Pramāṇa · Search · About · API

A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c52: Chapter 13: Various works on rasaśāstra and ratnaśāstra

A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c52

Language
English

Chapter 13: Various works on rasaśāstra and ratnaśāstra

v3.c52.2

ABHRAKAKALPA: a treatise on the properties and medicinal uses of mica (abhraka), written in A.D. 1679. 1

v3.c52.3

ABHRAKALAKṢAṆA. 2 ABHRAKAMĀRAṆAPRAKĀRA. 3 ABHRAKASATTVA. 4 ABHRAKAVIDHI. 5 ABHRAKAYOGA. 6 ĀDIMASIDDHĀNTA. 7

v3.c52.4

AGASTYASAṂHITĀ by Agastya. A treatise of this title is mentioned as a work on rasaśāstra by P.V. Sharma. 8 An *Agastyasaṃhitā* is also referred to as a treatise on precious stones. 9

v3.c52.5

An *Agastimata* is a work on ratnaśāstra. 10 This treatise is the only one known describing a kind of bargaining through hand-signs, called *hastasaṃjñā*, 11 usual among jewellers in India; 12 this procedure has been recorded by Tavernier, who observed it during his travels. 13 Some assign the *Agastimata* to the late sixth century; 14 L. Finot regarded it as later in date than Buddhabhaṭṭa’s *Ratnaparīkṣā* or *Ratnaśāstra*. 15

v3.c52.6

The earliest reference to the *Agastimata* is found in Mallinātha’s commentary on the *Śiśupālavadha*. 16 The *Agastyamata* was known to Merutuṅga, the author of the *Prabandhacintāmaṇi*. 17

v3.c52.7

The *Agastiyaratnaparīkṣā*, 18 an extract from the *Agastimata* in one hundred verses, deals with: vajra and muktā (4–42), māṇikya (43–61), nīla (62–75), marakata (76–81), gomeda (82–86), puṣyarāga (87–89), vaidūrya (90–92), lājavarta (93), and pravāla (94–96).

v3.c52.8

*Agastyasaṃhitā* forms part of the *Skandapurāṇa*; the *Hālāsyamāhātmy*a of this *Agastyasaṃhitā* contains a chapter (23) on ratnaśāstra; this chapter, consisting of 201 verses, is called navaratnavikriyā. 19

v3.c52.9

ĀMAKUṬHĀRACŪRṆAVIDHĀNA. 20 ĀNANDARASARATNAMĀLĀ. 21 AṢṬADHĀTUMĀRAṆAVIDHI. 22 AṢṬADHĀTUPARĪKṢĀ. 23

v3.c52.10

AṢṬAMAHĀMĀTRĀ:²⁴ a medical treatise in eight chapters on the method of preparing eight rasayogas (the eight mātras) and on their uses; a commentary is found at the end of each part. The name of the author and that of the commentator are not mentioned.

v3.c52.11

²⁴ AṢṬAMAHĀMĀTRĀ

v3.c52.12

The authorities and works quoted or referred to in the commentary are: Ākara,²⁵ Amara, Ānandakanda, Bhairavayogin, Ekākṣaranighaṇṭukāra,²⁶ Lakṣmaṇa, Nighaṇṭu, Rasacintāmaṇi, Rasadīpikā, Rasahṛdaya, Rasakaumudikā, Rasamaṅgalā, Rasāmṛta, Rasaratnasamuccaya, Rasārṇava, Rasavaiśeṣikanighaṇṭu, Siddhanātha,²⁷ Sūtrasthāna, and Vaijayantī.²⁸

v3.c52.13

²⁵ Ākara

v3.c52.14

²⁶ Ekākṣaranighaṇṭukāra

v3.c52.15

²⁷ Siddhanātha

v3.c52.16

²⁸ Vaijayantī

v3.c52.17

AṢṬAMAHĀRASAVARṆANA.²⁹ ĀŚVINEYAMAHĀRĀJAMGĀṄKARASAVIDHĀNA.³⁰ ĀYURVEDARASAŚĀSTRA.³¹ ĀYURVEDARASAŚĀSTRA by Mādhava.³²

v3.c52.18

²⁹ AṢṬAMAHĀRASAVARṆANA

v3.c52.19

³⁰ ĀŚVINEYAMAHĀRĀJAMGĀṄKARASAVIDHĀNA

v3.c52.20

³¹ ĀYURVEDARASAŚĀSTRA

v3.c52.21

³² ĀYURVEDARASAŚĀSTRA by Mādhava

v3.c52.22

ĀYURVEDĪYA KHANIJA-VIJÑĀNA by Kavirāja Pratāpasimha.³³

v3.c52.23

³³ ĀYURVEDĪYA KHANIJA-VIJÑĀNA by Kavirāja Pratāpasimha

v3.c52.24

This work deals with mercury (rasa) and sulphur (gandhaka); it describes the minerals (khanija) containing these elements; numerous formulae of rasayogas are also found in it.

v3.c52.25

Sources mentioned in this work are: Arkaprakāśa, Āyurvedaprakāśa, Basavarājīya, Bhaiṣajyaratnāvalī,³⁴ Bhāvaprakāśa, Bṛhadyogatarangiṇī, Cakradatta, Nighaṇṭuratnākara, Pāradasaṃhitā, Rasacaṇḍāṃśu, Rasadarpaṇa, Rasakāmadhenu, Rasapārijāta, Rasarājasundara, Rasaratnākara, Rasaratnasamuccaya, Rasārṇava, Rasasārapaddhati, Rasataraṅgiṇī, Rasāyanasaṃgraha, Rasāyanasāra, Rasayogasāgara, Rasendracintāmaṇi, Rasendrasārasaṃgraha, Śaivālābhakṣyamata, Śārṅgadharasaṃhitā, Toḍarānanda, Vaidyacintāmaṇi, Vaidyajīvana, Vaṅgasena, Yogacintāmaṇi, and Yogaratnākara.

