A Concise History of Science in India c15.7

c15.7

| Date | Scientific and Technological Developments | Remarks |
| | *Nyāya-vārtika* of Udyotakara; further elucidation of atomic views. | |
| | *Rugviniścaya* of Mādhava; emphasis on diagnostic methods. | Also called *Mādhava-nidāna*; translated into Arabic under the title *Badon* |
| | Use of the Persian water-wheel (*araghaṭṭa*) | |
| | *Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya* of Vāgbhaṭa; an authoritative compilation of the Āyurvedic knowledge based on the earlier works. | Rendered into Arabic under the title *Astan-kar* |
| Ninth–tenth cent. A.D. | *Gaṇitasārasaṃgraha* of Mahāvīra—operations involving zero and summation of *n* terms of Geometrical Progression. | Flourished in Mysore |
| | *Kṛṣi-Parāśara* and *Vṛkṣāyurveda*. | Manuals on agriculture and botany |
| | Alchemical practices; *Rasahṛdaya* of Govinda Bhagavat. | As part of tantrik practice |
| | *Siddha* system of medicine. | Mostly followed in Tamilnadu; use of mainly mineral medicines |
| | Muñjāla’s elucidation of the precession of equinoxes. | As against the earlier libration concept |
| Eleventh–twelfth cent. A.D. | Śrīdhara’s method of solving quadratic equations. | |
| | *Siddhāntaśiromaṇi* of Bhāskara II: astronomical and mathematical work in four parts; *cakravāla* method for rational integral solutions of the indeterminate equation of the second order; geometric proof of the Pythagorean theorem; root idea of differential calculus; further elaboration of epicyclic-eccentric theories for planetary motions; analysis of the motion of the sun by considering longitudinal changes. | Influenced later astronomers and mathematicians; a number of commentaries followed; represents the height of Indian astronomy and mathematics |
| | *Mānasollāsa* of Somadeva; alchemical ideas; iron-casting; perfumery. | Encyclopaedic work |
| | Knowledge of paper-making. | Derived possibly from Nepal and Arabia |