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A History of Indian Medical Literature v4.c63: Part 10

A History of Indian Medical Literature v4.c63

Language
English

Contents

Part 10

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1 NCC II, 97–98. Check-list Nr. 17. STMI 437: erroneously called *Ānandakāṇḍa*, ascribed to Bhairava(datta). Cat. Mysore XIII, Nrs. 41340–41. Cat. Tanjore Nrs. 11035 (complete) and 11036 (incomplete; the text differs from that of Nr. 11035). A.B. Keith (1935): 1502 (Nr. 8050). R. Nambiyar (1950): 1292–93 (Serial Nr. 30, Accession Nr. 13490). Editions: *a published in instalments in *Āyurveda Mahāsammelan Patrikā*; dates unknown to me. *b *Ānandakandam*, Edited with Translation in Tamil, and Introduction in Tamil and Sanskrit by Sri S.V. Radhakrishna Sastri, Tanjore Saraswathi Mahal Series No. 15, Tanjore 1952 (the introduction in Tamil and the Tamil translation are absent from my copy); this edition is based on the Tanjore MS, one of the Mysore MSS, and a MS in the possession of V.B. Naṭarājaśāstrī (see the bhūmikā to ed. b, 1). *c published in *Sri Dhanwantari*, a Telugu monthly medical journal; dates unknown to me. Chapters one, seventeen and nineteen were translated into English by B. Rama Rao (BIHM 1, 1/2, 1971, 10–16; 2, 3, 1972, 121–129). References are to ed. b.

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2 See on Bhairava, for example: E. Chalier-Visuvalingam (1996); T.A. Gopinatha Rao (1971): II, 1, 177; S. Kramrisch (1981): 250–265; P. Pal (1981): 104–106; A. Roşu (1997b): 410; H. von Stietencron (1969); M. and J. Stutley (1977): 41. The Bhairavas are terrific forms of Śiva, eight or sixty-four in number; see on them: M.L.B. Blom (1989): 19–29; H.C. Das (1981): 27–29; D. Heilijgers-Seelen (1994; see index); G.S. Nepali (1965): 298–305. Bhairava is mentioned as an authority in the *Rasaratnasamuccaya* (4.32) and *Rasendracūḍāmaṇi* (6.3; 12.25 and 28).

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3 See on Bhairavī, for example: D. Kinsley (1997); M. and J. Stutley (1971): 41; P. Pal (1981): 76–79.

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4 Compare on the contents: K. Vasudeva Sastri's (English) Introduction to ed. b, the Sanskrit bhūmikā to ed. b; S.C. Banerji (1992): 568–573; B. Rama Rao (1971b); D.G. White (1996): 167–169.

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5 *Ānandakanda* I.2.5–7ab = *Rasārṇava* 2.4cd–6.

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6 *Ānandakanda* I.5.2–9 = *Rasārṇava* 11.90–98.

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7 *Ānandakanda* I.5.10–16ab = *Rasārṇava* 11.99–107.

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8 *Ānandakanda* I.5.16cd–20 = *Rasārṇava* 11.108–112.

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9 *Ānandakanda* I.5.21–33ab = *Rasārṇava* 11.113–124.

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10 *Ānandakanda* I.5.33cd–45 = *Rasārṇava* 11.125–137.

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11 *Ānandakanda* I.5.46–52 = *Rasārṇava* 11.138–144.

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12 *Ānandakanda* I.5.53–62 = *Rasārṇava* 11.145–154.

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13 *Ānandakanda* I.5.63–65 = *Rasārṇava* 11.155–157.

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14 Compare *Āyurvedaprakāśa* 1.259–262 and *Rasārṇava* 11.52–54.

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15 Compare *Ānandakanda* II.5.

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¹⁶ Compare *Ānandakanda* I.4.174–187.

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¹⁷ Absent from the *Rasayogasāgara*. Compare *Rasendramaṅgala* 4.261 and 341 (bhūtakālā-

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ntakabandha). 18 Compare Kākaṇḍīśvarakalapatantra (16). 19 Compare Bhāvaprakāśa I.4.317–322. 20 Compare Kākaṇḍīśvarakalapatantra (37: vandākalpa). 21 Ānandakanda 24.1–178 = Rasārṇava 15.1–190. 22 This chapter largely agrees with Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 4. Its contents conflict occasionally with those of chapter four (see Rādhākṛṣṇaśāstrī’s bhūmikā to the edition, 15). 23 This chapter is absent from the Mysore MS (see Rādhākṛṣṇaśāstrī’s bhūmikā to the edition, 15). 24 Compare Ānandakanda I.7.143cd–189ab. 25 The same as bodāraśṛṅgaka. 26 The same as ahiphena (i.e., opium). 27 Compare on kāntaloha: Ānandakanda I.7.83–140ab. 28 See on vartaloha: R. Garbe (1974): 40. 29 Compare on abhrakasattva: Ānandakanda I.4.174–187. 30 Compare Ānandakanda I.7.1–49ab. 31 It is also quoted in a net on Yoga (see NCC II, 97). 32 Compare on special features of the Ānandakanda the bhūmikā to ed. b. 33 The verse is almost identical with Rasārṇava 10.17, which has akampa instead of vikampa; Rasasāra 17.7 mentions sakampa as one of the five avasthās. 34 This is the usual series, but malagati is called kiṭṭanibhā gatiḥ in the Ānandakanda. 35 This long series is peculiar to the Ānandakanda; the bhūmikā to ed. b (17) mentions a number of fifteen naisargikadoṣas. 36 The majority of these names are not found elsewhere. 37 The yaugikadoṣas are usually two in number: nāga and vaṅga; the Ānandakanda is the only treatise mentioning viṣa as a yaugikadoṣa. 38 Ānandakanda I.2.122–123 = Rasārṇava 2.57–58; the Krāmikā of the Ānandakanda is called Kṣārikā in the Rasārṇava. Compare Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 2.28–29. 39 See about them, for example: K.K. Handiqui (1949): 397–398. Cf. I B, 105, n.129. 40 See about them, for example: H.C. Das (1981); V. Dehejia (1986); K.K. Handiqui (1949): 396–397; V.W. Karambelkar (1955); P. Pal (1981): 52–55; Vṛddhatrayī 334–335. 41 This rasasandhyā is a Dravidian element according to Rādhākṛṣṇaśāstrī (see his bhūmikā to the edition, 14). 42 See on these types of dīkṣā: H. Brunner-Lachaux (1963), (1975). 43 Compare the list of Nāthas in G.W. Briggs (1973): 136–137 and D.G. White (1996): 90–93. 44 Ādinātha is often regarded as Śiva himself (Haṭhayogapradīpikā 1.1; see T. Michaël, 1974: 79 and 84; F. Nowotny, 1976: 120). He is a Mahāsiddha in the Haṭhayogapradīpikā (1.5). See on Ādinātha: G.W. Briggs (1973). 45 See on Minanātha, who is the same as Matsyendranātha: G.W. Briggs (1973); H.C. Das (1981): 23; S. Das Gupta (1969): 198–199, 382–387; M. Eliade (1960): 305–308; V.W. Karambelkar (1955); S. Lienhard (1978): 160–162; J.K. Locke (1980); K. Mallik (1954): 9–10, 14–18; G.S. Nepali (1965): 315–321, 369–376; F. Nowotny (1976): 21–23, 32–35; D. Sensharma (1994): 16–42; D.G. White (1996; see index). Matsyendra is a Mahāsiddha in the Haṭhayogapradīpikā (1.5). 46 See: Gorakṣa.

