715 debt 235, 265 Deccan 9 deep sleep (*suṣupti*) 32, 235-6, 388, 467, 540, 573, 575, 617, 636 definition (*lakṣaṇa*) 8, 28, 40, 46, 50, 69-74, 157, 241, 302, 317-8, 324, 331, 466, 469-71, 509, 604, 627, 630, 634, 644, 664, 689, 701 as stage of a science 490 delusion (*moha*) 33, 234, 265, 409 demerit (*adharma*) 32, 112-4, 117, 129-31, 170, 217, 241, 262-3, 276-7, 279, 284-8, 293-4, 298-301, 332, 335, 358, 371, 373, 409, 427, 433, 436, 444, 452, 467, 517-8, 634, 653, 693, 695 denotation (see also theory of meaning; words, meaning of) 41, 44, 49, 177, 253, 320, 323, 370, 519 dependence (*paratantra, sāpekṣa*) 232, 311, 486, 559, 640 dependent origination, see pratītyasamutpāda Descartes, Rene 158, 207 description 109-10 desire (*rāga, kāma*) (see also attachment) 24, 32, 89, 94-5, 99-101, 105-6, 112-4, 117, 127-8, 169, 213, 217, 223, 232, 237, 242-3, 250, 261, 266, 278-9, 285, 287-8, 294, 297-8, 300-1, 312, 409, 452, 493, 526, 585-6, 621, 629, 653 to know (*jijñāsā*) 187, 244, 456-7, 470, 507, 675 God's 371-2, 378, 436, 494 destruction or dissolution 82, 84-5, 119, 219, 228, 231-2, 234, 245, 254-5, 258, 260, 264, 285-6, 289-91, 324, 329-30, 339, 422-3, 435, 479-81, 491, 495, 498, 531-2, 542, 571, 594, 596, 599, 654-6, 682 deva, see god

v2.c17.5

Devadattaness 135 Devadhar, C.R. 699 Devasthali, G.V. 694 devil or goblin (*piśāca*) 300, 354, 400, 463 devotion, see bhakti Dhairyarāśi 9, 341, 698 dharma (right conduct, duty) 24, 26, 34, 518, 573 dharma (a quality) see merit dharma (property) see property (*dharma*) Dharmakīrti 4, 66, 76-7, 190, 194, 281, 303-4, 338, 340, 342, 369, 397-8, 413-20, 422-3, 426, 556, 610, 633, 690, 698, 702, 706, 709 Dharmapāla 274 Dharmaśāstra 24, 344 dharmin (substratum) 48, 190-1, 703 Dharmottara 61, 194, 416, 454, 484, 495 Dharmottarapradīpa 396 dhṛti (support) 583 Dhruva, A.B. 692, 694, 696 dhvaṃsa, see absence, posterior; destruction dhvani (noise) 300, 374-5 vaikṛta/prākṛta 152 dialectic, dialogue 5, 20, 179 difference (*bheda*) (see also absence, mutual) 55, 120, 166, 247, 264, 375, 388, 458, 540-1, 597, 606, 608, 611, 620, 640, 663, 666, 707 differentia (*ting* characteristic) 170-1, 213, 228, 244, 261, 270, 297, 299, 302, 305-6, 315, 328, 375, 432, 491 Dignāga 4-5, 61, 89, 163, 179, 185, 189-92, 194, 200-1, 282, 303, 347, 355, 413, 415, 418, 420, 455-7, 460, 463, 465, 469-70, 695-6, 709 dik, see space dimension, see size Dinakari 704 Dīpaṃkara (i.e., Atīśa) 556, 709 directness (*sākṣāttva*) 631-3, 636 Dīrghatamas, see Gautama, author of Nyāyasūtra discussion (*vāda*) 32, 43-4, 192, 195, 199, 208, 222, 224-5, 237, 240-1, 246, 272, 318, 406, 639, 666, 676 disjunction (*vibhāga*) 52, 86, 91, 112-4, 122-3, 125, 131, 212-3, 216-8, 244, 278-80, 286-9, 291-2, 294, 300-1, 308, 313, 317, 337, 392, 438, 468-9, 487, 490, 501-2, 507, 594, 596, 599, 608-10, 618, 644, 663, 687, 700 dispositional tendency (*saṃskāra*) (see also elasticity; trace; vega) 112, 114, 128, 216, 219-20, 255, 262, 270, 276, 278-80, 285, 287-8, 290, 299, 301, 437, 644, 695 distance, see farness and/or nearness Divākara 11, 16, 659-60, 711 doṣa (fault or defect) 32, 107, 145, 167, 169, 219, 222-4, 227, 234, 236, 241, 250, 263, 266, 293, 316, 331, 370, 387-8, 467, 476, 511-2, 533, 570, 578, 584, 601, 606, 619, 666 in inference see fallacy of the h double moon, illusion of 165, 370, 440-1, 504, 605 doubt (*saṃśaya*) 154, 165, 170-2, 222, 224, 240-1, 244, 248, 279, 293, 348, 356, 358, 367, 388-9, 391-2, 420, 444, 461, 618, 627, 658, 666, 675 about the truth of the hypothesis 187 conditions of 171, 214, 220, 248, 315, 319-20, 337, 358, 391-2, 442-3, 451, 468, 515, 618, 627-8 methodological limits of 158, 207, 576, 641 —ness a proper universal 605 role of memory in, see memory a single judgment 604-5 and skepticism 172, 412, 576 and tarka 470, 503, 599, 622, 641-2, 658, 669-70 validity of 416 varieties of 170-1, 244, 293, 315, 400, 442, 627, 666 doubtful h (samdigdha) (a hetvābhāsa) 196-8, 215, 258, 270, 296-7, 515 Dramila (or Draviḍa) see Vātsyāyana Dravida, L.S. 304 dravya, see substance Dravyaviveka 685 dream (svapna) 94, 129, 165, 219, 237, 243, 264, 268, 293-4, 335, 369-70, 414, 441, 443, 504, 545, 607, 619, 628, 687 dream-end cognition 294, 504 dṛṣṭa, see inference dṛṣṭānta, see example drugs 35, 298 duḥkha, see pain Dundhiraja Sastrin 10, 222, 701 Durveka Miśra 484, 699 Dvaita 13 dveṣa see aversion Dvivedin, V.P. 304, 629, 710 Dvyāśraya Mahākāvya 668 dyad (dvyanuka) 82-3, 116, 121-4, 276, 279, 285, 291, 332, 334, 338, 433, 439, 488, 491, 498, 584, 592-3, 608-9, 617, 654-7 dyotaka (elucidating expression) 660