v3.c52.26

³⁴ Bhaiṣajyaratnāvalī

v3.c52.27

BANDHASARVASVA by Gorakṣanātha.³⁵ BHAIRAVAGUṬIKĀVIDHI.³⁶ BHAIRAVAPRASĀDA.³⁷ BHAIRAVATANTRA.³⁸

v3.c52.28

³⁵ BANDHASARVASVA by Gorakṣanātha

v3.c52.29

³⁶ BHAIRAVAGUṬIKĀVIDHI

v3.c52.30

³⁷ BHAIRAVAPRASĀDA

v3.c52.31

³⁸ BHAIRAVATANTRA

v3.c52.32

BHAIṢAJYASĀRA,³⁹ Bhaiṣajyasārāmṛta,⁴⁰ or Bhaiṣajyasārāmṛtasamhitā,⁴¹ by Upendramiśra. This work was used in the compilation of Dattarāma’s Bṛhadrasarājasundara,⁴² Jñārasarāmaśarman’s Anupānadarpaṇa, and Hariprapanna’s Rasayogasāgara.⁴³

v3.c52.33

³⁹ BHAIṢAJYASĀRA

v3.c52.34

⁴⁰ Bhaiṣajyasārāmṛta

v3.c52.35

⁴¹ Bhaiṣajyasārāmṛtasamhitā

v3.c52.36

⁴² Bṛhadrasarājasundara

v3.c52.37

⁴³ Rasayogasāgara

v3.c52.38

BHARAṆYAUṢADHA.⁴⁴ BHARAṆYAUṢADHAPRAYOGA.⁴⁵ BHĀRATĪYARASAPADDHATI by Atrideva.⁴⁶ BHASMACIKITSĀ.⁴⁷ BHASMACŪRṆAVIDHĀNA.⁴⁸

v3.c52.39

⁴⁴ BHARAṆYAUṢADHA

v3.c52.40

⁴⁵ BHARAṆYAUṢADHAPRAYOGA

v3.c52.41

⁴⁶ BHĀRATĪYARASAPADDHATI by Atrideva

v3.c52.42

⁴⁷ BHASMACIKITSĀ

v3.c52.43

⁴⁸ BHASMACŪRṆAVIDHĀNA

v3.c52.44

BHASMAKAUMUDĪ by Prāṇakṛṣṇa Viśvāsa, son of Rāmahari, grandson of Dayarāma.⁴⁹

v3.c52.45

⁴⁹ BHASMAKAUMUDĪ by Prāṇakṛṣṇa Viśvāsa, son of Rāmahari, grandson of Dayarāma

v3.c52.46

BHASMANIRMĀṆAKRAMA.⁵⁰ BHASMANIRŪPAṆA.⁵¹ BHASMASĀDHANA.⁵² BHASMASINDŪRĀDINIRŪPAṆA.⁵³

v3.c52.47

⁵⁰ BHASMANIRMĀṆAKRAMA

v3.c52.48

⁵¹ BHASMANIRŪPAṆA

v3.c52.49

⁵² BHASMASĀDHANA

v3.c52.50

⁵³ BHASMASINDŪRĀDINIRŪPAṆA

v3.c52.51

BHAVĀNĪMATA.⁵⁴ This work is quoted or mentioned as a source in the Rasakakṣāpuṭa, Rasarājalakṣmī, Rasaratnapradīpa, Rasasindhu, and Ṭoḍara’s Āyurvedasaukhya.⁵⁵

v3.c52.52

⁵⁴ BHAVĀNĪMATA

v3.c52.53

⁵⁵ Āyurvedasaukhya

v3.c52.54

BHŪNĀGASATTVANIRŪPAṆA.⁵⁶ BHŪNĀGATĀMRAKALPA.⁵⁷ BHŪTABHAIRAVĪ by Jñānabhūpati.⁵⁸ BHŪTABHAIRAVĪRASANIRMĀṆAVICĀRA.⁵⁹

v3.c52.55

⁵⁶ BHŪNĀGASATTVANIRŪPAṆA

v3.c52.56

⁵⁷ BHŪNĀGATĀMRAKALPA

v3.c52.57

⁵⁸ BHŪTABHAIRAVĪ by Jñānabhūpati

v3.c52.58

⁵⁹ BHŪTABHAIRAVĪRASANIRMĀṆAVICĀRA

v3.c52.59

BṚHADRASARĀJASUNDARA by Dattarāma Caube.⁶⁰

v3.c52.60

⁶⁰ BṚHADRASARĀJASUNDARA by Dattarāma Caube

v3.c52.61

The treatise consists of three khaṇḍas, the first and third of which are divided into two parts. The first five chapters (adhyāya), forming together the pāradaprakaraṇa of the first half of the first khaṇḍa, deal with mercury and its processing (1–52). The remaining part of the first half of the first khaṇḍa is devoted to gandhaka (52–57), suvarṇa (57–64), raupya (64–68), tāmra (68–74), vaṅga (74–78), jasada (78–80), nāga (80–83), loha (83–93), maṇḍūra (94–95), and miśradhātus (alloys; 95–100).

v3.c52.62

The second part of the first khaṇḍa is concerned with the upadhātus: suvarṇa- or hemamākṣika (100–107); raupya- or tāramākṣika (107–108); vimala or tāpīja (108–111); tuttha (111–115); capala (115–117); kaṅkuṣṭha, also called kākakuṣṭha, varāṅga and kolavāluka (117–118); rasaka (118–122); sindūra, also called raktareṇu, nāgagarbha and sīsaka (122–123); girisindūra (123); abhraka, also called vajra and gagana (123–143); haritāla (143–159); añjana (159–161); kāsīsa (162–163); gairika (163–164); hinguḷa or darada (164–168); ṭaṅkaṇa and tuvarī (168–170); manaḥśilā (170–172); śaṅkha (172); khaṭī (172–173); varāṭikā or kapardikā (173); muktāśukti (174); śambuka (174); vālu(kā), also called sikatā, śarkarā and reta jā (174–175).

v3.c52.63

The second khaṇḍa discusses śilājatu (175–182), enumerates the sādhāraṇarasas (kampilla, capalagaurīpāṣāṇa, narasāraka, kapardī, vahnijāra, girisindūra, hinguḷa, kedāraśṛṅga), and deals with kampilla (182), gaurīpāṣāṇa or hatacūrṇaka (182–183), navasāra (= narasāraka) or cullikālavaṇa (183), agnijāra (= vahnijāra; 184), samudraphena (184), bola (184), guggulu (185), rasakarpūra (186), the ratnas and uparatnas (186–213), viṣas and upaviṣas (213–227), groups of substances (227–229),⁶¹ weights and measures (229–230), puṭas (230–231), and yantras (231–242).

