Pramāṇa · Search · About · API

A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c43.s30: The Triśatī by Śārṅgadhara

A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c43.s30

Language
English

Contents

The Triśatī by Śārṅgadhara

v3.c43.s30.1

The Triśatī 1196 or Jvaratriśatī, 1197 sometimes called Vaidyavallabha, 1198 is a monograph on fevers by Śārṅgadhara. 1199

v3.c43.s30.2

Contents The work consists of 330 1200 skillful verses in various metres and has some resemblance to a kāvya. 1201

v3.c43.s30.3

It begins with a benedictory verse devoted to the sun god, followed by stanzas in praise of Dhanvantari, the Aśvins, and the author’s guru, the ascetic (yatipati) Vaikuṇṭhāśrama (1–5). The subject of the treatise is introductory by some verses on the myth-

v3.c43.s30.4

ical origin of fever (6–9) and its names when occurring in various living beings and even inanimate substances (10–12). The pathogenesis and prodromes of fever are described (13–17), followed by the symptoms and treatment of fevers by one (18–37) and two (38–54) doṣas. A large part of the work is devoted to saṃnipāta fevers. After enumerating the symptoms of saṃnipāta fever in general, and the varieties called abhinyāsa, hataujas and saṃnyāsaka in particular, the therapy of this fever is dealt with (55–68). Two series of thirteen distinct saṃnipāta types follow (70–171 and 172–188). The names and symptoms of the first series, consisting of saṃdhiga, antaka, rugdāha, cittabhrama, karṇaka, kaṇṭhakubja, śītāṅga, tandrika, pralāpaka, raktaṣṭhīvin, bhugnadṛś, abhinyāsa, and jihvaka, are also found in the Bhāvaprakāśa (cikitsā 1.493–505) and Yogaratnākara (160–162), but in a changed order and differently worded; the treatment of each type is separately described after the enumeration of its signs; these verses were incorporated unchanged in the Bhāvaprakāśa. The names and symptoms of the second series, consisting of antadāha, daṇḍapāta, antaka, 1202 kumbhīpāka, proruṇava, pralāpin, eṇīdāha, bhūtahāṣa, ajaghoṣa, hāridra, saṃśoṣin, saṃnyāsa, and yantrāpīḍa, were also included in the Bhāvaprakāśa (cikitsā 1.510–522), though in a changed order. 1203 As the fevers of this second series, called upasaṃnipātas by the commentator, are incurable, the patient is advised to regard Nārāyaṇa and the water of the Ganges as his only refuge (188). 1204

v3.c43.s30.5

The remaining part of the work is concerned with the characteristics of incurable fevers (189–192), the eight ways (prakāra) in which fever presents itself, namely prākṛta, vaikṛta, saumya, tīkṣṇa, sāma, nirāmaka, antarvega, and bahirvega (193–197), doṣapāka and dhātupāka (198–199), 1205 the irregular fevers (viṣamajvara; 200–216), pralepaka fever (217), the symptoms of fevers which have reached the seven tissues (dhātu) of the body (218–223), the therapy of the irregular fevers (224–269), the symptoms and treatment of fevers beginning with chills (śītapūrva) or sensations of warmth (dāhapūrva) (270–283), the religious therapy of fevers (284–297), the four types of exogenous (āgantu) fevers, namely those caused by abhighāta, abhiṣaṅga, abhīśāpa and abhicāra, together with their treatment (298–304), the complications (upadrava) of fever and their treatment (305–323), the synonyms of fever (324), the signs of release from fever (325–326), and what has to be avoided by a patient suffering from fever (327).

v3.c43.s30.6

The work ends with three verses containing information on the author.

v3.c43.s30.7

The Triśatī is quoted in the Amṛtasāgara (as the Triśatagrantha), Hariprapanna’s Rasayogasāgara, and Yādavajī Trikamajī Ācārya’s Siddhayogasaṃgraha.