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47 See on this name: D.G. White (1996): 87–89. 48 See G.W. Briggs (1973): Jālandharnāth, Jālandharipā, Jālandharapa or Jālandhari is one of the eighty-four Siddhas in Abhayadatta’s Caturāśītisiddhapravṛtti, where his biography is described; he was the guru of Tantipā and Kāṇhapā; some works of the Tanjur are ascribed to him (see J.B. Robinson, 1979). See also on him: S. Das Gupta (1969): 198, 391–392; A. Grünwedel (1970): 58–69; K. Mallik (1954): 3–5, 14; G. Unbescheid (1980): 130–142; D.G. White (1996; see index). 49 Compare Kanthaḍī (Haṭhayogapradīpikā 1.6) and Kanthaḍī (Caturbhuja’s commentary ad Rasahṛdaya 1.7; Pāradasaṃhitā 1.100). See on Kanthaḍī: Mohan Singh (1937): 18, 20–22; D.G. White (1996). See also G. W. Briggs (1973) on the Kaṇṭaḍnāthīs. Kanthaḍī may be the same as Siddha Kantali (see J.B. Robinson, 1979). 50 See on this name: D.G. White (1996): 88. 51 Also mentioned in the list of Siddhas. Cauraṅgin is a Mahāsiddha in the Haṭhayogapradīpikā (1.5). Cauraṅgi is one of the eighty-four Siddhas (see A. Grünwedel, 1970: 121–122, 178–179; J.B. Robinson, 1979: 52, 54–56, 292; Sempa Dorje, 1998: 34–35 and 46–49). See on Cauraṅgi: K. Mallik (1954): 6; F. Nowotny (1976): 24–26; Mohan Singh (1937): 20; D.G. White (1996). 52 See on this list: D.G. White (1996): 86–89. 53 Also mentioned in the list of Nāthas. 54 Often mentioned as a Rasasiddha and a Siddha. See Carpaṭisiddhānta. 55 Ghoḍacolī or Ghoḍacolin is a Rasasiddha in Caturbhuja’s commentary on the Rasahṛdaya (1.7); he is a Mahāsiddha in the Haṭhayogapradīpikā (1.8). See on him: D.G. White (1996). 56 Rāma is a Rasasiddha in the Rasajalanidhi (III, 389–390; compare Rasajalanidhi V, Intr. XXII–XXIV). 57 See: Vyaḍi. 58 See: Nāgārjuna. 59 Koraṇḍaka is a Rasasiddha in the Pāradasaṃhitā (1.100); Koraṇṭaka is a Mahāsiddha in the Haṭhayogapradīpikā (1.6), a Rasasiddha in Caturbhuja’s commentary ad Rasahṛdaya 1.7. 60 See on this name: D.G. White (1996): 86–87. 61 Compare Revaṇa’s Vīrabhaṭṭīya and Rasarājalakṣmī. See also: D.G. White (1996). 62 Probably the same as Kukkuripā, one of the eighty-four Siddhas (see: B. Bhattacharya, 1968: Sādhanamālā: II, Intr. CII–CIII; A. Hermann-Pfandt, 1992: 285–290; J.B. Robinson, 1979; Sempa Dorje, 1998: 99–100 and 139–141; D.L. Snellgrove, 1957: 297). 63 Compare Kaṇerī and Kanerī. 64 Ānandakanda I.6.21 = Rasaratnākara IV.1.5cd–6ab; 25 = IV.1.6cd–7ab. 65 The Rasārṇava (6.40–48) distinguishes the same five types. 66 These formulae are absent from the Rasayogasāgara. 67 These pills are one of the distinctive elements of the Ānandakanda. 68 Compare Rasaratnākara, Rasāyanakhaṇḍa 8, which is closely related to Ānandakanda 12. 69 The kalpas described are: brahmavṛkṣataila-, brahmavṛkṣapallava-, brahmavṛkṣapuṣpa-, brahmavṛkṣabīja-, brahmavṛkṣavalka-la-, brahmavṛkṣaniryāsa-, brahmavṛkṣapañcāṅga-, brahmavṛkṣamūlakalpa, and guptadhātrikalpa. Compare the brahma(vṛkṣa)kalpa of the Kākaṇḍīśvarakalapatantra (11) and Rasaratnākara (IV.4.44–59). 70 Śvetabrahmavṛkṣa is the same as śvetapalāśa (see the text). Compare the śvetapalāśakalpa of the Kākaṇḍīśvarakalapatantra (12) and Rasaratnākara (IV.4.60–63).

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71 Compare the muṇḍikalpa of the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (29) and Rasaratnākara (IV.4. 64–66). 72 Compare the devadālikalpa of the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (47), Rasaratnākara (IV.4. 67–72), Rasārṇava (12.179–182), and Rasārṇavakalpa (517–545). 73 Compare the śvetārkakalpa of the Gaurīkāñcalikātantra (138–150), Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (44), Rasaratnākara (IV.4.73–75) and Rasārṇavakalpa (302–322). 74 Compare the hastikarṇakalpa of the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (6). 75 Compare the rudantīkalpa of the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (39) and Rasaratnākara (IV.4. 80–84ab), as well as the rudravantīkalpa of the Rasārṇavakalpa (591–603). 76 Compare Gaurīkāñcalikātantra (101–120) and Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (23). 77 Compare Rasaratnākara IV.4.101–107ab. 78 Seven varieties of pathyā (= harītakī) are described: vijayā, rohiṇī, pūtā, trivṛtā, amṛtā, jīvantī, and abhayā, growing in Vindhyadeśa, Kānyakubja, Saurāṣṭra, the Himālaya, the banks of the Ganges, Kāśmīra, and Vainyadeśa respectively (I.15.140cd–143ab). 79 Compare Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (34). 80 Compare Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (26). 81 Treatments with pippalivardhamāna are described. 82 Compare Gaurīkāñcalikātantra (88–92) and Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (30). 83 Compare Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra: bhūkadambakalpa (45). 84 Compare Gaurīkāñcalikātantra 96–100. 85 Compare Gaurīkāñcalikātantra (151–154) and Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (25). 86 Compare Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (7). 87 Compare Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (28) and Rasārṇavakalpa 251–256. 88 Compare Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (15) and Rasārṇavakalpa 242–250. 89 Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 261–301. 90 Four varieties of guggulu are distinguished: kumuda, padmaka, mahiṣākṣa and hemākhya (305cd–306). 91 This kalpa, the longest of the series, describes the origin of vijayā (Cannabis sativa Linn.), its varieties, names, characteristics and uses, nine disorders caused by its abuse, and the treatment of these disorders. The female and male plants are described; the author of the treatise was acquainted with the intoxicating properties of the female plants; gañjā is one of the synonyms of vijayā. See on the vijayākalpa of the Ānandakanda: Bhagwan Dash (1978): 141–157. See on the history of Cannabis in India: G.J. Meulenbeld (1989). 92 Twenty-four varieties of somalatā are mentioned; several regions are enumerated where the plant grows; some of these localities are the mountains called Arbuda, Devagiri, Devasaha, Malaya, Mahendra, Prabhāsa (to the north of the river Vitastā), Sahya, Śrīparvata, Tuṣāra, and Vindhya, and the lakes called Devasūtahrada, Kṣudramānasa (in Kaśmīr) and Sindhuhrada (in Pāñcāla) (524 and 527–530). A complicated and protracted treatment is described, resulting in rasāyana; kuṭīpraveśa, known from the Carakasamhitā, is one of its essential elements. 93 Tuvaraka is said to grown near the western ocean (I.15.588). 94 Compare Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (38) and Rasārṇavakalpa 604–611. 95 Compare Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (4). 96 This vandākalpa is one of the Dravidian elements of the Ānandakanda according to Rādhākṛṣṇaśāstrī (see his bhūmikā to the edition, 14). Compare the vandākalpa of the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra.

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97 Ānandakanda 23.244–260 = Rasārṇava 12.3–23. Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 78–96ab. 98 Ānandakanda 23.261–269ab = Rasārṇava 12.24–35. Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 96cd–10. 99 Ānandakanda 23.269cd–286ab = Rasārṇava 12.36–51. Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 104–114. 100 Ānandakanda 23.286cd–289ab = Rasārṇava 12.52–57. Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 115–120. 101 Ānandakanda 23.289cd–295ab = Rasārṇava 12.58–64. Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 121–129. 102 Ānandakanda 23.295cd–310ab = Rasārṇava 12.65–78 (harīndarī, turasimhanī). Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 130–138 (harīndarī). 103 Ānandakanda 23.315–316ab = Rasārṇava 12.84–85. Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 143–144ab. 104 Ānandakanda 23.338–341ab = Rasārṇava 12.109–111. Compare the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (43) and Rasārṇavakalpa 163cd–165 and 492–500. 105 Ānandakanda 23.341cd–346 = Rasārṇava 12.112–116 (uccaṭī). Compare the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (2) and Rasārṇavakalpa 415–437. 106 Compare Rasārṇava 12.117–121 and Rasārṇavakalpa 182–184. 107 Ānandakanda 23.349–355 = Rasārṇava 12.122–128. 108 Ānandakanda 23.356–365ab = Rasārṇava 12.132–140. Compare the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (30) and Rasārṇavakalpa 185–190. 109 Ānandakanda 23.365cd–370 = Rasārṇava 12.143–148. Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 173–176 and 261–301. 110 Ānandakanda 23.371–377ab = Rasārṇava 12.149–155 (dagdhāroha). Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 177–181. 111 Ānandakanda 23.377cd–380ab = Rasārṇava 12.156–159. Compare the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (40) and Rasārṇavakalpa 565–578. 112 Ānandakanda 23.380cd–386 = Rasārṇava 12.160–165. 113 Ānandakanda 23.387–392ab = Rasārṇava 12.166–169. Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 193–195. 114 Ānandakanda 23.392cd–398 = Rasārṇava 12.172–178. 115 Ānandakanda 23.399–402 = Rasārṇava 12.179–182. Compare the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (47) and Rasārṇavakalpa 517–545. 116 Ānandakanda 23.403–408 = Rasārṇava 12.183–188. Compare Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (35). 117 Ānandakanda 23.409–417ab = Rasārṇava 12.202–210. 118 Ānandakanda 23.417cd–428ab = Rasārṇava 12.189–200. Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 702–729. 119 Ānandakanda 23.428cd–446ab = Rasārṇava 12.212–231. Compare Rasārṇavakalpa 730–745. 120 Ānandakanda 23.446cd–466 = Rasārṇava 12.231–258. 121 Ānandakanda 23.467–480ab = Rasārṇava 12.259–276. 122 Ānandakanda 23.480cd–527ab = Rasārṇava 12.277–327. Compare the Kācacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra (8) and Rasārṇavakalpa 746–756. 123 Ānandakanda 23.527cd–557 = Rasārṇava 12.328–357. 124 Ānandakanda 23.558–584ab = Rasārṇava 12.358–382. 125 Ānandakanda 23.584cd–597ab = Rasārṇava 13.2–14; 597cd–599 = 13.16–17; 600–790ab = 14.1–174.