v3.c52.64

⁶¹ groups of substances

v3.c52.65

The first part of the third khaṇḍa consists of rasayogas against the diseases mentioned in the Mādhavanidāna. Added are prescriptions against kapharoga (464–466) and pittaroga (466–467) after vātavyādhi, against somaroga (493–494) after prameha, and formulae with rasāyana and vājīkaraṇa action (536–550).

v3.c52.66

Sources quoted are: Bauddhasarvasva (429), Bhaiṣajyasārāmṛtasamhitā (255),⁶² Bhāluki (117),⁶³ Bheḍa (384), Bhoja (384), Brahmajyotirmunīndra’s Ratnasāgara (195–196),⁶⁴ Candraṭa’s Yogaratnasamuccaya (459), Gorakṣanātha (439),⁶⁵ granthāntara (100, 440), Jñānajyotis (288),⁶⁶ Kākacaṇḍeśvara (138), Kaśyapasaṃhitā (390), 67 Kṣīrasvāmin (142), 68 Lakṣmaṇotsava (330), 69 Mādhava's Sārakaumudī (291), 70 Nāgārjuna (118, 71 182), 72 Nārāyaṇavilāsa (397), 73 Purandararahasya (36), 74 Rājarājeśvaracintāmaṇi (148), 75 Rasadarpana (118 76 and 159), 77 Rasapaddhati (118–119 78 and 188), 79 Rasapradīpa (256 and 323), 80 Rasarāja (296), 81 Rasarājaka (298), 82 Rasaratnākara (388), Rasaratnasamuccaya (244, 406, 464), Rasārṇava (212 83, 463), Rasasāgara (279, 330, 458–459, 487), Rasasindhu, 84 Rasendracintāmaṇi (256), Rasendrakalpadruma (206), 85 Rasendrapadma kośa (206), 86 Rasendrasamhitā (376), 87 Śambhu (235), 88 Sārasamgraha (384–385), 89 Sārāvalī (384), 90 Śivānubhava (330), 91 Suṣeṇa (300), 92 Suśruta (1), 93 Vāgbhaṭatantra (1), Vaidyanātha (137), 94 Vaidyarahasya (439–440), 95 Vaidyasāgara (1), Vaṅgasena (395–396), Vasantarāja (429), 96 Vṛnda (385–386), Yogasārāvalī (458), 97 and Yogatarangiṇī 463–464).

v3.c52.67

⁶² Bhaiṣajyasārāmṛtasamhitā

v3.c52.68

⁶³ Bhāluki

v3.c52.69

⁶⁴ Ratnasāgara

v3.c52.70

⁶⁵ Gorakṣanātha

v3.c52.71

⁶⁶ Jñānajyotis

v3.c52.72

The Rasarājasundara is one of the sources of the Āyurvedīya Khanijavijñāna, Bhāratabhaisajyaratnākara, Bheṣajasamhitā, Pāradasamhitā, Rasayogasāgara, 98 Rasendrasambhava, and Rasoddhāratantra.

v3.c52.73

The Rasarājasundara is quoted in the Kūpīpakvarasānirnavijñāna, the Rasatattvavivecana, Hazārīlāl Sukul's commentary on the Rasaratnasamuccaya, Khare's commentary on the Rasaratnasamuccaya, and Somadevaśarman's commentary on the Āyurvedaprakāśa. Hazārīlāl Sukul also refers to Dattarāma.

v3.c52.74

The miśradhātus (alloys) described are: two varieties of kāmsya (puṣpa- and tailakakāmsya), kamsaka, two varieties of pittala (rājarītikā and kākatunḍī), pañcaloha, and bharta or vartalohaka.

v3.c52.75

Vimala is of two varieties: suvarṇa- and rajatavimala, while some add a third kind, called kāmsyavimala; sasyaka is said to be the same as tuttha; kharpara is a variety of tuttha; the preparation of nāgatāmra is described (113); capala is of four varieties: gaura, śveta, aruṇa and kṛṣṇa; capala is regarded as either a mahārasa or an uparasa (116); kaṅkuṣṭha is of two varieties: nalikā- and reṇukākaṅkuṣṭha; kaṅkuṣṭha is an upadhātu of vaṅga (tin); rasaka is of two varieties: dardura and kāravellaka, but Nāgārjuna distinguishes the varieties called rasaka and kalambuka; the opinions of the authors of the Rasadarpana and Rasapaddhati are quoted on rasaka and its varieties; abhraka is of four varieties: brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya and śūdra; their colours are white, red, yellow and black respectively; black abhraka is of the usual four varieties; haritāla is of two varieties: pattra- and piṇḍaharitāla, but some distinguish four varieties: piṇḍa, pattra, godanta and vakadāla; añjana is of two kinds: yāmuna and kāpota; sroto'ñjana is of two kinds too: sroto'ñjana senu stricto, which is black, and sauvīrāñjana, which is white; the Rasadarpana distinguishes five varieties of añjana: sauvīrāñjana, rasāñjana, sroto'ñjana, puṣpāñjana and nīlāñjana; kāsīsa is of three varieties: sita, śyāma and pīta; others distinguish two varieties called vāluka and puṣpavāluka; gairika is of two varieties: pāṣāṇa- and svarṇagairika, but some distinguish a third variety; hingu la is of three varieties: camāra, śukatuṇḍa and hamsapāda; ṭaṅkaṇa is of three varieties: sphaṭikābha, guḍaprabha, and pāṇḍura or nīlakaṇṭha; manaḥśilā is of two varieties: manohvā and pīvarī, or of three types called śyāmāṅgī, kavarīrikā and dvikhaṇḍa; khaṭī is of two types: khaṭī and gaurakhaṭī; vāṭikā is of three types: white, red and yellow.

v3.c52.76

Several classifications of śilājatu are mentioned: kāñcana-, raupya-, tāmra-, vaṅga-, nāga-, and lohaśilājatu, gomūtra- and karpūraśilājatu, giri- and ūṣarasambhava; a white variety of śilājatu is called soraka. Bola is of two varieties: rakta and śyāma.