v3.c43.s30.8

Special features Religious practices form a substantial part of therapy in the Triśatī. 1206 Some rasauṣadhas are also present. 1207

v3.c43.s30.9

Worthy of mention are the following names of medicinal plants: ākalakṛt (168), 1208 āsāluka (113), 1209 babbūla (157), hārahūrā (41; 86), 1210 jvālāmukhī (160), kāravikā (321), 1211 kuliñja (168), rājiphalā (105), 1212 ūtva (128, 153, 164), 1213 and vallavadāru (142). 1214 Opium is twice prescribed (161 and 164). 1215

v3.c43.s30.10

¹¹⁷⁹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.11

¹¹⁸⁰ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.12

¹¹⁸¹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.13

¹¹⁸² [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.14

¹¹⁸³ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.15

¹¹⁸⁴ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.16

¹¹⁸⁵ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.17

¹¹⁸⁶ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.18

¹¹⁸⁷ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.19

¹¹⁸⁸ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.20

¹¹⁸⁹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.21

¹¹⁹⁰ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.22

¹¹⁹¹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.23

¹¹⁹² [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.24

¹¹⁹³ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.25

¹¹⁹⁴ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.26

¹¹⁹⁵ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.27

¹¹⁹⁶ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.28

¹¹⁹⁷ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.29

¹¹⁹⁸ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.30

¹¹⁹⁹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.31

¹²⁰⁰ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.32

¹²⁰¹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.33

¹²⁰² [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.34

¹²⁰³ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.35

¹²⁰⁴ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.36

¹²⁰⁵ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.37

¹²⁰⁶ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.38

¹²⁰⁷ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.39

¹²⁰⁸ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.40

¹²⁰⁹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.41

¹²¹⁰ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.42

¹²¹¹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.43

¹²¹² [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.44

¹²¹³ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.45

¹²¹⁴ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.46

¹²¹⁵ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.47

Śārṅgadhara ¹²¹⁶ informs us that he is a son of Devarāja, who, of nāgaravaṃśa stock, was a learned poet, honoured by kings and scholars (328). The author was a pupil of Vaikuṇṭhāśrama (4). At the end of his work he praises Śiva and his consort (329). According to Indian scholars, Śārṅgadhara, being a brāhmaṇa of nāgaravaṃśa lineage, lived in Gujarāt. ¹²¹⁷

v3.c43.s30.48

Date The author of the Triśatī was dated to the thirteenth-fourteenth century by G. Hālār, ¹²¹⁸ whereas P.V. Sharma ¹²¹⁹ and Atrideva ¹²²⁰ assign him to the fifteenth century. The prescription of drugs like ākalakṛt, jvālāmukhī, and tīvra indicates that he is not earlier, but probably later, than the author of the Śārṅgadharasaṃhitā, while he is anterior to Bhāvamiśra who incorporated verses from the Triśatī in his Bhāvaprakāśa. Hence he may provisionally be placed in the early fifteenth century.

v3.c43.s30.49

Commentaries At least three commentaries were written on the Triśatī: (1) the Vaidyavallabha by Vallabhabhaṭṭa; ¹²²¹ (2) the Siddhāntasamcaya ¹²²² by Nārāyaṇa, ¹²²³ son of Kṛṣṇa, brother of Nāganātha and pupil of Nāgeśa; (3) a commentary by Dāsapaṇḍita. ¹²²⁴

v3.c43.s30.50

Authors and works quoted or referred to by Vallabhabhaṭṭa are: Abhidhāna (77), Amara (4, 6, 76, 154, 284), Bhāluki (325), Bhārata (7), Cakra (20), Caraka (20, 69, 224), Ḍallaṇa (20), Halāyudha (66, 76, 83), Hārīta (20), Karmavipāka (240, 242, 248, 251, 253, 286, 289), Madanavinoda (234), Madhukoṣakāra (69), navīnasuśrutamata (213), Nighaṇṭu (78), Saṃgraha (20, 69), Siṃhāvalokita (284), ¹²²⁵ Suśruta (many times), Vāgbhaṭa (many times), Viśva (4, 89), ¹²²⁶ Vṛddhasuśruta (172–173), Yādava (220), ¹²²⁷ and Yogamālā (238).

v3.c43.s30.51

This list of sources enables us to conclude only that Vallabhabhaṭṭa and the Triśatī are probably later than the Virasiṃhāvaloka, dating from 1383, which is in favour of placing the Triśatī in the fifteenth century.

v3.c43.s30.52

A ṭīkā on the Triśatī is quoted in Kṛṣṇadatta’s commentary on Trimalla’s Śataślokī. R.G. Harshe ¹²²⁸ has brought forward that the quotations from Madguruvallabhā and Vidvadvaidyavallabha in Śivadatta’s auto-commentary on the Śivakoṣa may be from Vaidyavallabha’s commentary on the Triśatī, which, if correct, would fix its terminus ante quem as 1677/78.