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126 See Rasārṇava 13 and 14. 127 See Rādhākṛṣṇaśāstrī’s bhūmikā to the edition (21). 128 Ānandakanda I.26.1–91ab = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 5.5–94, but the descriptions of the khaivayantra and dolāyantra disagree with this source. Compare Rasakāmadhenu I.1.8 and Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 5.5–10ab with Ānandakanda I.26. 1cd–10ab (khalvayantra), Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 5.3–4 with Ānandakanda I.26.100–101ab. 129 Compare Ānandakanda I.26.135cd–139ab. 130 This description is also found in the Rasakāmadhenu (I.1.29) and Rasaratnasamuccaya (9. 10). 131 Different from the koṣṭhikāyantra described at 26.66–75. 132 Different from the garbhayantra described at 26.43–45ab. The description is reminiscent of Devendragiri’s garbhayantra (see Rasakāmadhenu I.1.58–60ab). 133 Ānandakanda I.26.107–108 = Rasārṇava 4.28–29. 134 The description is attributed to Siddha Nāgārjuna. 135 Different from the vālukāyantra described at 26.76. The description agrees more or less with Rasakāmadhenu I.1.49–52ab and Rasaratnasamuccaya 9.33–35. 136 Different from I.26.77ab. The description is closely related to Rasaratnasamuccaya 9.37– 39. 137 The description agrees with Rasaratnasamuccaya 9.41. 138 Different from I.26.90cd–91ab. 139 The description agrees with Rasaratnasamuccaya 9.42. 140 Different from the description at I.26.91cd–93ab. 141 Different from the description at I.26.77cd–84ab. 142 Two descriptions, which differ from I.26.22–23. 143 Ānandakanda I.26.148ab–178 = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 5.95–126. 144 Compare I.26.156. The description resembles Rasakāmadhenu I.1.75. 145 Ānandakanda I.26.181–184ab = Rasārṇava 4.38–41 (prakāśa and andhamūṣā). 146 Ānandakanda I.26.184cd–185ab = Rasārṇava 4.42–43. 147 The description resembles Rasakāmadhenu I.1.76. 148 Ānandakanda I.26.201cd–218ab = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 5.127–143. 149 Ānandakanda I.26.218cd–237 = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 5.144–262. 150 Compare Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 3.22cd. 151 Ānandakanda I.26.239 = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 3.23 (caṣaka instead of caṣaka, kaṭorī instead of kathorī, vāṭikā instead of cāṭikā, ghoṭikā instead of khorikā, kacolī instead of kañcolī). 152 The presence of abhrasattva (probably aluminium) in this list is unique. 153 Kāntaka is the same as sphaṭika (see II.8.176ab). 154 This list presents some unusual features. 155 Unidentified. 156 I.e., ahiphena (opium). 157 The terms sābuṇa and sābuṇī are also found in the Rasaratnākara (IV.5.29 and III.8.118). 158 Mentioned in the Rasaratnākara (III.8.129). 159 Compare Ānandakanda I.15.305cd–306, where four varieties are mentioned (nīlaka is omitted). 160 Loṇāra is also mentioned in the Rasārṇavakalpa (470). 161 See on abhrasattvadruti: Ānandakanda I.7.183cd–185ab. 162 See N. Dey (1979): 207.

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163 See N.N. Bhattacharyya (1991): 255; N.Dey (1979): 161–162. 164 N. Dey (1979): 127: Mātaṅga, a country to the southeast of Kāmarūpa, was celebrated for its diamond mines. 165 Probably the same as Śūrpāraka; see N.N. Bhattacharyya (1991: 282) and N. Dey (1979: 197–198). 166 The river Kāverī (see 8.52). 167 Compare Yuktikalpataru, hīrakaparīkṣā 40–41 (p.96). 168 Usually a name of the emerald. 169 This number is not accidental; compare the sixty-four Siddhas and Yoginīs. 170 The Ānandakanda gives a series of synonyms; 9.12 = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.6. 171 Ānandakanda II.9.25cd–26ab = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.7. 172 Compare Ānandakanda I.23.349–355 (sthalapadminīkalpa). 173 Ānandakanda II.9.31 (gonasā) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.11. 174 Compare Ānandakanda I.23.341cd–346 (uccaṭākalpa). 175 Ānandakanda II.9.35cd–36ab (īśvarī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.13. 176 Ānandakanda II.9.36cd–37ab (bhūtakeśī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.14. 177 Ānandakanda II.9.37cd–38ab (kṛṣṇalaṭā) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.15. 178 Ānandakanda II.9.38cd–39ab (laśunavallī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.16. 179 Compare Ānandakanda I.15.102–111ab (rudantīkalpa). 180 Ānandakanda II.9.42 (vārāhī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.18. 181 Ānandakanda II.9.43 (saptapattrī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.19. 182 Ānandakanda II.9.44 (nāginī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.20. 183 Ānandakanda II.9.45 (sarpinī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.21. 184 Ānandakanda II.9.46 (chaṭṭriṇī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.22. 185 Ānandakanda II.9.47 (gośṛṅgī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.23. 186 Ānandakanda II.9.48ab (jyotirlatā) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.24ab (raktavallī). 187 Ānandakanda II.9.49cd (raktavallī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.24cd (raktavallī). 188 Ānandakanda II.9.50 (pattravallī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.25. 189 Ānandakanda II.9.51 (kākinī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.26. 190 Ānandakanda II.9.52 (cāṇḍālī) = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.27; the extra verse (II.9.53) is absent from the Rasendracūḍāmaṇi. 191 Compare Ānandakanda I.15.313–499 (vijayākalpa). 192 Compare a second plant of this name, described at II.9.65. 193 Compare Ānandakanda I.23.399–402. 194 Ānandakanda II.9.54–59 = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.28–33. 195 Ānandakanda II.9.60 corresponds to Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.34, where this plant is called raktāṅgī. Compare Rasakāmadhenu I.3.86, which has tumbinī. 196 Ānandakanda II.9.61 agrees with Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.35, where this plant, however, is called lambinī. Compare Rasakāmadhenu I.3.87, which has tumbinī. 197 Ānandakanda II.9.65 (mahauṣadhi) differs from II.9.57, which describes another plant, also called mahauṣadhi. 198 Ānandakanda II.9.62–67 = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.36–41. 199 Ānandakanda II.9.68 = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.42, where this plant is called karaśīvallikā. Compare Rasakāmadhenu I.3.93, which has karaśīvallarī. 200 Ānandakanda II.9.69–73 = Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 6.43–47. Compare Ānandakanda II.9.73 (vajravallī) with I.15.621–623ab (vajravallīkalpa).

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201 *Ānandakanda* II.9.74 corresponds to *Rasendracūḍāmaṇi* 6.48, where this plant is called kṣīravallī. The *Rasakāmadhenu* (I.3.99) has vīravallī or cīravallī.

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202 *Ānandakanda* II.9.75–78 = *Rasendracūḍāmaṇi* 6.49–52.

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203 *Ānandakanda* II.9.79 (akṣarā) corresponds to *Rasendracūḍāmaṇi* 6.53, where this plant is called akṣīrā (a variant reads akṣarā). The *Rasakāmadhenu* (I.3.103) describes it as ajarā.

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204 *Ānandakanda* II.9.20 (apattrā) corresponds to *Rasendracūḍāmaṇi* 6.54, where this plant is called aparṇā.