v3.c52.77

The ratnas and uparatnas are variously classified; the group called maṇirasa consists of rājāvarta, puṣpa(rāga), mauktika, vidruma and vaikrānta (188); the usual kinds of diamonds are described; its five defects are: mala, bindu, yavarekhā and kākapada; 99 the four types of bindu are: āvarta, varta, bhālabindu and yavākṛti; 100 the eight usual sources of pearls (mauktika) are enumerated: the pearl oyster (śukti), 101 the pearl mussel (śaṅkha), 102 the elephant, 103 hog (kroḍa), 104 snake, 105 fish, 106 frog, and bamboo (veṇu); 107 eight varieties of vaikrānta are described.

v3.c52.78

The viṣas are variously classified into groups consisting of thirteen, eighteen and nine items; two classifications of the upaviṣas are mentioned; the first group consists of snuhī, arka, lāṅgalī, guñjā, hayāri, viṣamuṣṭikā, jepāla, unmatta, and ahiphena (223); the second group is composed of bhallātaka, ativiṣā, four types of khākhasa, two types of karavīra and ahiphena, four types of dhattūra, two types of guñjā, nirviṣī, viṣamuṣṭi, and lāṅgalī; bhaṅgā and sehuṇḍa, left unmentioned in the classifications, are also described (226);

v3.c52.79

The yantras described are: kavacī-, dolā- or svedana-, 108 garbha-, hamsapāka-, vidyādhara-, lavaṇa-, ḍamaruka-, 109 somānala-, 110 ūrdhvanalikā- or ṭaṅka-, vālukā-, bhūdhara-, pātāla-, dīpikā-, tejo- or lavaka-, kacchapa-, jāraṇa-, tulā-, 111 jala-, dhūpa-, 112 sthalī-, 113 gaurī-, koṣṭhayantra, vajra- or andhamūṣa, puṭa-, cakra-, pālikā-, 114 iṣṭikā-, koṣṭhikā-, baka-, nāḍikā-, vāruṇī-, tiryakpātana-, kandu-, 115 and vallabhīyantra.

v3.c52.80

The divyauṣadhis of the Rasarājasundara are (34–35): ajagarī, ajayā, amlapattrī, aśokanāmī, āsurī, aśvathapattrī, bhūtakeśī, bilvadalā, bilvatānkī, 116 brahmadāṇḍī, cakoranāsā, citraka, devilatā, dhanurvallī, gomārī, gonasī, gorocanā, gosṭhāṅgī, hemadāṇḍī, hemalatā, īśvarī, jalapadminī, jayā, kaṭutumbī, kālaparṇī, kaṇḍakṣīrī, kaṇḍapattrikā, khadirapattrī, kītamārī, kṛṣṇavallī, kṣetrī, madhutṛṣṇā, mahāvallī, mayūraśikhā, nāganī, nīlotpala, padmakandā, palāśatilakā, patikṣīrā, 117 punnāgapattrikā, rajanī, raktakandavatī, raktavallī, rohiṇī, rudravantī, savarī, saptaparṇī, sarvarā, simhikā, somavallī, śṛṅgā, śrīnāmnī, talī, tridaṇḍī, trijaṭā, triśūlī, tṛṇajyotis, tumbikā, vajranāmavallī, vajravallī, vārāhīkanda, vijayā, viśalyā, and vyāghrapādalatā. 118

v3.c52.81

The author calls himself in the introductory verse Māthuranandana, a resident of Madhupurī; the Hindī translation adds that his name is Dattarāma. The colophon of chapter one identifies him as Dattarāma, the son of Śrīmāthura Kṛṣṇalāla. A more detailed genealogy is found at the end of the verses on the miśradhātus; the author, Dattarāma, informs the reader that he is a brāhmaṇa of Māthuravamśa, son of Kṛṣṇalāla (Kanhaiyālāl), who was the son of Haricandra, one of the three sons of Ghāsīrāma.

v3.c52.82

Dattarāma belongs to the twentieth century. 119

v3.c52.83

BṚHATSAMHITĀ by Varāhamihira. This treatise contains four chapters on ratnaparīkṣā. 120 Chapter 79 deals, after a short introduction (1–3) and a list of precious and semiprecious stones (4–5), with the diamond (vajra; 6–18); chapter 80 (36 verses) is devoted to the pearl (muktāphala), chapter 81 (11 verses) to the ruby (padmarāga), and chapter 82 (one verse) to the emerald (marakata), 121

v3.c52.84

⁶⁷ Kṣīrasvāmin (142),

v3.c52.85

⁶⁸ Lakṣmaṇotsava (330),

v3.c52.86

⁶⁹ Mādhava's Sārakaumudī (291),

v3.c52.87

⁷⁰ Nāgārjuna (118,

v3.c52.88

⁷¹ 182),

v3.c52.89

⁷² Nārāyaṇavilāsa (397),

v3.c52.90

⁷³ Purandararahasya (36),

v3.c52.91

⁷⁴ Rājarājeśvaracintāmaṇi (148),

v3.c52.92

⁷⁵ Rasadarpana (118

v3.c52.93

⁷⁶ and 159),

v3.c52.94

⁷⁷ Rasapaddhati (118–119

v3.c52.95

⁷⁸ and 188),

v3.c52.96

⁷⁹ Rasapradīpa (256 and 323),

v3.c52.97

⁸⁰ Rasarāja (296),

v3.c52.98

⁸¹ Rasarājaka (298),

v3.c52.99

⁸² Rasaratnākara (388),

v3.c52.100

⁸³ 212

v3.c52.101

⁸⁴ Rasasindhu,

v3.c52.102

⁸⁵ Rasendrakalpadruma (206),

v3.c52.103

⁸⁶ Rasendrapadma kośa (206),

v3.c52.104

⁸⁷ Rasendrasamhitā (376),

v3.c52.105

⁸⁸ Śambhu (235),

v3.c52.106

⁸⁹ Sārasamgraha (384–385),

v3.c52.107

⁹⁰ Sārāvalī (384),

v3.c52.108

⁹¹ Śivānubhava (330),

v3.c52.109

⁹² Suṣeṇa (300),

v3.c52.110

⁹³ Suśruta (1),

v3.c52.111

⁹⁴ Vaidyanātha (137),

v3.c52.112

⁹⁵ Vaidyarahasya (439–440),

v3.c52.113

⁹⁶ Vasantarāja (429),

v3.c52.114

⁹⁷ Vṛnda (385–386), Yogasārāvalī (458),

v3.c52.115

⁹⁸ Rasayogasāgara,

v3.c52.116

⁹⁹ mala, bindu, yavarekhā and kākapada;