v2.c17.6

ear, see auditory organ earth (pṛthivī) 73, 213, 524, 591, 700 atoms of 31, 50, 71, 88, 98, 142, 218, 438, 489, 524, 592 change in qualities of, see cooking —ness 71, 432, 614 properties of 136, 277, 284 qualities of 86-7, 90, 113, 117, 119, 128-9, 214, 218, 276-80, 490, 614 varieties of 88, 219, 223, 229-31, 258, 284-5, 299, 432-3, 524, 592, 615 economy (lāghava) 39-41, 43, 110, 123, 137, 481, 542, 625, 671 effect or product (kārya) (see also phala; causality) 55, 119, 213, 215, 220, 223-4, 228, 234-5, 240, 242, 244-5, 262-3, 266, 284, 295, 297, 320, 331, 388, 419, 483, 581, 666, 687, 693 effort (yatna, prayatna) 34, 94-5, 99-101, 105, 112-4, 117, 128, 131, 213, 216, 223, 250, 261, 270-2, 278-9, 287-8, 294, 298-301, 317, 329, 332, 373, 432, 493, 625, 644, 653

v2.c17.7

God's 371-2, 494 egotism (asmitā) 611 ekadeśin 6, 399, 639, 688 ekārthasamavāya, see inherence in the same object ekatva, see unity elasticity (sthitisthāpaka) 87, 299 element (bhūta) and elemental (bhautika) 48-9, 216, 220, 223, 229-31, 233-4, 243, 258-9, 284, 301, 308, 321, 329, 386, 432-3, 439, 490, 591, 615 basic 48 big (mahābhūta) 254, 493 —hood 136 empiricism 1, 43, 65-7, 195 empty (i.e., nonreferring) term 182, 191, 195, 530-1 enjoyment 433, 517, 524, 636 entailment 192-3 enumerative cognition, see apekṣābuddhi envy 331 epistemology 1-2, 12, 14, 19, 43, 47, 49, 687 error (viparyaya) or wrong notion or false judgment (mithyājñāna) (see also super-imposition; validity; vikalpa; etc.) 148, 154, 165, 268, 293, 400, 512, 600, 618, 628, 677, 700-1 all propositional judgments erroneous in Buddhism 174, 313-4, 358-9 "every judgment is false" 237, 267-8, 335-6 includes tarka 599 inferential 416, 442-3 not an absence 265, 388-9 perceptual 2, 165, 169, 359, 442 hallucination 358, 503 illusion 97, 165, 237, 268, 293, 309, 337, 345, 348, 357-8, 365-6, 400, 502-4, 605-7 possibility of with respect to absences 145 role of memory in see memory source of bondage 99-100, 222, 242, 265-6, 589 theory of (khyātivāda) 166-7, 368-70, 391, 411-2, 458, 503, 530-1, 605-7, 618-9, 668, 684 in verbal testimony 227, 366, 443, 511, 570, 601 eternal (nitya) entity 74, 284, 324 as causal condition 55-6, 62 everything is 234, 263-4, 333-4, 482, 569 individuation of 590, 693 inseparability in 51, 266, 292 is experience of eternal pleasure eternal? 