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205 *Ānandakanda* II.9.81–97 = *Rasendracūḍāmaṇi* 6.55–72.

v4.c63.29

206 The synonyms, varieties, characteristics, properties and actions are listed. Curative properties and alchemical uses are mentioned. Rādhākṛṣṇaśāstrī (bhūmikā to the edition, 14) supposes that chapter ten has been interpolated; it is absent from some of the MSS.

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208 Indravāruṇī and mahendravāruṇī are described (II.10.27–34ab).

v4.c63.31

211 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.15.229–227 (bhṛṅgarājakalpa). Two varieties are described; bhṛṅgarāja and mahābhṛṅga.

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212 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.15.579cd–587 (guḍūcikalpa). Two varieties are distinguished: a form with tubers (kanda) and one without them (II.10.62–66). Kandaguḍūci is also described in the *Dhanvantarīyaṇighaṇṭu*.

v4.c63.33

215 Nākulī and gandhanākulī are described (II.10.83cd–85).

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216 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.23.387–392ab (kṣīrakandakalpa). Two varieties are described.

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217 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.15.111cd–130 (nirguṇḍīkalpa); nirguṇḍī is one of the two varieties of sinduvāra (II.10.90).

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219 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.15.599cd–620 (vṛddhadārukakalpa). Two varieties are described: vṛddhadāruka and jīrṇadāru (II.10.108cd–110ab).

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220 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.15.597–599ab (somarājikalpa); somarājī is one of the names of bākucī (II.10.111cd).

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221 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.15.623cd–626 (tilakṣīriṇīkalpa); tilakṣīriṇī is one of the synonyms of goraksadughdhi (II.10.127cd–128ab).

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222 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.15.97cd–101 (hastikarṇikalpa).

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224 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.15.60cd–70ab (muṇḍīkalpa). Four varieties of muṇḍī are described, which differ in the colour of their flowers, and mahāmuṇḍī (II.10.171–174ab).

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225 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.15.228–245ab (kumārīkalpa).

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226 Compare *Ānandakanda* I.15.628–634 (brāhmīkalpa). Two varieties are described: brāhmī and laghu- or jalabrāhmī (II.10.183–186).

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229 The work is by some scholars ascribed to Mahābhairava, Bhairavanātha (S.K. Śarmā, 1992: 18) or Manthānabhairava (ABI 326; S. Ārya, 1984: 122; AVI 467; C. Dwarkanath, 1991: 43).

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230 Rādhākṛṣṇaśāstrī’s bhūmikā (10–11) to the edition. B. Rama Rao (1971c).

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231 See chapter twelve of the amṛtīkaraṇaviśrānti; this chapter has a parallel in the *Rasaratnākara* and need not be regarded as an original contribution by the author of the *Ānandakanda*.

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232 Dates assigned to the *Ānandakanda* are: between A.D. 850–950 and 1150–1250 (Rādhākṛṣṇaśāstrī’s bhūmikā, 12, to the edition; B. Rama Rao, 1971c); tenth century (Bhagwan Dash, 1978: 142); twelfth century (C. Dwarkanath, 1991: 43; S.K. Śarmā, 1992: 18).

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²³³ *Ānandakanda* I.15.337.

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²³⁴ See Rādhākṛṣṇaśāstrī’s bhūmikā (12–13) to the edition of the *Ānandakanda*. Examples of verses common to *Ānandakanda* and *Rasaratnākara* are: kriyākaraṇaviśrānti 1.14–15 = *Rasaratnākara*, Rasakhaṇḍa 5.5–6; 1.52cd–54ab = 7.2–3; 1.57–58 = 7.6–7; 1.94–100ab = 7.20–26.

v4.c63.49

Āyurvedaprakāśa

v4.c63.50.1

1 CC I, 52, 449, 774; II, 10 and 189 (Āyurvedaprakāśa); III, 71 (Pākāvalī). NCC II, 152–153 (Āyurvedaprakāśa); XII, 3 (Pākāvalī). Check-list Nrs. 110 (Āyurvedaprakāśa) and 536 (Pākāvalī). STMI 120 (Āyurvedaprakāśa) and 447 (Pākāvalī; Rasarājaprakaraṇa). Bodleian d.713(9), d.716(5), e.140(2); all three MSS contain the Pākāvalī (see D. Wujastyk, 1990: 93). Cat. BHU Nrs. 17–19 (Āyurvedaprakāśa), 89–90 (Pākāvalī). Cat. IO Nrs. 2696 and 2697. CBORI XVI, 1, Nrs. 19–20 (Āyurvedaprakāśa; Nr. 19 is also called Arkaprakāśa), 133–134 (Pākāvalī), 215 (Rasarājaprakaraṇa, identical with the first part of the Āyurvedaprakāśa). J. Filliozat, Liste Nrs. 12 (Āyurvedaprakāśa) and 71–72 (Pākāvalī). Editions: a sārasvatakulāvataraṇsopādhyāya-śrīmādhavaviracita āyurvedaprakāśaḥ, ācāryopā-hvena trivikramātmajena yādavaśarmaṇā saṃśodhitaḥ prakāśitaś ca, Āyurvedīya-granthamālā, puṣpa 11, Bombay 1913 [IO.San.C.303]; *ed. 1924. *b ed., with a Marāṭhī translation by R.V. Patwardhan, Poona 1925. c sārasvatamśāvatamsopādhyāya mādhavaviracitaḥ āyurvedaprakāśaḥ (pradīpo-ddyotavyākhyopetaḥ), prathamo bhāgaḥ (sātasādhanādhyāyaḥ, rasaprakaraṇam vā), vyākhyākāraḥ sāhityāyurvedācāryaḥ prophesar somadeva śarmmā śāstrī prabhākar, 1st ed., Alīgaṛh 1942. d śrīmadupādhyāyāmādhavaviracitaḥ āyurveda-prakāśaḥ, arthavidyotinī-suspaṣṭā-rthaprakāśinī-saṃskṛta-hindī-vyākhyopetaḥ, vyākhyākāraḥ: vaidyavācaspati śrīgu-larājāśarmā miśra..., Vidyābhavan Āyurveda Granthamālā 37, *1st ed., Vārāṇasī 1943; 2nd ed., 1962;

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*3rd ed., 1987. References are to d, 2nd ed. The title of the treatise is mentioned in the colophons. 2 Prose passages are rather frequent; see, for example, 1.36, 127–132, 134–139, 183–189. 3 These related subjects are: mukhakaraṇa (172–180), the vālukāyantra (184–185), rasasindūra (190–191), rasapiṣṭī (192), kajjalī (193), the kacchapayantra (199–202), and bīḍa (217–230). 4 The related subjects are: grāsamāna (258cd–262), rañjana (263–265), various bījas (266–274), śāraṇātaila (275–280), and khoṭa (300–306). 5 Nine vegetable poisons are enumerated at 1.174–175ab (a quotation from Śārṅgadhara). 6 Seven upaviṣas are found at 1.175cd–176ab (taken from Śārṅgadhara). 7 J. Filliozat (Nr. 72) records a *lithographed edition of Mādhava's Pākāvalī, published at Benares in 1879. 8 Cat. BHU Nrs. 89 and 90. CBORI XVI, 1, Nr. 134. 9 STMI 447. 10 CBORI XVI, 1, Nr. 133. 11 CBORI XVI, 1, Nrs. 133 and 134. 12 Rasayogasāgara, akārādi 272 (aśvagandhāvaleha) and 327 (ārdrakāvaleha); kakārādi 193 (kāmeśvaramodaka), 348 (keśarāvaleha) and 363 (kharjūrapāka); cakārādi 146 (copacīnī-pāka) and 179 (jātipattrīpāka); pakārādi 209 (pūgapāka). 13 This verse was borrowed from the Rasendracintāmaṇi according to Somadevaśarman's commentary. 14 This verse was borrowed from the Rasendracintāmaṇi according to Somadevaśarman's commentary. 15 This verse was borrowed from the Rasendracintāmaṇi according to Somadevaśarman's commentary. 16 A quotation from the Hārītasamhitā, as indicated: hārītam praty ātreyaḥ.

