Shringaraprakasha 1.p1.20

1.p1.20

Now, the examples of these: prapacati, parākaroti, kārikākaroti, śuklīkaroti, paṭapaṭākaroti, paṭatkaroti, khāṭkaroti, satkaroti, asatkaroti, alaṃkṛtya, antarhatya, kaṇehatya, manohatya, puraskṛtya, astaṃgatya, acchagatya, acchodya, adaḥkṛtya, tirobhūya, tiraskṛtvā, tiraskṛtya, upājekṛtvā, upājekṛtya, anvājekṛtvā, anvājekṛtya, sākṣātkṛtvā, sākṣātkṛtya, mithyākṛtvā, mithyākṛtya, urasikṛtvā, urasikṛtya, manasikṛtvā, manasikṛtya, madhyekṛtvā, madhyekṛtya, padekṛtvā, padekṛtya, nivacanekṛtvā, nivacanekṛtya, hastekṛtya, pāṇaukṛtya, prādhvaṅkṛtya, jīvikākṛtya, upaniṣatkṛtya, upaniṣatkṛtam, yad upaniṣatkaroti, yadi upaniṣatkaroti. / The prefixes (upasarga) are precisely specific kinds of gati: / 'pra, parā, apa, sam, anu, ava, nis, dus, vi, āṅ, ni, and adhi, as well as api, ati, su, ut, and abhi; / along with prati, these are to be characterized, and the characterization of pari and upa also belongs here. / Bhāguri desires the elision of the prefix ava and api, / the elision of the m of sam before hitā and the like, and the recitation here of śrad and antar.' / Thus these twenty, together with [api and] ava, sam, śrad, and antar, become twenty-five prefixes. 1.19 They indeed are widely distinguished sixfold as: [1] directly denotative (vācaka), [2] revelatory (dyotaka), [3] modifying (viśeṣaka), [4] co-expressive (sahābhidhāyaka), [5] functional (kāryārthaka), and [6] devoid of meaning (nirarthaka).