243-4 —ness 594 depends on imperceptibility 82 of God's characteristics 333, 372, 630 nothing is (see also momentariness) 234, 263-4, 333-4 size of 124, 291 unreality of, see momentariness ethical theory 2, 13 ethical naturalism 130 ethics 1-2 etymology 344 event 1, 41, 45, 54-5, 57, 363-4 —ontology (see also momentariness) 1, 60-3 evidence 20, 436 evil, problem of 101, 106, 371-3, 481 exaltation see, abhyudaya example (*dṛṣṭānta*, *udāharaṇa*) 102, 181, 186, 222, 224, 238, 240, 270, 273 315, 394, 406, 666, 681 as member of inference (see also *sapakṣa*; *vipakṣa*) 181, 186, 189, 192, 195, 199, 245, 394, 405, 469-70, 675 excluded middle 31, 348 exegesis, Vedic 344 existence (*sattā*) (see also *bhāva*) 134-5, 140-2, 144, 146, 212-4, 216, 235, 240, 271-2, 277, 279-80, 301-3, 324, 326, 360, 437, 440, 462, 487-9, 528, 530, 590, 595, 601, 624, 626-8, 661, 693 existential import 204 expansion (*prasarana*) 213, 280 experience (*anubhava*, *anubhūti*), direct 30, 631, 660-1, 664, 666 explication 40, 46, 61 extension, see size extensionality 45, 72 principle of 45, 137 external world (*bāhyārtha*) 2, 7, 14, 18, 47, 237, 267, 335-6, 356, 414, 440-1, 482, 498-500, 527, 535-46, 611, 619-20, 707 extraordinary, see alaukika eye—see visual organ

v2.c17.8

fact, atomic 48-9, 188-9 Faddegon, Barend 18-9, 52, 80, 90, 338, 685, 688-90, 694, 696-7, 705, 710, 715 faith (*śraddhā*) 34, 299, 565 fallacy of the *hetu* (*hetvābhāsa*) (see also under specific names of fallacies) 182-3, 187, 191, 195-9, 207, 215, 222, 225, 238, 246-7, 271, 274, 295-7, 318-9, 361, 397, 403-5, 420, 445-6, 470-2, 508-9, 531, 570, 624, 639-40, 644, 659, 666, 676-7, 687, 704, 713 fallacy of the example 187, 199, 405 fallacy of the *pakṣa* 393 fallacy of *upādhi* 674 fallibilism 67-8, 159, 195 false (statements, knowledge, etc) see error farness (*paratva*) 86, 91-2, 112-4, 123-4, 143, 213, 216, 219, 277-80, 286-8, 292, 294, 308, 415, 487, 489, 599, 608-9, 612, 618, 700 fasting 217, 299 fear 243 feeling 28-9, 266 fire or light (*tejas*) 65, 73, 85-7, 89-90, 98, 110-1, 114, 117, 119, 128, 142, 213-4, 216-9, 223, 230, 233, 251, 258, 262, 276-8, 280, 284-5, 289, 299, 313, 321, 330, 340, 390-1, 433-4, 437-8, 444, 487, 490-1, 497, 500, 524, 592-3, 596-8, 614-5 fluidity (*dravatva*) 87, 91, 112, 114, 128, 131, 214, 216, 251, 262, 276, 278-80, 288, 294, 299, 301, 693 natural (*sāmsiddhika*) 113-4, 128, 299 accidental or instrumental (*naimittika*) 113, 128, 284, 287-8, 299, 490 foreigner 176, 242, 476 forest-dweller (*vānaprastha*) 217 Frauwallner, Erich 5, 9-10, 15, 274-5, 282, 303, 687, 690, 692, 694-7, 700, 712 freedom, see liberation of the will 34 Frenkian, A. M. 17, 687 frustration—see pain futile rejoinder (*jāti*) 208, 222, 225, 238, 246, 268-72, 406, 420, 472, 640, 649, 667-9, 704, 714

