A History of Indian Medical Literature v2.c30.151

v2.c30.151

of the tongue (R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash). Compare śleṣmabhū. Absent from the Bhelasamhitā and Suśrutasamhitā. Upajihvikā is also the name of a disease (Ca.Sū.18.19; Ci.12.77). 214 See Cakra’s explanation. Absent from the Bhela- and Suśrutasamhitā. 215 Mentioned in all the lists (restored in the list of the Kāśyapasamhitā by the editor). 216 The pinnae according to the Gulabkunverba translation, Hemarājaśarman, and P.V. Sharma; the earholes according to R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash; the auditory passages (M. Mayrhofer, 1976; MW); the external ears (PW). Cakra says that the āvartakas of the ears are meant, which may point to the auditory passages (āvartaka = depression) or to the conchae and their convolutions (āvartaka). Absent from the Suśrutasamhitā. Compare karṇaputraka. 217 The conchae, i.e., the external portions of the ears (Cakra; Gulabkunverba; R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash; the lower parts of the pinnae (P.V. Sharma); the tragus (Hemarājaśarman). Also mentioned at Ca.Śā.8.51 (tragus according to P.V. Sharma, and R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash). Absent from Bhela- and Suśrutasamhitā, which mention the ears (karṇa); the Kāśyapasamhitā adds the two ears to the karṇasakulīs and -putras. 218 The eye sockets (Gulabkunverba; R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash; P.V. Sharma); the eyeballs (Cakra: akṣigolaka; Hemarājaśarman; PW); the superciliary ridges (MW). Absent from the Suśrutasamhitā. 219 Absent from Kāśyapa- and Suśrutasamhitā. 220 The inner corners of the eyes (see Cakra; Dalhaṇa ad Su.U.1.16; R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash; MW; PW); the pupils (Gulabkunverba; P.V. Sharma; MW; PW). Bhela- and Suśrutasamhitā mention the eyes; the Kāśyapasamhitā lists both the eyes and the pupils (akṣitāraka). 221 Absent from the Bhelasamhitā. 222 Nape (Gulabkunverba); thyroid (R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash; P.V. Sharma). Cakra gives ghaṭā as a synonym. See on avaṭu as the nape of the neck: Dalhaṇa ad Su.Sū.35.12 and U.6.27; it is the same as the marman called kṛkāṭikā. Not mentioned in the other lists. 223 Also mentioned in the list of the Kāśyapasamhitā. 224 Cf. Su.Śā.5.4. 225 Caraka omits the extra orifices in females. Cf. Su.Śā.5.10. Later treatises add the brahmarandhra in the crown of the head (e.g., Bṛhadyogatarangiṇī 1.134ab–137). 226 The same number is mentioned in the Suśrutasamhitā (Śā.5.29), Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasamhitā (Śā.3.17), Aṣṭāṅgasaṃgraha (Śā.5.49), and Kāśyapasamhitā (p.66; they are said to originate from the mastuluṅga, i.e. the brain tissue, which may mean that nerves are meant). Non-medical texts, for example the Viśuddhimagga, also acknowledge a number of nine hundred; see: J.R. Haldar (1977): 39–40 and Jyotir Mitra (1985): 75–77. The same number is found in the Saṃgitaratnākara (1.2.95ab). The Bhelasamhitā employs the term snāyu, but does not specify their number in its Śārīrasthāna. The number of snāyus in elephants is 5,000 in the Hastyāyurveda (III.6). Snāyu is a term covering various anatomical structures (ligaments, tendons, nerves); see C. Chakraberty (1923): 29–34; Saṃjñāpañcakavimarśa 12–18. See also: Su.Śā.5.30–36; Dalhaṇa ad Su.Sū.25.21 and U.51.52; A.s.Śā.5.49–53. Snāyus are mentioned as a major constituent of the body, derived from the father, in the Mahābhārata (Śāntiparvan 5 and 24; ed. Poona). 227 A sirā, if distinguished from a dhamanī, is usually a vein.