Minerals and Metals in Ancient India v2.c51.59

v2.c51.59

*Nāga* : lead *Nikaṣya* : streak-plate *Nirvāpa* : quenching *Nīla / Nīlakānta* : sapphire *Nīlagandhi* : red ruby with a blue tint *Nīlāñjana* : stibnite or carrollite *Padmarāga* : ruby *Pānnā* : emerald *Pārada* : mercury *Pāribhadra* : aquamarine *Pālaṅka* : onyx *Pitala / Pitatāla* : brass *Pilu\** : jade *Puttika* : olivine, peridot *Pulaka* : garnet? *Puṣparāga* : topaz *Puṣyarāga* : topaz *Pūtiloha* : low m.p. metals *Peroja\*/Piroja\** : turquoise *Pokhrāj\** : topaz *Pogara* : cementite streaks in carburised iron *Pravāla* : coral *Phatki\*/Phullikā* : alum *Bālasūryaka* : spinel balas-ruby *Billaur\** : quartz (or velur/beryl?) *Bīja* : alloying element to harden *Bhastrā* : bellow *Bhidura* : diamond *Bhiṣma* : quartz or chalcedony ? *Makaradhvaja* : mercuric sulphide