v2.c17.9

Gadādhara Miśra 713 Gaṇakārikās 9, 21, 399 Gandharvas, city of 237, 268 Gaṅgādhara Kaviratna Kavirāja 338, 685 Gaṅgeśa 3, 8, 16, 169, 199, 521, 660, 667-9, 682, 684, 708, 712-3, 715 gas 89-90 Gauḍa Brahmin 341 Gauḍabrahmānanda 707 gaurava (overcomplexity) (see also economy) 43, 635, 671 Gautama Buddha—see Buddha Gautama, author of Nyāyasūtras (see also Nyāyasūtras) 3-4, 7, 9, 22, 31-3, 36, 54, 58, 60, 68, 75, 80, 88-9, 95, 97, 100, 125-6, 130, 134-5, 137, 143, 151, 153, 161-2, 164-5, 167-8, 170-1, 174-6, 178, 180, 182, 184, 196, 198, 206, 208, 220, 239, 246, 248-9, 252, 261-3, 265, 306-7, 313-6, 318, 320, 330, 344, 354, 363, 386-7, 395, 406-8, 411, 421, 444, 455, 458, 605, 625, 633, 639, 680-2, 693-5, 702, 705, 714 gavaya 174-6, 242, 252, 293, 297, 311, 364 genus (*sāmānya*) 134, 212-4, 219, 252 gesture (*ceṣṭā*) 223, 243, 296, 386, 408, 447, 601 Ghate, V.S. 710 ghost, see devil giving 217 God (*īśvara*) 21-3, 100, 688, 701 arguments for or against the existence of 2, 7-8, 36, 101-10, 331-2, 339, 371-3, 409, 421-2, 426, 435, 481-3, 522, 526, 555, 558-88, 594, 645 as author of the Vedas 34-5, 107-8, 153, 371, 377-8, 429, 447, 555-6, 569, 588, 611 's body 100-1, 104-5, 108-9, 340, 371-2, 421-2, 435-6, 493, 555, 575, 581-3 's control of karman 263 as creator of the world (see also creation) 22, 34, 100, 102, 105, 108, 234, 263, 285, 328, 331-3, 387, 409, 422, 436, 527, 555-6, 572, 574, 582-3, 612 creator of merit and demerit 34 as destroyer of the world 285, 574 general condition of all action 22 identified with space, time, ākāśa 91, 93, 424 's injunctions, see under injunction 's karman 100-1, 263 as locus of valid knowledge 525, 579-80, 610, 630, 633, 644 as ordainer of verbal conventions 253, 476 's play, see līlā properties of 100-1, 105-6, 118, 125, 168, 263, 283, 333, 409-10, 422, 436, 439, 481, 494, 527, 555-6, 579, 594, 641 qualities of 91, 101, 117, 128, 263, 690 role in causing liberation 25, 34, 331, 409, 427-9 as teacher 342 Gode, P.K. 667 god (deva) 22, 35, 88, 265, 285, 311, 333, 565, 579 going (gamana) 213, 280, 283, 300-1, 525 gold 89-90, 285, 434, 490-2, 524, 615, 683 Goodman, Nelson 687-9 Gotama, see Gautama Govardhana Miśra 663 grāhya 414 grammar 2, 6, 13, 21, 58, 108, 149-51, 153, 253, 311, 342-4, 353, 382-3, 385, 413, 555 Grammarians (Vaiyākaraṇa) 13, 90, 152-3, 163, 360, 388-90, 428, 449, 470, 586 greed 331 Greek thought (see also: Aristotle; Plato; etc.) 17, 80, 139 Gujarat 21 guṇa (in Saṃkhya) 322, 332 guṇa, see quality guṇaguṇibheda (difference between a quality and its possessor) 546-8 Guṇaratna 337, 394 Gupta, Brahmananda 698, 700 guru 217, 237, 300 Gurumurti, D. 643, 687, 694, 710

v2.c17.10

habit 129 Hacker, Paul 20, 454, 688, 698, 705 hallucination, see error happiness 299-300, 356,424 hardness (kāṭhinya) 625, 687 hare's horn 145, 204, 314, 327-8, 339, 482, 488, 530-2, 574-5, 606, 629, 650 Haridāsa Nyāyālaṃkāra 557 Harivarman 282 Life of 211 hatred, see aversion Hattori, Masaaki 134, 212, 275, 685, 690 heart 98-9, 293, 443 heat (see also cooking) 84-5, 87, 90, 313, 432-4, 654 heaven 301, 311, 427, 510, 587-8, 644 hedonism 127 hell 301, 373

v2.c17.11

Hemacandra 668, 714 hetu (h) or liṅga (see also inference) 181, 191-9, 295, 317, 339, 393, 402, 445, 469, 475, 634 in the application, see parāmarśa dṛṣṭa 402 effective (prayojaka) 576, 622 fallacies of the, see fallacies of the hetu in pervasion, see pervasion in the reason, see hetu (reason) sāmānyato dṛṣṭa 402 threefold mark of—see trairūpya vitālavita 275, 317, 470 hetu (reason) 102, 181, 186, 188, 195, 197, 224-5, 245, 264, 273, 319, 602, 614, 622, 639-40, 649, 675 Hetubinduprakaraṇa 706 Hetukhaṇḍana 11, 643 hetvābhāsa (a way of losing an argument) 274, 666, 676 hetvābhāsa, see fallacy of the hetu hetvantara (a way of losing an argument) 273, 681 Hicks, G. Dawes 691 Hinduism, Hindu 2, 6, 16, 18, 23-7 Hoju 695 holism 46 Hsuan-tsang or Hsuan-chang 274, 695 Hume, David 7, 65, 202 hypothesis, see pratijñā