v3.c43.s30.53

Siddharṣi Siddharṣi was the author of the Siddhayogamālā, a short collection of prescriptions against various diseases. ¹²²⁹

v3.c43.s30.54

Siṃha Siṃha was the author of a Nibandha, completed in 1471/72. ¹²³⁰

v3.c43.s30.55

Soḍhala

v3.c43.s30.56

Soḍhala was the author of two important works, (1) the Soḍhalanighaṇṭu ¹²³¹ and (2) the Gadanigraha. ¹²³²

v3.c43.s30.57

(1) The Soḍhalanighaṇṭu The Soḍhalanighaṇṭu ¹²³³ consists of two parts, a section on synonyms and homonyms, the Nāmasaṃgraha, ¹²³⁴ and one on the properties and actions of drugs, the Guṇasaṃgraha. ¹²³⁵ This arrangement of the material constitutes an unprecedented innovation. The work is written in verse, mostly ślokas, with longer metres in the introductory and closing stanzas of both sections. The Nāmasaṃgraha contains about 790 and the Guṇasaṃgraha 1,260 verses.

v3.c43.s30.58

Contents The Nāmasaṃgraha opens with ninety-five verses, the eight of which are introductory, while the remaining eighty-seven are about the uses of the drugs belonging to the seven groups (varga) distinguished by Soḍhala. The names and synonyms of the drugs belonging to each of these seven vargas are enumerated in seven chapters: (1) guḍūcyādi, (2) śatapuṣpādi, (3) candanādi, (4) karavīrādi, (5) āmrādi, (6) suvarṇādi, (7) lakṣmaṇādi. The homonymic part of the nighaṇṭu, the anekārthavarga, dealing with words designating medicinal substances, is subdivided into four adhikāras, which contain words having respectively two, three, four and five meanings (dvyarthauṣadha, etc). The Nāmasaṃgraha ends with a miśrakavarga, chiefly on groups of substances, and four closing lines. A short pariśiṣṭa section is concerned with synonyms designating water, milk, butter, etc.

v3.c43.s30.59

The Guṇasaṃgraha begins with eleven introductory verses, followed by a dravyāvalī, in which the names of all the drugs of the seven vargas are enumerated in their due order. The next part is on dravya, rasa, vīrya, vipāka, and prabhāva. The main portion consists of a description of the qualities and actions of the drugs, classified according to the seven vargas. Eighteen subsequent vargas treat of the qualities and actions of dietetic articles: pānīya-, kṣīra-, dadhi-, takra-, navanīta-, ghṛta-, taila-, madhu-, ikṣu-, madya-, mūtra-, śūka-, dhānya-, jūrṇa-, tṛṇadhānya-, śimbidhānya-, anupāna-, and māṃsavarga. The last chapter, miśrakādhyāya, deals with miscellaneous subjects. The treatise ends with about eight concluding lines.

v3.c43.s30.60

Soḍhala states ¹²³⁶ that he composed his Nāmasaṃgraha in agreement with the names mentioned by Dhanvantari. This raises the question of Soḍhala’s sources. In P.V. Sharma’s opinion, he was acquainted with the Dravyāvalī, and early version of the Dhanvantarīyanighaṇṭu, because of this reference to Dhanvantari, the presence of a somewhat similar dravyāvalī in both Soḍhala- and Dhanvantarīyanighaṇṭu, and the close resemblance, as to names and composition, of the vargas in both texts. ¹²³⁷

v3.c43.s30.61

Regarding the last point, the first six vargas bear identical names, but the last one, called lakṣmaṇādi in the Soḍhala- and miśraka in the Dhanvantarīyanighaṇṭu, is an exception. The composition of the first six vargas, which is indeed remarkably similar, shows that the Dhanvantarīyanighaṇṭu contains a more expanded version of the same matter when compared with the *Sodhalanighantu*, ¹²³⁸ though, on the other hand, a number of medicinal plants described by Sodhala are absent from the *Dhanvantariyanighantu*.¹²³⁹ The relationship between both works deserves special study.¹²⁴⁰

v3.c43.s30.62

¹²³⁸ ...

v3.c43.s30.63

¹²³⁹ ...

v3.c43.s30.64

¹²⁴⁰ ...

v3.c43.s30.65

It is too early, in my view, to agree with P.V. Sharma in claiming that the *Sodhalanighantu* has a tenth-century version of the *Dhanvantarinighantu* as one of its main sources.¹²⁴¹

v3.c43.s30.66

¹²⁴¹ ...