v3.c52.117

¹⁰⁰ āvarta, varta, bhālabindu and yavākṛti;

v3.c52.118

¹⁰¹ the pearl oyster (śukti),

v3.c52.119

¹⁰² the pearl mussel (śaṅkha),

v3.c52.120

¹⁰³ the elephant,

v3.c52.121

¹⁰⁴ hog (kroḍa),

v3.c52.122

¹⁰⁵ snake,

v3.c52.123

¹⁰⁶ fish,

v3.c52.124

¹⁰⁷ and bamboo (veṇu);

v3.c52.125

¹⁰⁸ kavacī-, dolā- or svedana-,

v3.c52.126

¹⁰⁹ ḍamaruka-,

v3.c52.127

¹¹⁰ somānala-,

v3.c52.128

¹¹¹ tulā-,

v3.c52.129

¹¹² dhūpa-,

v3.c52.130

¹¹³ sthalī-,

v3.c52.131

¹¹⁴ pālikā-,

v3.c52.132

¹¹⁵ kandu-,

v3.c52.133

¹¹⁶ bilvatānkī,

v3.c52.134

¹¹⁷ patikṣīrā,

v3.c52.135

¹¹⁸ vyāghrapādalatā.

v3.c52.136

¹¹⁹ Dattarāma belongs to the twentieth century.

v3.c52.137

¹²⁰ BṚHATSAMHITĀ by Varāhamihira. This treatise contains four chapters on ratnaparīkṣā.

v3.c52.138

The stones enumerated (79.4–5) are: vajra, indranīla, 122 marakata, karketara, padmarāga, rudhirākhya, vaidūrya, pulaka, 123 vimalaka, 124 rājamani, 125 sphaṭika, śaśikānta (= candrakānta), saugandhika, 126 gomedaka, śaṅkha, mahānīla, 127 puṣparāga, brahmamaṇi, 128 jyotirasa, 129 sasyaka, 130 muktā, and pravāla. 131

v3.c52.139

CANDRASENASIDDHĀNTA. 132 Candrasena, who is also credited with the Rasacandrodaya, is a Rasasiddha. 133

v3.c52.140

Candrasena is quoted in the Yogaratnākara. The Rasajalanidhi attributes to him a description of puṣparāga 134 and a particular method of killing diamonds. 135

v3.c52.141

CARPAṬISIDDHĀNTA. 136 Carpaṭa, Carpaṭi, Carpaṭi(nātha), or Carvaṭi is mentioned in Jīnadattasūri’s Suvarṇarupasiddhśāstra, 137 the Rasakakṣapuṭa, the Varṇaratnākara, 138 and the Vāsudevānubhava.

v3.c52.142

He is quoted in the Āyurvedasaukhya, 139 Lohasarvasva, 140 Yogaratnākara, 141 and Yogatarangiṇī. 142

v3.c52.143

Some texts refer to him as a Rasasiddha. 143 Svātmārāma calls Carpaṭi one of the Mahāsiddhas. 144

v3.c52.144

Some regard Carpaṭi as one of the pupils of Gorakṣanātha, 145 others mention Vyāḍi as his teacher. 146 The Tibetan tradition sees in him the guru of Mīna Pā, 147 i.e., Mīnanātha or Matsyendranātha. 148 Carpaṭi is the twenty-fourth 149 or fifty-ninth 150 of the eighty-four Siddhas. 151 King Sāhila of the Chamba state, who lived in the tenth century, is said to have held Carpaṭi in high esteem. 152

v3.c52.145

The Śābaratantra refers to Carpaṭanātha as one of the pupils of the twelve Kāpālika teachers. 153 A Hindi text called Prāṇasaṅgalī contains an improbable report about a conversation between Guru Nānak 154 and Carpaṭi. 155

v3.c52.146

Works attributed to Carpaṭi, apart from the Carpaṭisiddhānta, are the Carpaṭaśataka 156 and Rasacandrodaya. 157

v3.c52.147

Carpaṭi 158 is assigned to the eleventh, 159 twelfth or thirteenth century. 160

v3.c52.148

CIKITSĀRATNĀBHARAṆA by Sadānanda Dādhīca. 161 This work is one of the sources of Hariprapanna’s Rasayogasāgara 162 and Hariśaraṇānanda’s Kūpīpakvarasānirmāṇavijñāna. Syphilis (phiraṅga) is mentioned in it. 163

v3.c52.149

CIKITSĀ(SĀRA)RAHASYA by Hārīta Muni. 164 This work is one of the sources of Hariprapanna’s Rasayogasāgara. Hārītamuni is quoted in Nityanātha’s Rasaratnākara.

v3.c52.150

CINTĀMAṆIRASAVIDHĀNA. 165

v3.c52.151

DATTĀTREYASAṂHITĀ by Dattātreya. 166

v3.c52.152

DEVĪŚASTRA. 167 This work is quoted or mentioned in Āśubodha and Nityabodha Senagupta’s commentary on the Rasaratnasamuccaya, the Bhāratabhaiṣajyaratnākara, 168 Hazārīlāl Sukul’s commentary on the Rasaratnasamuccaya, the Basavarājīya, Rasaprakāśasudhākara, Rasaratnasamuccaya, and Rasayogasāgara. 169

v3.c52.153

The Devīśastra is sometimes considered to be the same as the Rasārṇava. 170

v3.c52.154

DEVĪYĀMALA. 171 Quoted in one of the pariśiṣṭas of the Ānandakanda, 172 the Kūpīpakvarasānirmāṇavijñāna, and the Rasakāmadhenu. A Devayāmalaka is quoted in Gulrājśarmamiśra’s commentary on the Āyurvedaprakāśa.