v2.c17.12.1

ice 299, 524 idea 81, 281, 287, 398 distinct (see also vivid) 335 idealism (in epistemology and metaphysics) 1-2, 19, 121, 138, 166, 189, 194, 335-6, 345, 499, 706 identity or nondifference (tādātmya, abheda) 51, 54, 120-1, 124-5, 133, 166, 201-2, 271, 290, 303, 359, 361-2, 375, 388, 398, 415, 453, 458, 463, 483, 509, 519-20, 532, 536, 549, 597, 600, 608, 610, 624, 634, 663, 666, 671, 683 of indiscernibles 120 inference by, see inference ignorance, see avidyā illusion, see error imagination (ūha) 237, 243, 400, 442, 600, 605 immorality 36, 243 impact 216, 598 imperceptible or unseen objects 176-7, 214, 227, 236, 251, 253 impetus—see vega imposed property, see upādhi impulsion (nodana) 216, 276, 280, 301 inaction, (see also nivṛtti) 25-6, 243, 268-70 independence (svātantrya) 311, 337, 558 Indian Thought 304 individual, see vyakti individuator (viśeṣa, antyaviśeṣa) 49, 51, 72, 133-4, 140, 142-3, 212, 214, 277-280, 284, 294-5 301-2, 327, 445, 504-5 508, 523-5, 541, 590 626-8, 637, 645, 666, 693, viśeṣa as individuating property 297, 448, —ness 136 indriya, see sense-organ induction 54, 183 inertia—see vega inexpressibility (see also anirvacanīya) 537 inference (anumāna) 5, 66, 102, 154, 163, 174, 179-208, 222, 226, 252, 294-6, 307, 631, 633, 665, 687, 695 compared with Aristotelian syllosim 183 causal factors of 279, 619, 669 essential cause of, see parāmarśa compared with Mill's canons 183 and comparison, see comparison from contradiction 182, 219, 687 depends on perception 183-4, 223, 242, 310, 398, 417, 461 dṛṣṭa|adṛṣṭa|sāmānyatoḍṛṣṭa 184, 275-6, 295-6, 402, 610 by elimination 470, 693 error in, see error function of in satkāryavāda 333-4 grasps past, future objects 242, 363-4 mahāvidyā—s.v.

v2.c17.12.2

members of, see members of an inference of two kinds, by identity and causal 182, 219, 255, 362, 463-4, 509-10, 561-2, 600, 610, 634 for oneself/for others, see parārthānumāna only-positive (kevalānvayin)—s.v. only-negative (kevalavyatirekin)—s.v. positive-negative (anvayavyatirekin)—s.v. pūrvavat|śeṣavat sāmānyatoḍṛṣṭa 184, 223, 242, 275, 295, 310, 362-3, 475 role of memory in, see memory terms in, see pakṣa, hetu, sādhya, example validity of (see also validity) 158, 160, 183, 295, 361-3, 402, 416-7, 456, 463, 545, 607, 644 and verbal testimony 176-7, 219, 227, 253, 296, 323, 365, 407-8, 444, 456, 465-6, 475-6, 510, 577-8, 600-1, 622-3, 636, 702-3 vīta|avīta, see hetu (h) infinite regress (anavasthā) 51, 53, 136, 143, 207, 226, 228, 237, 249, 267, 311, 349, 367, 371, 414, 416, 432, 435, 440, 455-6, 460, 473, 487, 511, 534, 537, 540, 544-5, 576, 580, 590, 593, 604, 607, 637-8, 641, 663, 670, 691 infinity 625 Ingalls, Daniel H.H. 19, 21, 34, 135, 186, 239, 687-92, 694, 699, 705 inherence (samavāya) 46, 49-52, 70, 72, 75, 77, 162, 212-3, 266, 280, 283, 302, 326, 340, 381, 431-2, 459-60, 523-5, 626-8 —cause, see samavāyikāraṇa how known?

