Shringaraprakasha 5.p2.1

5.p2.1

iti | viśeṣaṇaṃ yathā--kartavyaṃ, pācakaḥ, subodhamiti | taddhitābhideyaṃ dvidhā---sāpekṣakriyamanepekṣitakriyaṃ ca | tayossāpekṣakriyaṃ yathā--iṣṭī yajñe, parigaṇitī yājñikye, āmnātī chandasi, adhītī vyākaraṇe, kṛtapūrvī kaṭamiti | anekṣakriyaṃ yatā--pākevana nirvṛttaṃ pākami, sekena nirvṛttaṃ sekimaṃ, kuṭṭena kuṭṭimaṃ, karaṇena kṛtrimaṃ, śyenapāko'syāṃ tilapāko'syāṃ tilapāko'syāṃ kriyāyāṃ śyainaṃpātā tailaṃ pāteti | prakṛtipratyayobhayadvārakaṃ padārthaviśeṣaṇamupaskārārthaḥ | sa tridā, prakṛtidvārakaḥ, pratyayadvārakaḥ, ubhayadvārakaśca | teṣu prakṛtidvārakaḥ ṣoḍhā, lopāgamasavarṇavikārādeśapratyāpattyapapadopaskārabhedāt | teṣu rañjerṇau mṛgaramaṇena lopa ityādi | lopopaskārārthaḥ yathā-- dhṛtahetirapyadhṛtajihmagatiścaritairmumīnadharayan gurubhaiḥ | rajāyāñcakāra virajaḥ sa mṛgān kimiveśate ramayituṃ na guṇāḥ || aśvavṛṣayormaithunecchāyāmityādirāgamopaskārārthaḥ yathā--- anekayugajīvinyāstrotā yasyastrayodaśī | sā kṣīrakaṇkaṃ vatsaṃ vṛṣasyantī na lajjitā || veśca svano bhojane mūrdhanya ityādivarṇavikāropaskārārthaḥ yathā-- glānicchekṣutprabodhāya pītvā raktaṃ riṣṭaṃ jhāṣitājīrṇaśeṣaḥ | svāduṅkāraṃ māṃsakhaṇḍopadaṃśaṃ kroṣṭā ḍimbhaṃ vyāṇvaṇadvyasvanañca || mātarmātacputre ślāghya ityādirādeśopaskārārthaḥ yathā-- gaurī mā tasya tasyaitāḥ kārtikeyasya kīrtayaḥ | kīrtitāsu na kīrtyante yāsu kasyāpi kīrtayaḥ || 5.15.

… thus. A modifier [is seen] as in: *kartavyaṃ* ('to be done'), *pācakaḥ* ('cook'), *subodham* ('easy to understand'). What is denoted by a secondary derivative affix (*taddhita*) is twofold: having an expected action, and having an unexpected action. Between these two, having an expected action is as in: *iṣṭī yajñe* ('desirous in sacrifice'), *parigaṇitī yājñikye* ('reckoning in rituals'), *āmnātī chandasi* ('well-versed in metrics'), *adhītī vyākaraṇe* ('studious in grammar'), *kṛtapūrvī kaṭam* ('having previously made a mat'). Having an unexpected action is as in: *pākena nirvṛttaṃ pākimaṃ* ('produced by cooking, *pākima*'), *sekena nirvṛttaṃ sekimaṃ* ('produced by sprinkling, *sekima*'), *kuṭṭena kuṭṭimaṃ* ('inlaid by hammering, *kuṭṭima*'), *karaṇena kṛtrimaṃ* ('artificial by fabrication, *kṛtrima*'), *śyenapāko 'syāṃ tilapāko 'syāṃ kriyāyāṃ śyainaṃpātā tailaṃpātā* ('a cooking-like-a-falcon in this action, a sesame-cooking in this action: *śyainaṃpātā*, *tailaṃpātā*').

The supplementation (*upaskārārtha*) is a modifier of the word-meaning operating by means of both the morphological base and the affix. It is threefold: operating through the morphological base, operating through the affix, and operating through both. Among these, that operating through the morphological base is of six kinds, due to the distinctions of supplementation by elision (*lopa*), augment (*āgama*), sound modification (*varṇavikāra*), substitute (*ādeśa*), reversion to base form (*pratyāpatti*), and co-occurring nominal (*upapada*). Among these, the supplementation by elision, as in [the rule] 'elision of *rañj* when followed by *ṇi* with reference to hunting deer,' etc., is as in:
'Though bearing weapons, he walked no crooked path; surpassing the sages with his deeds of high renown, / he, free from passion, delighted the deer—what indeed can qualities not charm?'
Supplementation by augment, as in [the rule] 'in the desire of copulation of a horse or a bull,' etc., is as in:
'For her, living through many yugas, the thirteenth [year] was flowing; / she, craving a bull (*vṛṣasyantī*), was not ashamed before her calf drinking a drop of milk.'
Supplementation by sound modification, as in [the rule] 'and of *svana* preceded by *vi* in the sense of eating, the [sibilant becomes] retroflex,' etc., is as in:
'To awaken hunger from the fatigue of consumption, having drunk blood … remaining from an unresolved indigestion, / relishing morsels of flesh as side-dishes, the jackal crackled (*vyasvaṇat*) and barked at the child.'
Supplementation by substitute, as in [the rule] '*mātar* with *mātac* praised in the sense of a son,' etc., is as in:
'Gaurī is his mother; these are the glories of that Kārtikeya, / upon the singing of which the glories of no one else are sung.' || 5.15.