v4.c63.50.3

17 Āyurvedaprakāśa 1.418–425 and 436–449 are also from the Bhāvaprakāśa according to Somadevaśarman's commentary. 18 Āyurvedaprakāśa 1.108–112 forms also part of Rasārṇava and Rasendracintāmaṇi according to Somadevaśarman's commentary. 19 Āyurvedaprakāśa 1.335–350 is also from the Rasacintāmaṇi according to Somadevaśarman. 20 Āyurvedaprakāśa 1.25cd–27ab, 162cd–163, 164, 166, 172, 181 and 396 are also from the Rasamañjarī according to Somadevaśarman. 21 Āyurvedaprakāśa 1.161 is also from the Rasapaddhati according to Somadevaśarman. 22 Many more verses are from this source according to Somadevaśarman, for example, 1.18cd, 21cd–22, 29ab, 33–34, 45, 50–51, 75, 357–362, 366–374, 376–390, etc. 23 Āyurvedaprakāśa 1.140–148 has also been borrowed from Śārṅgadhara according to Somadevaśarman. 24 This verse is from the Rasendracintāmaṇi according to Somadevaśarman. 25 Somadevaśarman indicates that 1.118–121ab is from the Rasendracintāmaṇi, 1.181 from the Rasamañjarī. 26 These quotations are from the Rasaratnasamuccaya. 27 Āyurvedaprakāśa 1.409–414 is also from the Yogatarangiṇī according to Somadevaśarman. 28 P.K. Gode (1935a), who refers to *ed. b. 29 The Sanskrit commentary ad 1.133–134ab quotes Bṛhadvāsiṣṭha. 30 Somadevaśarman's references should be used with some caution, due to the uncertain chronology of many rasaśāstra texts. The Rasendracintāmaṇi, for example, regarded as Mādhava's main source by Somadeva, has borrowed from earlier works.

v4.c63.50.4

Fortunately, Somadevaśarman is well aware of this problem and indicates in several instances that verses, taken from the Rasendracintāmaṇi, ultimately derive from earlier texts, such as Rasārṇava and Rasahṛdaya. 31 The Rasendracintāmaṇi is left unmentioned as one of Mādhava's sources in Gulrājśarmamiśra's commentary. 32 Numbered in agreement with ed. d. 33 Mādhava does not describe his treatise as a compilation, which it clearly is. 34 Āyurvedaprakāśa 1.16–18ab = Rasaratnākara I.1.27–29ab (not indicated in the commentaries); the same doṣas are found in the Rasamañjarī. 35 This classification is found in the Rasaratnasamuccaya. 36 These descriptions are from the Rasendracintāmaṇi and Rasacintāmaṇi according to Somadevaśarman. 37 Defined as a qualitative change in the commentary of Gulrājśarmamiśra (pūrvarūpasya rūpāntaraprāptiḥ).

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38 See on these terms the Sanskrit commentary of Gulrājśarmamiśra. 39 These verses are from the *Rasendracintāmaṇi* according to Somadevaśarman. 40 These dhātus are not the metals, but abhraka, etc. (see the commentaries). 41 See the Sanskrit commentary of Gulrājśarmamiśra ad 1.324–325 on these terms. 42 Somadevaśarman indicates that this verse is also found in the *Rasahṛdaya* and *Rasendracintāmaṇi*. 43 The poṭabandha of the *Rasaratnasamuccaya* (11.72) is called pāṭabandha in the *Āyurvedaprakāśa* (1.373). 44 This verse is found in the *Rasaṃketakalikā* and *Rasakāmadhenu* according to Somadevaśarman. 45 Used in the preparation of rasaparpaṭikā according to the commentary of Gulrājśarmamiśra. 46 The preparation of a khoṭa is described at 1.313–318. 47 Jalaukābandha is an additional type, not employed in the transformation of the body, but to allure women (strīdrāvaṇa; 1.362); see on this bandha 1.464–469ab. 48 This verse is from the *Rasaṃketakalikā* (see Somadevaśarman’s commentaries). 49 This verse is from the *Rasaṃketakalikā*. Compare *Āyurvedaprakāśa* 1.397–435. 50 Nityanātha is quoted on this subject. 51 The twenty uparasas of the *Rasamañjarī* (3.1–3ab) differ from those of the *Āyurvedaprakāśa*. 52 *Dhanvantariyanighaṇṭu* 6, rasāḥ 1. The order and the names used are identical. 53 This variety does not occur in other works on alchemy. 54 Some plant names are uncommon: gobhī, hulahula, kāgadinimbū. 55 The items constituting this group are not specified. 56 This group consists of medoroga, vṛddhi, arbuda, gaṇḍamālā, etc. 57 This group comprises āmavāta, gṛdhrasī, etc. 58 These disorders are not enumerated. 59 Bāṇa is a term designating a rocket. See on fireworks in India: P.K. Gode (1953b); B.V. Subbarayappa (1971): 345–346. 60 Not described in the *Āyurvedaprakāśa*; probably the same as rudhira, i.e., carnelian. 61 The interpretation of haridrākaṣaḥ is uncertain. 62 See on the Brahmagiri: N.N. Bhattacharyya (1991): 100; N. Dey (1979): 40. 63 See, for example, the glosses ad 1.47–48 and 401–403. 64 See the glosses ad 1.140–148. 65 See, for example, 2.225, 241–242. 66 See the colophons of ed. d and of some MSS (Cat. BHU Nr. 17; Cat. IO Nrs. 2696 and 2697; CBORI XVI, 1, Nr. 19). P. Hymavathi (1993: 79) suggests that Mādhava Upādhyāya resided in Āndhra and may have been a guru in Śrīśaila; he draws attention to the use of the Telugu term varaka for gold. 67 Bodleian d.716(5). 68 CBORI XVI, 1, Nr. 215. 69 Dates assigned to the *Āyurvedaprakāśa* are: fourteenth century (ABI 415), seventeenth century (AVI 464; Bhagwan Dash, 1986: 16; S.K. Śarmā, 1992: 19), seventeenth or eighteenth century (S. Ārya, 1984: 109–110; Vṛddhatrayī 473), A.D. 1713 (ABI 596; J. Jolly, 1901: 2, C.G. Kashikar 2), A.D. 1734 (Bhagwat Sinh Jee 208), A.D. 1786 (Atrideva, 1978: 31).

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70 See on him: *Siddhaprayogalatikā*. 71 A stotra. 72 The author of the *Amarakośa*. 73 A work in Marāṭhī by Vāman Gaṇeś Desāī, *published in 1928 (see AVI 465). 74 Also quoted as *Nighaṇṭu*. 75 This upākhyāna forms part of the *Mahābhārata*. 76 The author of the *Rasapaddhati*. 77 This may be the *Yogavāsiṣṭha* (see CC I, 376). 78 The author of the *Rasakāmadhenu*. 79 The author of the *Rasāyanasārasaṃgraha*. 80 Regarded as the author of the *Rasendracintāmaṇi*. 81 The author of the *Jalpakalpataru* on the *Carakasaṃhitā*. 82 The author of the *Rasasāra*. 83 The author of the *Rasahṛdaya*. 84 Author of a commentary on the *Rasaratnasamuccaya*. 85 Hemacandra is regarded as the author of a rasatantra. 86 Mentioned as a rasaśāstrapravartakayogin and teacher of Dhuṇḍhukanātha. See Bhudeb Mookerjee’s Intr. (XXII–XXV) to Vol. V of the *Rasajalanidhi*. 87 *Āyurvedaprakāśa* 1.136 = *Rasārṇava* 1.21–22. 88 The quotation ad *Āyurvedaprakāśa* 1.162cd–163 = *Bhāvaprakāśanighaṇṭu*, guḍūcyādi 248; the quotation ad 1.397 = *Bhāvaprakāśanighaṇṭu*, dhātvādi 154. 89 I.e., Yaśodhara. 90 I.e., the *Yogavāsiṣṭha*. 91 The author of the *Rasaprakāśasudhakara*. 92 See, for example, the comments ad 1.1, 4, 10, 11, 14, 39, etc. 93 References are numbered in agreement with ed. d. Somadevaśarman’s text differs slightly from that of ed. d. 94 See the colophon of the edition.