v2.c17.12.3

51-2, 76, 294-5, 340, 351, 401, 444, 453, 460, 609, 627 how related to its relata 51, 53, 136, 303, 410, 489 in what is conjoined (samyuktasamavāya) 162, 307 in what inheres in what is conjoined (samyuktasamavetasamavāya) 162, 307-8, 459 in what inheres in the sense-organ (samavetasamavāya) 162, 308 in the same object (ekārthasamavāya) 142, 200 its properties 50-1, 139, 213, 280, 284, 302-3, 311, 489 —ness 51, 136, 541, 590-1 relating eternal substances, see eternal entity injunction (vidhi, codanā) 138, 253, 371, 382, 388, 486, 684 (see also act) negative (niṣedha) 383 of God 34, 108, 283, 585-6 Vedic 31, 33-4, 107, 217, 227, 298, 429, 585-6, 588 insects 35, 88, 285 insight (prajñā) 168 intensionality 44-5, 79, 135, 137 intensity of sound 571-2 intertionality 79, 356, 510 interdependence 305 intermediateness 123 internal organ (manas) 45, 73, 93-5, 213, 214, 497, 616, 666, 700 absence of contact with sense organs is yoga 32, 94, 216-7 contact with self as condition for perception 161-2, 219, 226, 241, 249-50, 279, 294, 301, 441, 504 life 261, 330 inference 276, 279 error 293 disjunction from self leads to liberation 28, 32, 217 functions to control attention 93-4, 223, 231, 250 not the self 229, 232, 266, 553 as organ of knowledge 89, 93, 96, 126, 128, 137, 168-9, 202, 204, 206, 242-3, 294-5, 355, 357, 360, 363, 387, 398, 411, 434, 616 —perception, see mānasapratyakṣa properties, other functions of 94-5, 98-9, 136, 142, 216, 219, 232-3, 243, 250, 275-7, 287, 293, 297, 300, 302, 309, 329-30, 358, 386, 443, 518, 524, 575, 616-7, 645, 695 qualities of 94-5, 98, 123-4, 218, 232-3, 260, 278-9, 379, 488, 524-5, 553, 616, 683 role in memory, see memory transmigration of 94, 301 yogic powers over 35, 94, 96, 98, 130, 168, 260, 294-5, 301, 444-5, 507 intoxication 129, 299 intuition (pratibhā) 3, 35, 94, 168, 243, 261, 298, 384, 452 yogic 130 invariable concomitance see pervasion invocation, see maṅgala irrelevant antecedent, see ananyathāsiddha Islam 24 īśvara see God Īśvarakṛṣṇa 23, 58, 361, 501, 611, 702 Īśvarasādhanadūṣaṇa 484, 706 Īśvarasiddhi 613 Īśvaravāda 698-9

v2.c17.13

Iyengar, H.R. Rangasvami 696

v2.c17.14

Jacobi, Hermann 21, 688, 694 Jagadguru 12, 684-5 Jagadisa 700 Jagannātha 522 Jaimini 310, 360, 463, 554 Jain, Mahendra Kumar 697 Jaina, Jain 13, 16, 23-4, 125, 180, 203, 337, 339-40, 344, 374, 396, 423, 428, 441-2, 611, 636, 668, 675 —Bhandar 410, 659 Digambara 558 Jaisalmer 521, 612, 668 jalpa, see sophistry Jambuvijaya Muni 212, 693 Jamuna river 303 Japan, Japanese 23 jāti see universal property; futile rejoinder as caste or class 299, 572-3 jātibādhaka (impediment to universalhood), see universal jātisamkara (crossconnection) 65, 136, 300, 590-2, 704, 744, 700 jaundice, illusion produced by 165, 547-8 Jayanta Bhaṭṭa 6, 9, 13, 31, 35, 51, 57, 61, 63-4, 87, 92, 96, 103-7, 138, 146, 150, 152, 159-60, 163-4, 168-9, 172-3, 175, 177, 185, 191, 195, 198, 202, 281, 338, 340-97, 445, 454, 521, 679, 681, 697-8, 707 Jayarāma Bhaṭṭācārya 714 Jayasimha (of Kashmir) 603 jealousy 298, 331 Jetly, J.S. 10-1, 521, 612, 668, 706, 709-10, 712