v3.c43.s30.67

Sodhala mentions Vagbhata with reverence ¹²⁴² and indicates himself some of his sources: Agnivesa, Karala, *Astangasamgraha* and *Astangahrdaya*.¹²⁴³ In P.V. Sharma's view, he also borrowed from Dalhana, but the resemblances are rather superficial.¹²⁴⁴

v3.c43.s30.68

¹²⁴² ...

v3.c43.s30.69

¹²⁴³ ...

v3.c43.s30.70

¹²⁴⁴ ...

v3.c43.s30.71

Sodhala is referred to as a source in Jayaratna's *Jvaraparajaya*.¹²⁴⁵ The *Sodhalanighantu* was one of the sources of Raghunathaji's *Nighantusamgraha*; it is quoted in the *Saligramanighantubhusana* and Sivadavasena's commentary on the *Cakradatta*.¹²⁴⁶ Niscala's *Ratnaprabha* contains an anonymous quotation that is found in the *Gunasamgraha*.¹²⁴⁷

v3.c43.s30.72

¹²⁴⁵ ...

v3.c43.s30.73

¹²⁴⁶ ...

v3.c43.s30.74

¹²⁴⁷ ...

Special features

v3.c43.s30.t1.1

The presence of a special chapter on jurna (*Gunasamgraha* 916–919) is quite a novel feature in a nighantu.

v3.c43.s30.t1.2

The list of remarkable names of plants found in Sodhala's work is very long. Though unusual names occur in all parts of the work, a majority form part of the laksmanadivarga:¹²⁴⁸ abhilata (629–630), ¹²⁴⁹ andhaka (667), ¹²⁵⁰ angaraketu (693–694), asalima (691), ¹²⁵¹ asmavalka (665), ¹²⁵² avanti (670–672), ¹²⁵³ bhrngi (663), ¹²⁵⁴ dudumbhati (658), dilla (651), ¹²⁵⁵ devagandharika (675), dulupuspa (668), ¹²⁵⁶ durmila (651), gangati (683), ¹²⁵⁷ ghantavali (664), ¹²⁵⁸ ghotaka (652), ¹²⁵⁹ gudadilla (654), jalajambu (694–695), ¹²⁶⁰ jayanti (670–672), ¹²⁶¹ jayavati (671–672), ¹²⁶² jiravali (687), ¹²⁶³ kancaka (656), karabha (688), ¹²⁶⁴ kekidanda (651), ¹²⁶⁵ kitagandha (598), ¹²⁶⁶ ksutkari (681–682), ¹²⁶⁷ laghukacchu (648), ¹²⁶⁸ madhyahnika (689), ¹²⁶⁹ maharastri (696), ¹²⁷⁰ maitri (657), ¹²⁷¹ maksika (695), malaphala ((676), ¹²⁷² mandhidhi (661), markosa (674), masali (693), mayuka (660), ¹²⁷³ nagarjuni (673), ¹²⁷⁴ nakanari (649), naraci (665), narapusa ((690), ¹²⁷⁵ nimbi (657), ¹²⁷⁶ palasini (678), ¹²⁷⁷ panasi (682), parpoti (664), ¹²⁷⁸ pasani (685), phuti (647), siddhesvara (677), ¹²⁷⁹ sphurdana (674), ¹²⁸⁰ srngaritti ((666), ¹²⁸¹ taksaki (679), tamravalli (650), ¹²⁸² umsadara (666), usandi (696), ¹²⁸³ valliyaka (669), ¹²⁸⁴ vatu (688), and visakharparika (661). ¹²⁸⁵

