The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c11.45

c11.45

In § 168 we briefly dealt with the avirai, i.e. the contempt for the commandments, and it is this offence that causes the souls to suffer and to act (ahigaraṇī and ahigaraṇa, Viy. 698a). In it the poor and the rich, the largest animal as well as the smallest (hatthi and kunthu) are equal (Viy. 101a; 314b). But it rests on the apaccakkhāṇa. It is not virai and avirai, but paccakkhāṇa “renunciation” (Ṭhāṇ. 44a, 112b) and apaccakkhāṇa, and acc. to Viy. 266b even the mixture of either, that was given a systematical description. So far as the pacc. is represented by the monastic vows and by the aṇu-vvaya it is called mūlaguṇa-pacc. (Viy. 295b) and uttaraguṇa-pacc. when represented by the guṇa- and sikkhā-vaya. Here, however, not indicating the content but the mode of performance, there follows a sequence of 10 forms (also Ṭhāṇ. 498a) showing the pacc. to happen on account of something in the future or either in the past, to be enforced despite indisposition, etc. Its purity, acc. to Thāṇ. 349a, demonstrates itself by faith, discipline, learning, conserving, and a harmonious character. In this connexion we may refer to the failure of a monk described by Thāṇ. 246 a as the four duha-sejjā concerning heresy, insatiability, dissipation, and fastidiousness. Their opposites are the so-called suha-sejjā.