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1 NCC VI, 178. Check-list Nr. 306. Cat. BHU Nr. 38: completed in A.D. 1660/61. AVI 307–308. Tāntrika Sāhitya 193. Edition: Gorakṣasaṃhitā, edited by Janārdana Pāṇḍeya, Sarasvatī-bhavana-granthamālā, vol. 110, 1 st ed., 2 vols., Vārāṇasī 1976 and 1977; both volumes contain an upodghāta by the editor and are provided with useful (although incomplete) indexes; the edition is mainly based on a MS of the Sarasvatī Bhavan Library (*MS Nr. 25572; see the upodghāta to vol. 1, pages tha and da). The author refers to the Bhūtiprakaraṇa as Śivasūtra (9.132). The colophons call the treatise Svacchanda Gorakṣasaṃhitā (chapters one to five), and Svacchandaśaktyavatāra Śatasāhasrī Gorakṣasaṃhitā (chapters six, seven and nine). See on references to Svacchanda in the work: D.G. White (1996): 156; this author regards the Bhūtiprakaraṇa as belonging to the Svacchandabhairava canon; he refers to the fact that its opening chapter calls the treatise an abridgment of a much longer rasatantra revealed by Svacchanda. See on Svacchanda texts: Tāntrika Sāhitya 720–721.

v4.c63.54

2 The full text of the Gorakṣasaṃhitā consists of five sections (khaṇḍa), as indicated at the end of the Bhūtiprakaraṇa (9.133); the Yogakhaṇḍa has been *edited by Prasannakumār Kaviratna (see the upodghāta to vol. 1, page ta) or P.K. Bandyopadhyay (see S.C. Banerji, 1992: 34–35; J. Pāṇḍeya, 1992: 34 and 96) in 1897; the fifth khaṇḍa is identical with the Avadhūtagītā (NCC I, 415–416: list of editions and translations) or Dattātreyagītā (NCC VI, 178; see G. Tucci, 1930: 134–136). A Nāḍījñānadīpikā on yoga forms part of the Gorakṣasaṃhitā (NCC X, 28).

v4.c63.55

3 Tantras are divided into Kādi and Hādi works (see S.C. Banerji, 1992: 35; J. Pāṇḍeya’s upodghāta to the edition, page tha). See on the contents of the Kādiprakaraṇa the upodghāta to vol. 1, pages tha to tha; the contents are related to those of the Kubjikāmatatantra; they are also remarkably similar to the Śrīmatottara (S.C. Banerji, 1992: 35; J. Pāṇḍeya’s upodghāta to the edition, page ḍa). See on the Śrīmatottara: Tāntrika Sāhitya 657. Compare D.G. White (1996): 156 and 432.

v4.c63.56

4 See on the Bhūtiprakaraṇa: D.G. White (1996): 155–158. Bhūti is a shortening of vibhūti, a synonym for the siddhis that are the goal of the work (D.G. White, 1996: 432).

v4.c63.57

5 The term khāne pāne (4.77) is used as a synonym for siddhi. This expression is also known from the Dattātreyatantra, Rasendramaṅgala and Matsyendra’s Akulavīratantra (see D.G. White, 1996: 158). See on the Akulavīratantra: D. Sensharma (1994): 40–41.

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6 Verses 278cd–313 and 327–349 were missing in the MS used for the edition.

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7 Verses 11–37a, the last part of the chapter, and its colophon, have not been preserved.

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8 Verses 1–73 were missing in the MS used for the edition.

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9 See the references in Bhāgīrathaprasāda Tripāṭhī’s Prastāvika (2–3) to vol. 2 of the edition.

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10 See Bhāgīrathaprasāda Tripāṭhī’s Prastāvika (7–8) to vol. 2.

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11 E.g., khāne pāne (4.77).

v4.c63.64

12 The Bhūtiprakaraṇa actually consists of about 2,100 verses.

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13 Usually four varieties are distinguished.

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14 Mica is not regarded as a mahārasa in the Rasārṇava and Rasahṛdaya.

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15 Usually three varieties are distinguished.

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16 This type is usually called carmāra (e.g., Rasārṇava 7.⁴⁶).

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17 The same series is mentioned in the Rasahṛdaya and Rasendracūḍāmaṇi.

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18 Usually two or three varieties are distinguished.

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19 Kāsīsa is usually of two types.

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20 Varieties of añjana are not described.

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21 The term rasaloha has another meaning in the Rasopaniṣad (4.8).

v4.c63.74

22 Sattvas are repeatedly referred to in the verses describing the rasalohas.

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23 Mentioned as khurāyasa at 2.30 and 3.⁴⁶.

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⁴⁶ Examples are: cakrasveda (6.500; 7.204), cakravahni (6.256), and cakrayoga (3.27; 6.82, 505, 514).

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24 Compare Gorakṣasaṃhitā II.6.443, where nṛpa (= rājāvarta), vaidambaka and tuttha are mentioned together.

v4.c63.78

25 The bile (pitta) of fishes is mentioned at 2.90; 6.297 and 311. The bile of peacocks is mentioned at 2.90; 6.278 and 439; 8.83. The excrements (purīṣa) of flies (makṣikā) are mentioned at 5.155, the droppings of a crow (dhvāṅkṣaviṣ or -viṣṭhā) at 3.18 and 6.11, 538, 541.

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26 The same as devadālī.

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27 Dīpana is usually the eighth saṃskāra; the repetition of pātana is unique; bāhyadruti is not mentioned.

v4.c63.81

28 Compare Rasakāmadhenu I.3.44–45 and Rasārṇava 5.22–23ab.

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29 Golaka- and bhasmabandha are described in chapter six (see 6.476).

v4.c63.83

30 Probably the same as sarpākṣī.

v4.c63.84

31 One of the names of trivṛt (see M. Abdul Kareem, 1997, Nr. 1199).

v4.c63.85

32 One of the names of pṛṇiparṇī (see M. Abdul Kareem, 1997, Nrs. 1666, 1667).

v4.c63.86

33 Probably an error for jalapūrvāmbuśitā (see Rasahṛdaya 3.4).

v4.c63.87

34 Probably the same as matsyākṣī.

v4.c63.88

35 Sixty-eight plants are enumerated if my analysis is correct. The Rasaprakāśasudhākara lists groups of sixty-eight plants. Compare the list of rasauṣadhis of the Rasaprakāśasudhākara (9.13–22) and that of vāsanausadhis of Caturbhuja’s commentary on the Rasahṛdaya.

v4.c63.89

36 Compare Rasārṇava 11.50–54, where six types are described.

v4.c63.90

37 The same classification is found in the Rasopaniṣad (17.213cd).

v4.c63.91

38 The majority are called mahauṣadhi, some are referred to as rasauṣadhi or divyauṣadhi.

v4.c63.92

39 Probably identical with somavallī.

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40 Sixty-four plants are said to be described (7.106), but their actual number is larger. Compare the plants described in the Rasopaniṣad (17.218cd–300).

v4.c63.94

41 The terms aravinda and kūrpa are employed in the Rasopaniṣad; the loharasas of the Gorakṣasaṃhitā are called rasalohas in the Rasopaniṣad; many plant names are found in both treatises.

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⁴² Some examples are 6.412; 7.1, 54, 79; 8.43.

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⁴³ Examples are 6.370 and 400.

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⁴⁴ Examples are 6.131, 133, 137, 226, 229, 272.

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⁴⁵ Examples are 6.303, 330, 376, 460, 546.

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⁴⁷ Examples are 3.19, 21, 28; 4.56; 6.138, 146, 350, 387, 474, 543. See on these terms: Ānandakanda, paribhaṣā 114–115 (together with the commentary) and Āyurvedaprakāśa 1.88.

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⁴⁸ Examples are: indīvara (6.296, 431, 444), kūrpa (6.42), vaidambaka (2.47; 6.443), viḍambaka (3.44), vidruṣa (5.67), vipluṣa (5.114), and viśrāma (6.87, 88).

v4.c63.101

49 See 6.275 and 313; 7.251. It may be jyotiṣmatītaila. 50 See 3.89 and 91; 4.45 and 52; 5.213 and 215, etc. 51 See 4.12, 24, 39; 5.211; 6.135, 144, etc. 52 See 5.210; 6.86, 98, etc. 53 See Ānandakanda I.4.437–440. 54 See, for example, 6.312 (rubūkasneha) and 340 (raktāpāmārgasneha). 55 See, for example, 6.508 (mīnasneha). 56 The authorship of Gorakṣa is very doubtful; many verses of the Yogakhaṇḍa occur verbatim in other works attributed to Gorakṣa and in treatises like the Haṭhayogapradīpikā, etc. (see S.C. Banerji, 1992: 34). 57 This king is identified as Siṃhaṇa or Siṃhaṇa, the Yādava king of Devagiri, who reigned in the first half of the thirteenth century (AVI 307–308). 58 AVI 468. P. Rāy (1956): 128. This otherwise unknown work may be the Bauddhasarvasva, quoted in Trimalla's Yogatarangiṇī (17.62–69: rasakarpūra; 17.79–84: on lohamāraṇa; 29.13–16: a formula against hikkā; 64.6: a prescription against amlapitta) and Bṛhadyogatarangiṇī (42.13–15ab: on the doṣas of mercury; 79.33–36: a formula against hikkā; 90.232–234: the formula of Dhanvantari's daśavidhaśatāvarītaila), and in the Yogaratnākara (366: a formula against hikkā). The Bauddhasarvasva, ascribed to Saugatasimha (see: Trimalla), is much later than Gorakṣa(nātha), because it mentions phiraṅgaroga as a disease to be treated with rasakarpūra. 59 NCC III, 357: in eight adhikāras; on divination and pharmacology as applied to sexual relations; *edited, with Hindī translation, Moradabad 1899. This work contains no reference to Gorakṣa anywhere (Mohan Singh, 1937: 11). 60 See the anonymous treatise of this title. 61 CC I, 165; II, 33, 198; III, 35. NCC VI, 178. C. Bouy (1994): 17–24. G.W. Briggs (1973): 251–257 and 284–304. K. Mallik (1954): 27–47. D.N. Lorenzen (1991): 31–32, 35–39, 42–43. F. Nowotny (1976): 23–24. J. Pāṇḍeya's upodghāta (page ña) to his edition of the Gorakṣasaṃhitā. B. Rama Rao and M.V. Reddy (1982). Mohan Singh (1937): 8–12. Tāntrika Sāhitya 193 (Gorakṣasābaratantra, Gorakṣasaṃhitā, Gorakṣaśataka) and 623–624 (Śabaratantra). 62 See NCC VI, 178 on quotations from the Gorakṣasaṃhitā. 63 Svacchandaśaktyavatāra is an alternative title of the Gorakṣasaṃhitā (see the chapter colophons). CC: not recorded. A MS of the Svacchandaśaktyavatāra is recorded in the Check-list (Nr. 838). 64 None of the quotations could be traced in the edited version of the Bhūtiprakaraṇa. 65 Ṭoḍara III: 4.978–981 (amṛtapālarasa). Compare Rasasvacchanda. 66 CC I, 749: called Svacchandaśaktāgama. 67 Ṭoḍara III: 4.1039–1043 (sūtaśekhara). 68 Ānandakanda, paribhāṣā 114 (a definition of sṛṣṭi). 69 Ad Āyurvedaprakāśa 1.88–89 (a definition of sṛṣṭyambuja). 70 Bṛhadrasarājasundara 439 (gorakṣavaṭī). 71 See CBORI XVI, 1, Nr. 304. 72 Rasakāmadhenu I.1.176 (on a mudrā). 73 Rasaratnadīpikā 83–84 (bhūnimbuvādimodaka). 74 Rasaratnākara IV: 4.99–100 (a rasāyana formula). 75 Ad Rasaratnasamuccaya 3.147 (on the varieties of cinnabar).