v2.c17.15

Jha, Durgadhara 282 Jha, Ganganatha 154, 222, 239-40, 283, 303-4, 394, 521, 588, 663, 688, 690, 692, 694, 696, 698-9, 704, 706, 711 Jhalakikar, Bhimacarya 693 Jinendrabuddhi 338 jīva 389, 661 in Jainism 423 jīvanmukti, see liberation jñāna (judgment, consciousness, awareness, "knowledge") 112, 147-8, 213, 389, 441, 542-3, 618, 641, 644, 700 cannot be simultaneous in one locus 261, 290 cessation of required for liberation 305 composite (samūha) 174, 290 discursive 30 evaluative 355 false see error, avidyā formless see nirākāra God's 101, 117, 125, 263, 641 how known 126, 287, 294, 497-8, 544-5. See also anuvyavasāya, svaprakāśa, jñātatā how produced 219-20, 279, 283, 288, 290, 294 imperfect see avidyā located in self 95, 99, 117, 125, 147, 223, 229, 232-3, 243, 260-2, 278, 286-7, 330, 409-10, 436, 441, 467, 595, 616, 661 locus-pervading? 114, 117, 126-7, 288 a motion? 346 negative see absence, anupalabdhi not an act 96, 580 as a path 27, 33 perfect see vidyā properties of 125-6, 148, 223, 231-3, 240, 259-61, 279, 288-91, 329, 439, 452, 467, 497, 527, 538, 542, 551, 616, 666 propositional/nonpropositional see nirvikalpaka relation with its content (see also object (viṣaya)) 441, 450 self-knowledge s.v. a specific quality 113, 287 supernormal 94 structure of 148-9 śābdabodha s.v. tattvajñāna s.v. and traces 173, 289-90, 299, 441, 450 theory of see epistemology true or valid see truth; validity; vidyā varieties of (see also perception, memory, pramā, doubt, etc.) 153-4, 276, 293, 618, 641, 666 vivid or distinct 129, 533, 553 yogic, see yogin jñānakāṇḍa of the Veda 388 jñānakarmasamuccaya 33-4, 388, 518, 589, 683 jñānalakṣaṇapratyakṣa 168-9 jñānaśrīmitra 4, 396, 523, 698-9, 706-9 jñātatā (knownness) 346, 498, 580, 613-4, 628-9, 632-3, 665 jñeyatva, see knowability

v2.c17.16

Kachu Kando Shoshujikkugiron 695 Kādambarī 429 kaivalya 30 Kajiyama, Yuichi 203, 692 kālāṭīta ("mistimed") (a hetvābhāsa) 196-8, 225, 247, 403, 405, 445, 451, 471-2, 496, 508, 639-40, 665 Kālidāsa 376 Kālipada Tarkācārya 696 kāma, see desire Kamalaśīla 4-5, 339, 696, 698, 706-7 Kāmasūtra 24 Kaṇabhuj, see Kaṇāda Kaṇāda 3-4, 9, 22, 28, 32-3, 35, 50-1, 54-5, 60, 79, 82, 87-9, 92, 94-5, 97, 99-100, 110-2, 119, 121, 123-5, 130-2, 134, 137, 140-3, 145-6, 153, 168, 170, 176, 180, 182, 184, 196-8, 211-20, 238, 274, 276, 282-3, 295, 303, 337, 362, 376, 425-30, 433-4, 442, 445, 447-8, 608, 625, 633, 694, 700, 702-3 Kaṇādasūtranibandha 11, 658 Kane, P.V. 342, 698, 709 Kaniṣka 211 Kannada language 613 Kant, Immanuel 7, 65-6, 165, 202 Kapila 554, 574 kāraka (case-relation) 249 karaṇa (causal condition par excellence) 310, 345, 413, 664 kāraṇatva see causation, causality karman (motion) see motion *karman* (action, as source of bondage) 2, 18-9, 25-6, 28-9, 32, 127, 307, 371, 373, 549-50 as *adṛṣṭa*, see *adṛṣṭa* as cause of judgment 410 concentration caused by good 237 controlled by God, see God God's, see God knowledge of workings of on the part of *siddhas* 298 —*mārga* (*karman* as path) (see also *jñānakarmasamuccaya*) 27, 33, 388, 427 operative in creation of world 333 at *pralaya* 573 productive of body see body properties of 259, 312 rendered ineffective by knowledge 31 and traces 60 transfer of 97, 232, 235, 265, 287, 566 *karmakāṇḍa* (of Veda) 388 Karṇagomin 339, 705 Karṇaṭa (country) 9, 396, 613 *kārya*, see effect *kāryasambandhitā* (effective connection) 459 Kashmir 5-6, 9-11, 341, 399, 426, 484-5, 603, 629, 702 Kāśyapa, see Kaṇāda Kaṭaṇḍi, see Vaiśeṣikasūtrakaṭaṇḍi Kathiawar 9, 221 Kauṇḍinya 154 Kauṭilya 20, 24 Kavirāja, Gaṅgādhara Kaviratna, see Gaṅgādhara Kaviratna Kavirāja Kaviraj, Gopinath 9-10, 18-9, 22, 168, 394-5, 424, 485, 629, 652, 659, 682, 688, 692, 698-9, 709-12, 715 Kedareśvara 22 Kedarnath 702 Keith, A.B. 696 Keśava Miśra 8, 11, 67, 142, 663-7, 711 *kevalānvayin* (only-positive) inference 8, 184-5, 199, 310, 393, 402-3, 408, 420, 509, 634, 648-51, 665, 672, 674-5, 681 *kevalavyatirekin* (only-negative) inference 184-5, 199, 310, 393, 402-3, 408, 420, 432, 591, 623, 634, 644, 665, 675 *Khaṇḍanakhaṇḍakhādya* 15-6, 523, 612, 659, 663, 669, 712 *khyātivāda*, see error killing 217, 257, 328, 634 kinaesthetic sensations 89, 93 (see also perception, kinaesthetic) *Kiraṇāvali* 7, 10, 101, 105, 135-6, 338, 425, 454, 589-603, 608, 619, 629, 652, 660, 682, 684, 701-4, 713 *Kiraṇāvalidarpaṇa* 11 *Kiraṇāvalivilāsa* 660 *kleśa* 33, 235-6, 409, 611 knowability (*jñeyatva*) 48, 141-2, 150, 185, 199, 281, 283, 424, 628-9, 648-51, 661 knower see self; *pramātṛ* knowledge, see *jñāna*; *pramā*; *vidyā* knownness, see *jñātatā* Koktasu 695 judgment, see *jñāna*