v3.c52.155

DHARANĪDHARASAMHITĀ 173 by Dharaṇīdhara, son of Jvālānanda. 174 This work is profusely quoted in the Pāradasarphitā. Quotations also occur in Hazārīlāl Sukul’s commentary on the Rasaratnasamuccaya and in the Kūpīpakvarasānirmāṇavijñāna.

v3.c52.156

The Dharaṇīdharasamhitā lists the following divyauṣadhis: agnikarṇikā, ākhuparṇikā, amṛtakanda, apāmārga, aparājitā, bhūkadamba, brahmaḍaṇḍī, bṛhatī, cakramarda, citraka, daṇḍī, dhattūra, dūrvā, gojihvā, grīṣmasundarā, haridrā, hastiśuṇḍī, iṣupuṅkhikā, īśvarī, jātī, jayantī, kākajanghā, kākamācī, kañcukī, kaṭutumbikā, kośātakī, kṛṣṇasārivā, kṣīriṇī, kumārikā, kusumbhaka, lajjālu, lakṣmaṇā, lāngalī, mahārāṣṭrī, maṇḍūkaparṇī, mīnākṣī, mṛgadūrvā, nirakaṇā, nirguṇḍī, pātālī, raktālu, raktālu, rambhā, rasāṅkuśa, sairīya, śaṅkhapuṣpā, sarpākṣī, śatāvarī, śigru, śikhisikhā, śimbikā, śimbikā, śrīdevī, suradārikā, sūryāvarta, śvetārka, tilaparṇikā, tulasī, utpala, vajrakanda, vajralatā, vandhyā, vārāhī, varṣābhū, vidārī, and vṛddhī. 175

v3.c52.157

Works quoted in it are the Rasahṛdaya and Rasaprakāśasudhākara. 176

v3.c52.158

The acquaintance of the author with the Rasaprakāśasudhākara implies that he cannot be earlier than the sixteenth century.

v3.c52.159

DHĀTUJÑĀNA. 177 DHĀTUKALPA. 178 DHĀTUKALPARĀJA. 179 DHĀTUKAUTUKA. 180

v3.c52.160

DHĀTUKRIYĀ 181 or Dhātumañjarī 182 by Bhairavānandayogin. 183 This work forms part of the Rudrayāmala, is in the form of a dialogue between Mahādeva (i.e., Śiva) and Pārvatī, and deals with alchemy, not with iatrochemistry.

v3.c52.161

Many synonyms of the metals occur in this text. Zinc is designated by the terms jāsattva, jarātīta, rājata, yaśadākaya, rūpyabhrātar, varīya, troṭaka, carmaka, kharpara, rasaka, rasavardhaka, etc. 184

v3.c52.162

The upadhātus mentioned, together with their synonyms, are: haritāla, manaḥśilā, abhraka, and somala or malla. 185 Other substances mentioned, together with their synonyms, are: muktā (pearl), vidruma (coral), kūrmapṛṣṭha (tortoiseshell), śaṅkha, śuktikā, gajadanta (ivory), śikhipiccha (peacock’s feathers), nakha and keśa (nails and hair). 186

v3.c52.163

Many geographical names appear in the verses devoted to the places where various substances are found. 187 Some of these names are: Gautamādri (149), Gayādri (149), 188 Kāmarūpa (141; 144), 189 Kāmboja (146), Kedāra (148), 190 Kumbhādri (146), Laṅkā (121), 191 Lihādri (149), Malādri (144), Mlecchadeśa (144), Nalādri (149), Nepāla (144; 147), 192 Niṣkala (149), Pāvakādri (145), Sindhudeśa (141), Tripura (148), and Tryambaka (148; 150). 193

v3.c52.164

Various operations resulting in the production of artificial gold and silver are described, as well as several procedures to make substances which resemble these noble metals. The accumulation of wealth (dhanasampatti) is an important subject in this treatise.

v3.c52.165

Among the foreign countries, mentioned in the verses on the origin of copper and zinc, figure Rūmadeśa and Phiraṅgaka, 194 which, together with the mention of phiraṅgaroga, indicates that this work is posterior to the sixteenth century. 195

v3.c52.166

A Bhairavānanda, who need not be the author of the Dhātukriyā, is mentioned in the Bhāvaprakāśa, 196 Bheṣajasamhitā, 197 Bṛhadyogataraṅgiṇī, 198 Rasasamketakalikā, 199 and Rasayogasāgara. 200

v3.c52.167

Bhairavānandayogin is referred to in the Rasakāmadhenu 201 and Rasaratnasamuccaya. 202

v3.c52.168

A master magician called Bheravāṇanda (= Bhairavānanda) figures in Rājaśekhara's Karpūramañjarī. 203

v3.c52.169

DHĀTUMAÑJARĪ, anonymous. 204 DHĀTUMAÑJARĪ by Sadāśiva. 205 DHĀTULAKṢAṆA, ascribed to Nārada. 206 DHĀTUMĀRAṆA. 207 DHĀTUNIDĀNA. 208 DHĀTUPADDHATI. 209 DHĀTUPADHĀTUBHASMAKRIYĀ. 210 DHĀTUPARĪKṢĀ. 211 DHĀTUPRAKARAṆA. 212 DHĀTURASĀYANA. 213 DHĀTURATNAMĀLĀ, anonymous. 214

v3.c52.170

DHĀTURATNAMĀLĀ by Devadatta, son of Hari. 215 This text is sometimes regarded as forming part of the Aśvinīkumārasamhitā. 216 It describes in 184 verses the characteristics (lakṣaṇa), purification, killing, and medicinal properties (guṇa) of the dhātus and upadhātus. 217 The substances dealt with are: raupya, hema, tāmra, nāga, vaṅga, ayas or loha, kharpara, 218 abhraka, mauktika, 219 pravāla, tālaka, śilā, mākṣika, gandhaka, sūta (mercury), and hīraka.

v3.c52.171

Noteworthy is the distinction of four types of loha (58–59ab: brāhma = vāḍava, kṣatriya, vaiśya = kāntaloha, śūdra = maṇḍūra), two types of kharpara (81: jasada = zinc, and sattvaka), three types of abhraka (89: nāga, vajra, dardura), 220 two types of mauktika (113: sāmudra and hastikumbhaka), and two types of gandhaka (136: guṇika and amlasāraka).

