Minerals and Metals in Ancient India v2.c51.60

v2.c51.60

*Maṇi* : gem *Maṇirāga* : imparting colour to gem *Maṇḍūra* : rust of iron *Manaḥśilā* : realgar *Marakata* : emerald *Marmara* : marble *Masāra* : emerald (from Misar / Egypt?) *Mākṣika* : pyrite *Mākṣika Kaṃsa* : arsenopyrite *Mākṣika Tāra* : pyrite *Mākṣika Svarṇa* : chalcopyrite *Mākṣika Hema* : chalcopyrite *Māṇikya* : gem, ruby *Māraṇa* : incineration, oxidation of metal *Mārjārākṣa* : cat’s eye, chrysoberyl *Miśraloha* : alloy *Muktā* : pearl *Muṇḍaloha* : wrought iron *Mūṣā* : crucible *Mṛddārāśṛṅga* : anglesite or litharge, yellow PbO *Yaśada* : zinc *Yaśadāyaka* : zinc *Yaśam* : jade *Yukta* : alloy *Rajata* : silver *Ranga, Rung* : tin *Rasa* : mercury, liquid or melt *Rasaka* : zinc metal or ore, calamine *Rasakarpūra* : mercuric chloride *Rasapāka* : smelting of ores to liquid state *Rasasindūra* : mercuric sulphide *Rasāñjana* : stibnite or mercuric sulphide *Rājāvarta, Lajward\** : lapis lazuli *Rāng\** : tin *Ritikā* : malleable alpha-brass *Rīti* : brass, calx of brass *Rukham\** : alabaster *Rudhirākṣa* : carnelian *Reh\** : soil containing sodium sulphate and bicarbonate *Raupya* : silver *Raupyamal* : calx of silver *Lavaṇa* : salt *Lasuniyā\** : garlic-like chrysoberyl, cat’s eye *Loha* : metal ‘which is extracted’ *Lohavedha* : metallic transformation *Lohitākṣa* : carnelian *Lauha* : iron *Lauha Kānta* : magnetic iron *Lauha Tikṣṇa* : carburised iron, steel *Lauha Muṇḍa* : wrought iron *Vajra* : diamond *Vaṅga* : tin *Vaṃśamuktā* also *Vaṃśa-Locana, Tvakṣāra* : bamboo-pearl *Varanāga* : ‘lead-like antimony’, alloy of Sb/Fe *Varaloha* : Cu/Fe alloy *Varātikā* : marine nodule *Vartaloha* : alloy of five metals : Cu/Fe/Pb/brass and bell-metal. Also known as *Pañcaloha* *Vahṇimṛttikā* : fire-clay