v2.c17.17

Konkan 10, 603 *krama* (sequence) 562 Krishnamacharya, V. 669 Kṛṣṇa 14, 117 Krishna Rao 696 *kriyā*, see motion *Kṣaṇabhaṅgādhyāya* 698, 706-7 Kṣatriya 299 K'uei-chi 695 Kulārka (Paṇḍita) 646-7, 652 Kumārila 14, 157, 282, 346, 360, 363, 373, 375-6, 379, 389, 414, 426, 450, 515-7, 520, 637, 683, 698, 702 Kunjunni Raja, K. 151-2, 691-2 Kuppuswami Sastri, S. 238, 289, 338, 694, 696-7 *kurvadrūpa* 62-3, 528-9, 550

v2.c17.18

*lāghava* see economy *lakṣaṇa* see definition *lakṣaṇā* (secondary meaning) 602 *Lakṣaṇamālā* (of Śivāditya) 11, 426, 525, 643 *Lakṣaṇamālā* (of Udayana) 7, 10, 525-6, 701, 712 *Lakṣaṇāvali* 7, 10, 113, 523-5, 701 *Lakṣmitilaka*gaṇi 668 Lakulīśa 21-2 language 102, 148, 500 argument for God's existence from 107-8 ordinary 39, 42, 48, 61, 114-5, 121, 174-5, 177, 248 philosophy of 2 laziness (*ālasya*) 625 liberation (*mokṣa, mukti*) 24-30, 38, 94, 117, 125, 217-8, 223-4, 233, 235-6, 243, 304-7, 388, 427-8, 455, 485-6, 556-7, 589, 624, 644, 660, 666, 683 arguments for 2, 30-1, 44, 128, 235, 486 blissful? 28-30, 125, 243-4, 314, 388, 409-10, 424, 428, 455, 485-6, 518, 687-8, 701 caused by merit 299-300, 486 degree of commitment to 18-20, 23-4, 574 ease of gaining used as argument against opponents 314, 328-9 for all (*sarvamukti*) 30, 50, 99, 589, 624 God's role in causing see God higher/lower 307 impossibility of, used as philosophical argument 97, 126, 245, 262-3, 265, 312, 314, 331-2, 371, 387-8, 423, 486, 518, 553-4, 566-7 is God liberated? 101 path to (see also *karman* as path; *jñāna* as path; *jñānakarmasamuccaya*; yoga; devotion) 18-9, 23, 26-7, 29, 31-4, 38 philosophy as preparation for 43, 47, 54, 265, 306-7, 427, 485, 526, 556, 629, 636, 694 possibility of backsliding from 237, 262-3, 410 while living (*jīvanmukti*) 26, 29-30, 307, 518 whose? or of what? 98, 262, 314 living things 240, 260-1 light see fire līlā 371 Līlāvatī (of Śrīvatsa) 427, 700 limit see avadhi limitor see avacchedaka lin (precative suffix) 585-7 liṅga see hetu (h) —parāmarśa, see parāmarśa linguistics see grammar linguistic mistake 531 Lion definition 682 locus (āśraya, adhikaraṇa) 49-51, 61, 69, 139, 144, 190, 197, 223, 229, 232, 235-7, 243, 251, 255, 284, 301-2, 305, 310-1, 524, 645, 661 of absence 351-2, 460, 623 common locusness (sāmānādhikaraṇya) 200, 312 —pervading 78, 81, 114-8, 126-9, 288, 291, 324, 326, 334-5, 402, 530, 541-2, 596-7, 654 logic (see also inference) 1-2, 8, 14-6, 18-21, 41, 43-4, 102, 179-208, 224, 237, 343, 708 formal 182-3 form of 185-6 logical connective 44 Lokāyata, see materialist love 331, 701 of mankind 299 lying 500

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