v3.c43.s30.t1.3

¹²⁴⁸ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.4

¹²⁴⁹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.5

¹²⁵⁰ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.6

¹²⁵¹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.7

¹²⁵² ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.8

¹²⁵³ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.9

¹²⁵⁴ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.10

¹²⁵⁵ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.11

¹²⁵⁶ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.12

¹²⁵⁷ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.13

¹²⁵⁸ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.14

¹²⁵⁹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.15

¹²⁶⁰ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.16

¹²⁶¹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.17

¹²⁶² ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.18

¹²⁶³ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.19

¹²⁶⁴ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.20

¹²⁶⁵ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.21

¹²⁶⁶ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.22

¹²⁶⁷ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.23

¹²⁶⁸ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.24

¹²⁶⁹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.25

¹²⁷⁰ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.26

¹²⁷¹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.27

¹²⁷² ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.28

¹²⁷³ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.29

¹²⁷⁴ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.30

¹²⁷⁵ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.31

¹²⁷⁶ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.32

¹²⁷⁷ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.33

¹²⁷⁸ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.34

¹²⁷⁹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.35

¹²⁸⁰ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.36

¹²⁸¹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.37

¹²⁸² ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.38

¹²⁸³ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.39

¹²⁸⁴ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.40

¹²⁸⁵ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.41

Noteworthy names from other parts of the *Namasamgraha* are, for example: bakayini (123), ¹²⁸⁶ bhilla (73), ¹²⁸⁷ bhrngari (143–144), ¹²⁸⁸ kasthapatala (172), ¹²⁸⁹ ksiranadi (195), ¹²⁹⁰ lingabheda (76), raktapadi (51), ¹²⁹¹ sankhayuthika (628), tiktajivanti (194), and varsiki (621–622).

v3.c43.s30.t1.42

¹²⁸⁶ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.43

¹²⁸⁷ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.44

¹²⁸⁸ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.45

¹²⁸⁹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.46

¹²⁹⁰ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.47

¹²⁹¹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.48

Remarkable names from the *Gunasamgraha* are: angaraka (369ab), bodarasngaka (579), draksuna (582), drsatpunarnava (249), gippita (583), ¹²⁹² godhamati (559), jaka (588), jvalatpuspa (578), ¹²⁹³ lamika (582), modayanti (577), ¹²⁹⁴ rajasola (570–571), ¹²⁹⁵ srastari (318–319), and javayinci (37; 394).

v3.c43.s30.t1.49

¹²⁹² ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.50

¹²⁹³ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.51

¹²⁹⁴ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.52

¹²⁹⁵ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.53

The form of several words from these lists indicates that Sodhala was not averse to the use of Prakrit, a fact which he states explicitly at the end of the *Namasamgraha*. A word like gunda, ¹²⁹⁶ with the meaning of Sanskrit niryasa, is freely employed by

v3.c43.s30.t1.54

¹²⁹⁶ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.55

him (e.g., *Gunasamgraha* 589). A late loan-word like sabuna ¹²⁹⁷ is also found in the *Gunasamgraha* (590). ¹²⁹⁸

v3.c43.s30.t1.56

¹²⁹⁷ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.57

¹²⁹⁸ ...

v3.c43.s30.t1.58

(2) *The Gadanigraha* The *Gadanigraha* is, like the *Sodhalanighantu*, composed of two distinct parts, a collection of formulae arranged according to the several types of pharmaceutical preparations, and a comprehensive text dealing with both nidana and cikitsa, arranged in agreement with the eight angas of ayurveda. Its model may have been Candrata's *Yogaratnasamuccaya*, which, though mainly a collection of recipes, also contains a therapeutic part called gadasanti.

Contents

v3.c43.s30.t2.1

The first part of the *Gadanigraha*, the prayogakhanda, counting 2,700 verses ¹²⁹⁹ and thus covering about a quarter of the whole treatise, is divided into six adhikaras, on ghrta, taila, curna, gutika, leha, and asava ¹³⁰⁰ respectively. Its structure therefore closely resembles Candrata's *Yogaratnasamuccaya*, which is composed of eight adhikaras, namely ghrta, taila, curna, gutika, avaleha, gadasanti, pancakarman, and kalpa. The chapter on asavas is new in Sodhala's work; a chapter on kalpa and a section (khanda) on pancakarman form part of the *Gadanigraha* too.

v3.c43.s30.t2.2

¹²⁹⁹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.3

¹³⁰⁰ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.4

Sodhala mentions his sources by name in part of the ghrtadhikara only, up to verse 252ab. The authorities mentioned are: Agnivesa (32cd–35ab; 40cd–43ab; 66cd–68ab; 92–94; 150–153; 158–161; 162–168; 194–197), Bheda (72–76; 77–86ab; 95–101; 200–207), Cikitsakalika (233–234), Harita (43cd–47ab; 47cd–49; 50–54ab; 54cd–60ab; 68cd–71; 89–91; 154; 185–187ab; 208–211), Jatukarna (169–176ab), Kharanada (102–108ab; 242cd–249ab), Krsnatreya (114cd–118; 176–183ab; 198–199; 222–225ab; 225cd–230), Ksarapani (183–184), Siddhasara (64cd–66ab), tantrantara (249cd–252ab), Vagbhata (108cd–111ab; 155; 156–157), Vaideha (124–129), and Videha (212–217).