v4.c63.102

76 Ṭoḍara III: 3.59 (on the treatment of fever) and 4.946–948 (somabāṇarasa); V: 11.790–791 (viṣagarbhataila) and 799 (a prescription against pāsurikāvāta, i.e., pārśvavāta); VI: 18.287–291 (a prescription); IX: 1.49 (substitutes for six plants of the group called aṣṭavarga), 485–491 (substitutes for medicinal substances which are difficult to procure); 2.192 (the preparation of the bhasman of mercury); 3.170 (the two types of iron ore); 4.690 (the characteristics of the gem called rasonikā). 77 Bṛhadyogatarangiṇī 4.11cd–18ab and 19cd–21cd (on substitutes for drugs); 42.12 (on the doṣas of mercury). 78 See: Yogatarangiṇī. 79 Vaidyacintāmaṇi 284 (gorakṣavaṭaka). 80 Bheṣajasamhitā 6, Nr. 49 (from the Rasoddhāratantra). 81 Bṛhadyogatarangiṇī 81.28–30; Yogaratnākara 377. This formula is found in many treatises (see Bhāratabhaiṣajyaratnākara II, Nr. 1584, and Rasayogasāgara, kakārādi 504). 82 The literature on Gorakṣanātha and the Nāthasiddhas is extensive. Works and articles dealing with the subject are: P.K. Bandyopadhyay (1992); A.K. Banerjea (1983); A.K. Banerjee (1979); S.C. Banerji (1992): 28–33; D. Bhārati (1968): 322–326; N.N. Bhattacharyya (1996): 248–252; C. Bouy (1994); G.W. Briggs (1973); S. Dasgupta (1946): 219–287, 442–460; S. Das Gupta (1969): 191–398; H. Dvivedi (1955); M. Eliade (1960): 299–308 and 403; J.N. Farquhar (1967); D. Gold and A.G. Gold (1984); J. Gonda (1963): 219–224; G.A. Grierson (1913); A. Grünwedel (1916): 153–155, (1970); see index); S.D. Gupta (1969): 191–255 and 367–398; O.P. Jaggi V (1973); D.P. Khakhar (1878); C. Lassen (1861): 626–629; J.K. Locke (1980): 427–443; P. Mahapatra (1972): 75–96; K. Mallik (1954); F. Nowotny (1976): 19–59; *S.C. Mitra (1927); B. Rama Rao and M.V Reddy (1982); B.A. Saletore (1937); S. Sen (1956); Mohan Singh (1937); G. Unbescheid (1980); N.N. Upādhyāya (1965); A.N. Upadhye (1969); M. Venkata Reddy and B. Rama Rao (1983); R. Venkatraman (1990): 33–40, 53–54; D.G. White (1996); H.H. Wilson (1862): I, 213–218. See also the upodghāta to volume I of the edition of the Gorakṣasaṃhitā (pages ca to ña). 83 Gorakṣa is one of the eighty-four Siddhas in Abhayadatta's work on this group; see Sempa Dorje (1998): 30–33 (Hindī translation) and 41–46 (Tibetan text). 84 The BHU MS of the Gorakṣasaṃhitā (Nr. 38) dates from A.D. 1660/61. D.G. White (1996: 157) places the Bhūtiprakaraṇa in the twelfth to thirteenth century (see his arguments). 85 See F. Nowotny (1976): 19–23. 86 *N. Upadhyaya (1977); see B. Rama Rao and M.V. Reddy (1982): 36. 87 Mohan Singh (1937): 18–22. 88 M. Eliade (1960): 301. 89 D. Sensharma (1994): 25–26. 90 Kalyani Mallik (1954): 10–11. 91 G.W. Briggs (1973): 228–250. 92 C. Bouy (1994): 15: Gorakṣa(nātha) is mentioned in the Śārṅgadharapaddhati (middle fourteenth century) and Jñānanātha's Marāṭhī Dīpikā on the Bhagavadgītā (last quarter thirteenth century). 93 AVI 306–307. 94 C. Lassen (1861): 628.

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Kākacaṇḍīśvarīmatatantra to Rasaḥṛdayatantra

v4.c63.104

1 CC I, 89; II, 17 and 101. NCC III, 295. Check-list Nr. 361. STMI 93. An alternative title of the work is Kākacaṇḍīśvarī(mata)tantra. The Kavīndrācāryasūcipatram records a Kākacaṇḍīśvaratantra (Nr. 970) as a work on rasāyana. Edition: ed., together with the Rasaprakāśasudhakara, under the title of Bhāratīya-rasāyana-śāstra, by Viśveśvaradayālu Vaidyarāja, Harihara Press, Etawah 1930 [IO.San.B.986(c)]. References are to the extracts in P. Rāy (1956): 345–350. Compare Kākacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra.

v4.c63.105

2 See on Kākacaṇḍī and other avicephalic goddesses: D.G. White (1996): 152.

v4.c63.106

3 The Kākacaṇḍīśvarīmatatantra is Śākta in its orientation according to D.G. White (1996): 152.

v4.c63.107

4 Compare S.C. Banerji (1992): 134.

v4.c63.108

5 Marḍana (2.15 and 18), jāraṇa (2.4, 30, 32), māraṇa (2.11, 12, 23, 32), sāraṇa (2.30).

v4.c63.109

6 See P. Rāy's extracts and the quotations in the Pāradasamhitā (p.225: 29.10–16; p.381: 45.15 and 18–20).

v4.c63.110

7 See 6.20–31.

v4.c63.111

8 Andhamūṣā (2.15); gostanakārā (2.22).

v4.c63.112

9 Adhoyantra (2.27); taptakhalva (2.27).

v4.c63.113

10 See on the contents of this treatise: S. Ārya (1984): 49–51; T. Goudriaan and S. Gupta (1981): 124–125; P. Rāy (1956): 150 (translation of some passages) and 345–350 (part of the text); Satyaprakāś (1960): 424–430 (with the same extracts from the text as in P. Rāy); V. Śukla I, 188; Tāntrika Sāhitya 97; D.G. White (1996): 152–155.

v4.c63.114

11 See CC I, 101; Tāntrika Sāhitya 97 and 495.

v4.c63.115

12 See Tāntrika Sāhitya 97.

v4.c63.116

13 See Kākacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra. D.G. White (1996): 152 is convinced that there is little or no relationship between the two texts.

v4.c63.117

14 See D.G. White (1996): 154–155.

v4.c63.118

15 See Pāradasamhitā 29.4–9 and 10–16; 31, page 257; 37.171–176; 45.15, 18–20, 23–29, 30–31, 32.

v4.c63.119

16 Toḍara IX: 1.476–477 (the medicinal uses of poisons of the brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya and śūdra types); 2.395–396 (the preparation of kṣayāntakarasa; this recipe is absent from the Rasayogasāgara).

v4.c63.120

17 See Bṛhadrasarājasundara 138 (on the māraṇa of abhrakaśattva).

v4.c63.121

18 S.K. Śarmā (1992: 18) assigns the work to the twelfth century. Satyaprakāś (1960: 424) places it in the twelfth or thirteenth century. D.G. White (1996: 154–155) remarks that some version of the text was already extant in the twelfth century, as it is cited in, for example, the Dattātreyatantra, while other evidence makes clear that it was reworked over a period of several centuries.