v3.c52.172

A vernacular term used by the author is sera. 221 Noteworthy names of plants are gajavāruṇī (151), kalajātika (153), tilvaṇī (152), and sārapuṣpā (152).

v3.c52.173

The Dhāturatnamālā is one of the sources of the Pāradasamhitā, which quotes it.

v3.c52.174

The treatise is assigned to the fourteenth, 222 sixteenth, 223 eighteenth, 224 or nineteenth century. 225 One of the MSS 226 dates, however, from A.D. 1660/61.

v3.c52.175

DHĀTURATNĀVALĪ. 227 DHĀTURATNĀVALĪ by Siddhadeva. 228

v3.c52.176

DHĀTUŚODHANA. 229 DHĀTUŚODHANA or Candracakorikā. 230 DHĀTUŚODHANA by Mallinātha. 231 DHĀTUŚODHANAMĀRAṆAVIDHI. 232 DHĀTUŚODHANAPRAKRIYĀ. 233 DHĀTUŚUDDHI. 234

v3.c52.177

DHĀTUŚUDDHIPRAKARAṆA: 235 a work dealing with the purification of various substances in order to make them suitable to be used in medicinal preparations. 236

v3.c52.178

DHĀTUTPATTI by Ṭhakkura Pherū. 237 This treatise, written in Prakrit, consists of fifty-seven verses. The subjects are: pittali or pittala (6–7); tambaya (= tāmra; 8–10); sīsaya (= sīsa; 11–13); raṅgaya (= raṅga; 14); kamsa(ya) (= kāṃsya; 15); pārada (16–19); hiṅgulaya (= hiṅgula; 20–22); sindūra (23–27); the worship of dakṣiṇāvartaśaṅkha, 238 rudrākṣa and śāligrāma (28–44); karpūra (45–46); agara (= aguru; 47–50); candana (51–54); mṛganābhi (musk; 55); kuṅkuma (56); dhūpas (perfumes; 57).

v3.c52.179

Amber (kaharavva) was known to Ṭhakkura Pherū. 239

v3.c52.180

The Dhātutpatti may be an extract from Ṭhakkura Pherū's Bhūgarbhaprakāśa, a work on mining and metallurgy. 240

v3.c52.181

DHĀTUVĀDA. 241

v3.c52.182

DHĀTUVĀDA(-UPADEŚA) 242 by Na-li. 243 This short treatise, lost in the original Sanskrit, was translated into Tibetan under the title of Gser-hgyur-gyi rći(-hi gdams-pa). 244 It forms part of the Rgyud-hgrel (Tantravṛtti) section of the Tanjur.

v3.c52.183

The Dhātuvāda 245 describes in fourteen verses methods to transmute base metals into gold. One of the substances employed is mahāmāmsa (śa-chen). 246 Kuṣṭha (ru-rta), which grows in the Himālaya, is depicted as a plant from the leaves of which drips a fluid having the colour of gold.

v3.c52.184

DHĀTUVĀDAPRAKARAṆA by Soma. This is a treatise in Prakrit, consisting of twenty-five verses, forming an appendix to Soma's Ratnaparīkṣā, and giving an account of the transmutation of copper into gold. It may date from the fourteenth century. 247

v3.c52.185

DIVYARASENDRASĀRA by Dattātreya. 248 DIVYARASENDRASĀRA by Dhanapati. 249 DIVYAUṢADHIKALPA. 250 DIVYAUṢADHIPRAKARAṆA. 251 DIVYAUṢADHYADHIKĀRA by Govindācārya. 252 DVĀDAŚARTHANIRŪPAṆA by Bāhaṭācārya. 253 GANDHAKABHṚṄGARĀJAKALPA. 254

v3.c52.186

GANDHAKAKALPA: 255 said to form part of chapter twenty-eight of the Rudrayāmala, 256 and to deal with the medical properties of sulphur and the preparation of medicines from it;²⁵⁷ it is one of the sources of the Pāradasamhitā.

v3.c52.187

GANDHAKAKALPĀDISAMGRAHA.²⁵⁸ GANDHAKALPA.²⁵⁹ GANDHAKARASĀYANA.²⁶⁰ GANDHAKASATTVA.²⁶¹ GANDHAKAVARJATĀNIRṆAYA.²⁶² GAṄGĀDHARARASAVIDHI.²⁶³

v3.c52.188

GAURĪKAṄCALIKĀTANTRA.²⁶⁴ This treatise, in the form of a dialogue between Īśvara and Devī,²⁶⁵ consists of 355 verses.²⁶⁶ Subjects dealt with are: 267 kālajñāna (24–79); ṛtubheda (81–87);²⁶⁸ citrakalpa (88–92);²⁶⁹ maṇḍūkaparṇikalpa (93–95);²⁷⁰ punarnavākalpa (96–100);²⁷¹ nirguṇīkalpa (101–120);²⁷² hastikarṇakalpa (121–137);²⁷³ śvetārkakalpa (138–150);²⁷⁴ bhṛṅgarājakalpa (151–154);²⁷⁵ kāchalākalpa (155);²⁷⁶ amlalonīkalpa (156–157);²⁷⁷ śalmalikalpa (158–167); abhayākalpa (168–172); the treatment²⁷⁸ of jvara (180–200), bahumūtra (201–202), mūtraṛcchra (203–205), bindu(srāva)kṣaya (a deficient amount of ejaculated semen; 206–209), kuraṇḍa and galagaṇḍa (210–214), bhagandara (215), kāmalā (216), vaivarṇya (217),²⁷⁹ kāsa and śvāsa (218–220), yakṣman and kṣaya (221–223), nāsāraktasrava (nosebleeds; 224), arśas (225–226), karṇaśūla (227–229), netraroga (230–233), śiroroga (234–235), dantaroga (237–239), atisāra (240–242), śūla (243–246),²⁸⁰ vicarcikā (247), kuṣṭha (248–254), plīharoga (255), visphoṭaka (256–257), arbuda (258), agnidagdhavraṇa (259–260), śīlpada (261–263), nidrākṣaya (insomnia; 264–266), and nidrā (267–271); adṛśya (making oneself invisible; 272–275); nidhidarśana (the discovery of hidden treasures; 276–277); dehadurgandha (the removal of a bad bodily smell), kānti, puṣṭi, etc. (283–290); vaśīkaraṇa, mohana, vājīkaraṇa, stambhana, etc. (309–355). The Gaurīkaṅcalikātantra is quoted in Jñānasarāmaśarman’s Anupānadarpaṇa. The treatise is sometimes said to belong to the sixteenth century.²⁸¹