v3.c43.s30.t2.5

This procedure is surprising and hard to explain. P.V. Sharma ¹³⁰¹ believes that Sodhala indicated these sources according to what he found in Candrata's *Yogaratnasamuccaya*, but that, as Candrata refers to his sources from beginning to end, only a defective copy of the *Yogaratnasamuccaya* was at Sodhala's disposal.

v3.c43.s30.t2.6

¹³⁰¹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.7

Other sources of Sodhala may have been Vrnda's *Siddhayoga*, ¹³⁰² Cakrapani's *Cikitsasamgraha*, ¹³⁰³ and Vangasena's treatise.¹³⁰⁴

v3.c43.s30.t2.8

¹³⁰² ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.9

¹³⁰³ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.10

¹³⁰⁴ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.11

One formula ¹³⁰⁵ is said to derive from Lokasena, a resident of the Nandavihara, who transmitted it to a bhiksu.

v3.c43.s30.t2.12

¹³⁰⁵ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.13

Interesting names of drugs found in chapters to one of the prayogakhanda are: brahmavinirmita (curna 156), ¹³⁰⁶ candrapriya (gutika 452), ¹³⁰⁷ dhurtapatni (gutika 447), ¹³⁰⁸ ghotaka (ghrta 384), ¹³⁰⁹ indrika (ghrta 371), ¹³¹⁰ jivani (taila 365), ¹³¹¹ jvalamukhi (taila 524), ¹³¹² kamsella (leha 45), ¹³¹³ kutasalmali (curna 416), ¹³¹⁴ mahaparpataka (taila 375), ¹³¹⁵ mahotika (taila 339), ¹³¹⁶ parsucchinna (taila 524), ¹³¹⁷ saraka (curna 435), ¹³¹⁸ sitapuspa (gutika 13), ¹³¹⁹ sudhakarakhya (curna 323), ¹³²⁰ sumarkati (ghrta 397), ¹³²¹ vardhiphala (curna 297), ¹³²² vranarohini (taila 365), ¹³²³ vrddhaila (curna 44), ¹³²⁴ and yaksahastaka (ghrta 425). ¹³²⁵

v3.c43.s30.t2.14

¹³⁰⁶ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.15

¹³⁰⁷ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.16

¹³⁰⁸ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.17

¹³⁰⁹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.18

¹³¹⁰ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.19

¹³¹¹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.20

¹³¹² ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.21

¹³¹³ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.22

¹³¹⁴ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.23

¹³¹⁵ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.24

¹³¹⁶ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.25

¹³¹⁷ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.26

¹³¹⁸ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.27

¹³¹⁹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.28

¹³²⁰ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.29

¹³²¹ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.30

¹³²² ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.31

¹³²³ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.32

¹³²⁴ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.33

¹³²⁵ ...

v3.c43.s30.t2.34

The chapter on āsavas presents some interesting features. It describes the nine sources of āsavas (20–21), i.e., tvac, pattra, kāṇḍa, puṣpa, sāra, mūla, phala, dhānya, and sitā (sugar); it proceeds with giving details on these nine types. It enumerates six types made of dhānya (122), twenty-six of phala (23–25), eleven of mūla (26–27), twenty of sāra (27cd–28), ten of puṣpa (29–30ab), four of kāṇḍa (30cd), two of pattra (31ab), four of tvac (31cd), and one of sitā (32a). One of the āsavas, namely the varuṇāsava (324–336), is a contribution by Soḍhala himself, as indicated by the author.

v3.c43.s30.t2.35

Noteworthy drugs prescribed in the āsava chapter of the prayogakhaṇḍa of the Gadanigraha are: 1326 ākallaka (296; 319; 331), 1327 babbūlī (132), 1328 balābīja (294 and 317), dhamāsaka (267), 1329 gajaśeluka (297), 1330 hārahūrā (368), kabāba (319 and 332), kalauñjī (316), 1331 kāyaphala (267), 1333 kubjaka (281), mācikā (142 and 185), mastakī (249), 1334 nepālī (243), 1335 posta (317), 1336 uṭiṅgaṇa (296), 1337 and vijayā (320), 1338 Kuliñjana 1339 is found in another chapter (leha 342). The term arka is met with in this treatise for the very first time (āsava 271–274). 1340 P.V. Sharma claims that opium is also prescribed. 1341

v3.c43.s30.t2.36

The greater part (7,354 verses) of the Gadanigraha is composed of nine khaṇḍas on kāyacikitsā, śālākyatantra, śalyatantra, bhūtavidyā, kaumāratantra, viṣatantra, rasāyanatantra, vājīkaraṇatantra, and pañcakarman.