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19 CC I, 89: Kākacaṇḍīśvarī (tantra; med.); II, 17: Kākacaṇḍīśvarī (tantra; see Mahārasāyanavidhi), 101: Mahārasāyanavidhi or Kākacaṇḍīśvarīmata (a tantric medical tract). NCC III, 295. Check-list Nr. 361: Kākacaṇḍīśvarīmata. STMI 93: Kākacaṇḍīśvarī.

v4.c63.123

Edition: kākacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantram, paṇḍita rāmakṛṣṇa-śarmaṇā sampāditam, baṭukanātha-śarmā...ity etena likhitayā prastāvanayā sanāthīkṛtam, Kāśī Sanskrit Series 73, Vidyā-vilāsa Press, Benares 1929 [IO.San.D.338/73]; kākacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantram, ‘vidyotinī-’hindīvyākhyopetam, vyākhyākāraḥ: śrī kailāśapati pāṇḍeya, Kāśī Saṃskṛta Granthamālā 73, 2nd ed., Vārāṇasī 1963; 3rd ed., Vārāṇasī 1983. References are to the 3rd ed. The title of the treatise is mentioned at the end as Kākacaṇḍīśvarakalpatantra.

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20 Compare the kalpas of the Ānandakanda, Gaurīkaṇḍalīkalatantra, Rasārṇava and Rasārṇavakalpa.

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21 These substances are śailodaka, udaka, gandhaka and maṇḍūkahātu.

v4.c63.126

22 Some of these kalpas (for example, the brahmavṛkṣa- and nirguṇḍikalpa) have verses in common with kalpas of the Rasaratnākara, Rasāyanakhaṇḍa 4.

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23 Compare NCC III, 295: the name of the treatise is based on Kākacaṇḍīśvarī, a form of Śakti, to whom Śiva is said to have revealed this text.

v4.c63.128

24 See: Kākacaṇḍīśvarīmatatantra.

v4.c63.129

25 Pāradasamhitā 143: a statement on abhrakadruti, probably from the Kākacaṇḍīśvarīmatatantra.

v4.c63.130

26 It is not clear which work is quoted.

v4.c63.131

27 NCC III, 295.

v4.c63.132

28 S. Ārya (1984): 104.

v4.c63.133

29 See on the contents of and the plants mentioned in the treatise: V.P. Tiwari, D.N. Tiwari and P. Joshi (1979).

v4.c63.134

30 See: Rasārṇavakalpa.

v4.c63.135

31 Probably Aḷakā, the residence of Kubera in the Himālaya.

v4.c63.136

32 See N.N. Bhattacharyya (1991): 268; N. Dey (1979): 177.

v4.c63.137

33 See on śailodaka: V. Deshpande (1987): 19; K. Karttunen (1989): 186; A. Waley (1930–32: stone-juice). See also: Rasārṇava.

v4.c63.138

34 Compare the śailodakakalpas of the Rasārṇava and Rasārṇavakalpa.

v4.c63.139

35 See N.N. Bhattacharyya (1991): 100; N. Dey (1979): 40; B.C. Law (1984): 146.

v4.c63.140

36 See N.N. Bhattacharyya (1991): 138; N. Dey (1979): 70; B.C. Law (1984): 79, 153.

v4.c63.141

37 See MW.

v4.c63.142

38 See N. Dey (1979): 100–101; B.C. Law (1984): 21–22; S. Saxena (1995): 419.

v4.c63.143

39 The name of a river. See: N.N. Bhattacharyya (1991): 241; N. Dey (1979): 144; B.C. Law (1984): 292.

v4.c63.144

40 See N.N. Bhattacharyya (1991): 274.

v4.c63.145

41 This may be Śrī Laṅka.

v4.c63.146

42 See: Rasaratnākara.

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43 See N. Dey (1979): 204.

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44 Compare Vyāghra of the Rasārṇavakalpa.

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45 The weight of the niṣka is not specified; one niṣka is approximately four grams according to Bhagwan Dash and Lalitesh Kashyap (v. p.543). See MW and PW: niṣka. The niṣka is mentioned at Manusmṛti 8.137. Compare F.R.S. Edward Thomas (1970): niṣka.

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46 Compare, for example, Hāritasamhitā V.2.2.

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47 The Mahānadī (see N.N. Bhattacharyya, 1991: 210; N. Dey, 1979: 117), the ocean, and a devakhāta mahāhrada (a large tank made by the gods) are mentioned.

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48 Compare the vandākakalpa of the Ānandakanda (I.22).

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51 Edition: kūpīpakva rasa-nirmāṇa vijñāna, lekhak va bhāṣākār hariśaraṇānand vaidya, Ayurveda Vijñāna Granthamālā 6, Amṛtasara 1941. References are to page numbers of this edition. The same author wrote a *Bhasmavijñāna* in two volumes, published in Amritsar, 1954; he was the director of the Pañjāb Ayurvedic Pharmacy (see AVI 466). 52 See on the process of kūpīpāka: The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Part I (1978): 167. 53 Only quotations from less well-known works are indicated by page number. 54 Rāmanātha's work of this title? Also one of the sources of the Rasayogasāgara. 55 NCC XII, 36. Edition: pāradasaṃhitā, hindīṭīkāsahitā, agravālakalabhūṣaṇa-aligaṛhanivāsī bābū nirañjanaprasāda guptena saṃgṛhītā, marudeśāntargatajaisalameravāstavyena vyāsopāhvayjeṣthamallakāvyatīrthena manuṣyabhāṣāyāṃ anūdita, Veṅkateśvar Press, Bombay 1916 [BL.14044.e.1; IO.9.M.8]; Śrīveṅkateśvar Press, Bombay 1988. The treatise is called Rasarājasaṃhitā in the colophons. References are to page numbers. The Pāradasaṃhitā is mentioned by R.C. Majumdar (1971: 265) and P.V. Sharma (AVI 468). 56 See Jyeṣthamalla's bhūmikā to the edition (3). 57 Also quoted in the Bṛhadrasarājasundara and Rasakāmadhenu. 58 This list is incomplete; one or two page numbers only are given where the work mentioned is quoted. 59 A work by Raghunāthaprasāda. 60 The Dharanīdharasaṃhitā by Dharaṇīdhara, son of Jvālānanada (see bhūmikā, 4) is profusely quoted. 61 A work in Hindī. 62 An anonymous work (see bhūmikā, 4). 63 A work in Hindī. 64 An anonymous work according to the bhūmikā (4), but, actually, Nāgārjuna's work of this title (see Pāradasaṃhitā 45.16–17). 65 Examples are: jambū se prāpt pustak (220); bhāṣāpustak of Paṇḍit Kulamani (486); ek bhāṣā pustak (467). 66 For example, the Kitāb Ilm Maujūdāt (548, 549). 67 Quotations in Persian are rather common (see, for example, pages 299, 340, 341, 342). 68 This may be an error for Bhāluki. 69 Also mentioned in the commentary on the Rasahṛdaya. 70 Compare the Ghoḍācolī of the commentary on the Rasahṛdaya. 71 Also mentioned in the commentary on the Rasahṛdaya. 72 Also mentioned in the commentary on the Rasahṛdaya. 73 Also mentioned in the commentary on the Rasahṛdaya. 74 Compare the Thiṇṭhinī of the commentary on the Rasahṛdaya. 75 Probably Vyāḍi. 76 See Jyeṣthamalla's bhūmikā (5). 77 R.C. Majumdar (1971: 265) places the Pāradasaṃhitā of Nirañjanaprasāda Gupta in the eighteenth century or earlier. 78 Edition: Rasa-bhaiṣajyakalpanā Vijñāna by Vaidya Saṃtoṣ Kumar Śarmā “Khāṇḍal”, vols. 1 (Rasa Śāstra) and 2 (Bhaiṣajyakalpanā), 1st ed., Jaypur 1992. 79 CC: not recorded. The author of this work is unknown to me. 80 CC I, 77 and 494: Rasakaṅkāli by Kaṅkāli; II, 15: Kaṅkālayarasādhyāya by Kaṅkālaya, or rather by a pupil of his; II, 108: Kaṅkālayarasādhyāyavṛttika by Merutuṅga, pupil of

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