v3.c52.189

GOVINDASIDDHĀNTA.²⁸² GUṬIKĀRASACIKITSĀ.²⁸³ HARĪSIDDHĀNTA.²⁸⁴ HARĪSVARATANTRA.²⁸⁵ HIṄGULAPRAKARAṆA by Vinayasāgara Upādhyāya.²⁸⁶ JĀRAṆAMĀRAṆĀDI.²⁸⁷ JVARANIVĀRAṆABHASMAVIDHĀNA.²⁸⁸ JVARĀṄKUŚASAMJĪVANARASĀDI.²⁸⁹ JVARĀṄKUŚAVIDHĀNA.²⁹⁰ KĀDAMBAKALPA by Īśvara.²⁹¹

v3.c52.190

KAILĀSAKĀRAKA: a work in the form of a dialogue between Śiva and Pārvatī, dealing with the purification of mercury and its uses in medicinal preparations.²⁹²

v3.c52.191

KALPADRUMASĀRASAMGRAHA by Jayarāmagiri, pupil of Caitanyagiri: a work on mercurial preparations in a mixture of Sanskrit and Hindī.²⁹³

v3.c52.192

KĀMADHENUTANTRA.²⁹⁴ KANAKASINDŪRARASAVIDHI.²⁹⁵

v3.c52.193

KĀPĀLIKATANTRA.²⁹⁶ Kāpālika is mentioned as one of the Rasasiddhas in Caturbhuja’s commentary on the Rasahṛdaya (1.7), the Pāradasamhitā (1.98), Rasaratnākara,²⁹⁷ Rasaratnasamuccaya (1.4; 6.52), and Rasataraṅgiṇī (1.29–32); he is a Mahāsiddha in Svātmārāma’s Haṭhayogapradīpikā (1.8).²⁹⁸ One of the sixty-four Siddhas, Kāhnūpāda or Kṛṣṇapāda, pupil of Jālandharanātha, called himself Kāpālika.²⁹⁹ Kāpālikayogas are repeatedly described in the Rasārṇava.

v3.c52.194

KĀPĀLISIDDHĀNTA.³⁰⁰ Kāpāli(n) is mentioned in the Ratnākarausadhayogagrantha, Revaṇasiddha’s Virabhattīya, the Sarvadarśanasamgraha, and the Vaidyaśāstrapravartakāryanāmasamuccaya. Kāpālin forms part of the group of Rasasiddhas in Caturbhuja’s commentary on the Rasahṛdaya (1.7), the Pāradasamhitā (1.96) and the Rasaratnasamuccaya (1.2); he is one of the Mahāsiddhas in Svātmārāma’s Haṭhayogapradīpikā (1.7). Kāpāli is a Rasasiddha in the Raseśvarasiddhānta.³⁰¹ Kāpālin is credited with the Rasarājamahodadhi. Kāpālin, Kāpālin and Kāpālika may designate one and the same person.³⁰² G. Haldār regards Kāpāli as a Śaka king, who was the son of Vāsudeva and teacher of Kaṇḍalāyana;³⁰³ he places him in the second or third century.³⁰⁴

v3.c52.195

KHAṆḌASIDDHĀNTA.³⁰⁵ Khaṇḍa is one of the Rasasiddhas in the Pāradasamhitā, Rasajalanidhi, Rasaratnākara, and Rasaratnasamuccaya. Caturbhuja’s commentary on the Rasahṛdaya (1.7) mentions Khaṇḍin instead of Khaṇḍa as a Rasasiddha. The Haṭhayogapradīpikā (1.8) refers to Khaṇḍa as one of the Mahāsiddhas.

v3.c52.196

KHECARĪVIDYĀ, ascribed to Ādinātha.³⁰⁶ This small treatise in four chapters and 285 verses begins with praising itself (1.1–28), followed by an account of the khecarīmantra (1.29–40); the remaining part of chapter one is devoted to the preparations for and practice of the khecarīmudrā (1.41–74).³⁰⁷ Chapter two, the longest, describes the siddhis, the subtle body, the cakras, etc.; a portion of this chapter (2.81–97) deals with the effects of Haṭhayoga processes on the doṣas. Chapter three discusses the raising of the Kuṇḍalinī, her union with Śiva, and the realization by the practitioner of bodily liberation. Chapter four is about divine herbs (divyauṣadhi), necessary for the attainment of siddhis, and on the consumption of mercury, sulphur, realgar and orpiment. The Khecarīvidyā calls itself in its colophons a portion of a treatise called Mahākālayogaśāstra.³⁰⁸ A work of this title is referred to by two mediaeval commentators³⁰⁹ as concerned with Haṭhayoga. The Khecarīvidyā itself is cited by works called Mahākāla and Mārtaṇḍaviveka. The latter is the Yogamārtaṇḍa or Vivekamārtaṇḍa of Gorakṣanātha; the former, if not the Mahākālayogaśāstra itself, may be the Mahākālasamhitā, attributed to Ādinātha.³¹⁰

v3.c52.197

³¹⁰ ...

v3.c52.198

The first chapter of the *Khecarīvidyā* is often reproduced as the second chapter of the *Yogakuṇḍalyupaniṣad*.³¹¹

v3.c52.199

³¹¹ ...

v3.c52.200

Since three verses of the *Khecarīvidyā* are reproduced in the fifteenth-century *Haṭhayogapradīpikā* of Svātmārāma, the former may date from the fourteenth century.

v3.c52.201

KRAVYĀDIRASANIRMĀṆAVIDHI.³¹² KṚTRIMARASAYOGAVICĀRA.³¹³

First 200 of 788 passages. Read on

Linked texts (82)