v3.c43.s30.t2.37

The diseases are systematically assigned to one of the aṅgas, which is a new feature, and their order only partially agrees with the Mādhavanidāna for this reason, though Soḍhala basically accepted the latter work as authoritative and incorporated the whole of it in his own treatise. The differences between Mādhava and Soḍhala are only of a minor nature. The chapters on vṛddhi and vidradhi interchanged their places. Mādhava's chapters on unmāda and apasmāra were transferred to the khaṇḍa on bhūtavidyā; the chapter on unmāda was divided into two, one on bhūtonmāda, the other on unmāda. The arrangement of the chapters on śālākya differs from Mādhava's; their order is śiro-, karṇa-, netra-, nāsā-, and mukharoga. The khaṇḍa on śalya has ten chapters: granthy-apacy-arbuda-galagaṇḍa, ślīpada, vraṇaśopha-dvivraṇīya, sadyovraṇa, bhagna, nāḍīvraṇa, bhagandara, upadaṃśa, śūkadoṣa, and kṣudraroga, which means that Soḍhala accepted Mādhava's order, but made the latter's two chapters on vraṇaśotha and śārīravraṇa into one. It should be noted that the chapter on vidradhi is to be found in the khaṇḍa on kāyacikitsā and not in that on śalya, though it forms part of a series of śalya chapters in the Mādhavanidāna.

v3.c43.s30.t2.38

The matter dealing with kaumāratantra was not only slightly rearranged by Soḍhala, in comparison with Mādhava's work, but also expanded. The khaṇḍa on this subject has twelve chapters: pradara, yoniroga, garbhasrāva, mūdhagarbha, vandhyā, yoniśukradoṣa, sūtīkāroga, stanaroga, yonigādhikaraṇa, 1342 yoninirlomīkaraṇa, 1343 bālaroga, and bālagraha. The chapter on yoniroga corresponds to Mādhava's chapter on yonivyāpad and yonikaṇḍa, those on garbhasrāva and mūdhagarbha correspond to Mādhava's chapter on mūdhagarbha, that on stanaroga agrees with Mādhava's chapters on stanaroga and stanyaduṣṭi, and those on bālaroga and bālagraha correspond to Mādhava's chapter on bālaroga. The chapters on vandhyā, yoniśukradoṣa, yonigādhikaraṇa and yoninirlomīkaraṇa, which have no verses on nidāna, are

v3.c43.s30.t2.39

¹³²⁶ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.40

¹³²⁷ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.41

¹³²⁸ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.42

¹³²⁹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.43

¹³³⁰ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.44

¹³³¹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.45

¹³³³ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.46

¹³³⁴ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.47

¹³³⁵ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.48

¹³³⁶ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.49

¹³³⁷ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.50

¹³³⁸ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.51

¹³³⁹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.52

¹³⁴⁰ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.53

¹³⁴¹ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.54

¹³⁴² [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.55

¹³⁴³ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t2.56

additions.

v3.c43.s30.t2.57

The first chapters of the viṣatantra agree with the last chapter of the Mādhavanidāna, while the remaining seven are on therapy. The rasāyanatantra is of a composite nature; its first chapter is about rasāyana, the second (auṣadhikalpa) is concerned with kalpas useful in rasāyana, the third (bheṣajakalpa) is on various pharmaceutical preparations and measures, the fourth treats of dinacaryā, and the fifth of ṛtucaryā.

v3.c43.s30.t2.58

The sources of the verses contained in these nine khaṇḍas are indicated in a few instances: Vṛddhavāgbhaṭa (kāya 1.450–451), Suśruta (1.461–462), and Vāgbhaṭa (1. 547–549). Parts of the second chapter of the rasāyanatantra (auṣadhikalpa) have been taken from the Aṣṭāṅgasamgraha. 1344

v3.c43.s30.t2.59

The Gadanigraha is quoted in Hariprapanna's Rasayogasāgara, Jayaratna's Jvaraparājaya, 1345 Viśvanātha Dvivedī's Rasendrasambhava, Yādavji Trikamjī's Rasāmṛta, and in the Yogaratnākara. It is one of the sources of Āryadāsa Kumārasimha's Kvāthamaṇimālā, Devasimha Viṭṭhal's Bṛhadāsavāriṣṭasamgraha and of the Rasoddhāratantra.

Special features

v3.c43.s30.t3.1

The Gadanigraha contains in those parts which are devoted to nidāna a rather considerable number of extra verses which are not found in the Rogaviniścaya. Some of these are appended to the verses taken from Mādhava and indicated as prakārāntareṇa lakṣaṇāni, 1346 others occur at various places and describe specific syndromes. Examples of the latter category are: kāya 2.117 (pravāhikā), 5.30–32 (bhasmaka), 7.20 (hāridraka), 1347 19.160 (kaṭigraha); kaumāra 11.18–21ab (kṣīrālasaka). 1348

v3.c43.s30.t3.2

Mention is made of some syndromes unknown from earlier texts, such as a pañcāhasambhava jvara (kāya 1.535–536) and ṣaḍdinodbhava jvara (1.536–537). 1349 Soḍhala incorporated the diseases called vardhma (kāya 35.11–12), snāyuka (kāya 40.41–43) and somaroga (kaumāra 1.63–68). 1350 The disorder called śleṣmapitta may have been described for the first time by Soḍhala (kāya 38.12). 1351 The terms śītalī (kāya 41. 68 and 70) and śītalikā (41.68 and 71–73), used by Soḍhala in his chapter on masūrikā, are among their earliest occurrences. 1352 Remarkable is the fact that Soḍhala regarded blood as a doṣa on the same footing as kapha and pitta, at least in an isolated instance (kāya 19.88). The terms rasendrabhoktar (vājīkaraṇa 125) and sūtasevin (vājīkaraṇa 135) tell in favour of the developed state of rasaśāstra in Soḍhala's times.

v3.c43.s30.t3.3

Religious elements play a minor role in this author's therapeutics, but the mention of a rākṣasī called Dundubhī (kāya 1.556–557), to be honoured in cases of fever, should be noted, as well as the employment of the Mahāmāyūrī (bhūta 1.47).

v3.c43.s30.t3.4

The plant mārkaṇḍī may well be found for the first time in the Gadanigraha (kāya 9. 46 and 33.76), 1353 as well as the substance designated by the term tavarāga (kaumāra 1. 55 and 11.121), a synonym of yavāsaśarkarā. 1354 Among the rare medicinal substances from the Sodhalanighaṇṭu only a few are prescribed in the Gadanigraha, e.g., palāśinī (kāya 32.103 and 107) and bodāraśṛṅga (śalya 8.26).

v3.c43.s30.t3.5

On the other hand, the Gadanigraha mentions a number of medicinal plants which were not included in the Nighaṇṭu, e.g., āhulī (kāya 7.64), bhūmijayantī (kāya 1.557), brahmadāṇḍī (kāya 1.607), 1355 chohāra (kāya 6.34), 1356 ciñciṇī (kāya 1.220), 1357 citrāṅgī (kāya 1.644), 1358 devaḍaṅgarī (kāya 30.88), 1359 dhārādhara (kāya 1.480), 1360 erakā (kāya 39.55), 1361 ghṛtapura (kāya 35.53), 1362 girikadambaka (kaumāra 11. 107), 1363 gopālakarkaṭī (kāya 29.61), 1364 karṇamoṭa (śalya 3.63), 1365 kaṭudugdhikā (kāya 4.179), 1366 kaṭuṭṛṇa (kāya 14.80), 1367 kṛṣṇabhramarīkā (śālākya 2.83), 1368 kṛṣṇalā (kaumāra 10.7), 1369 kṣīrapotakī (kāya 22.38), 1370 māyāphala (kaumāra 9. 17), 1371 mūlakaśuṇṭha (kāya 1.406), 1372 pāñcānana (kāya 10.69), 1373 riṅgiṇī (kāya 23.82), 1374 sitakesara (kāya 23.134), 1375 uṭiṇṭa (kāya 41.68), 1376 vaidyamṛta (kāya 1.476), 1377 vallītaru (kāya 19.201), 1378 varṇojjvala (kāya 31.29), 1379 and vīrabhaṭī (bhūta 1.78). 1380 The term khapura is used as a synonym of niryāsa in jiṅgiṇikhapura (kāya 19.197). The term amlavetasa is employed in a peculiar way (rasāyana 2.5). 1381

v3.c43.s30.t3.6

¹³⁴⁴ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t3.7

¹³⁴⁵ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t3.8

¹³⁴⁶ [Text of the note]

v3.c43.s30.t3.9

¹³⁴⁷ [Text of the note]

First 200 of 221 passages. Read on

Linked texts (35)