四分律行事鈔資持記 2.2114

2.2114

Under 'intrinsic nature', it first shows the name. Because it does not arise from others, it is called 'intrinsic nature'; because the entity itself is the result, it is called 'independent'. Under the upper grade: The Saṅgha's eating utensils mean those permanently residing for the ten directions; 'present in the ten directions' means, as when deceased persons' belongings have not yet undergone karmavācanā, looking broadly to the ten directions there is no criterion for completing a quorum of five. It merely adduces four aspects, and by 'and so on' includes the two heinous deeds (ānantarya), sexual misconduct through improper orifices, killing non-humans, and the like. Under the medium grade: 'Schism of the karmavācanā' is stated to distinguish it from [the schism of] the wheel of Dharma. 'The realm of saṅghāvaśeṣa' means causing emission of semen for another. Also, the various resultant sthūlātyayas within saṅghāvaśeṣa—such as touching a person with dual characteristics or a paṇḍaka, hair and nails touching each other, and the like—are all subsumed under the medium grade. Under the lower grade: Hair in the three places refers to the underarms and the urinary and fecal passages. 'Pouring into the lower regions' means pouring ghee or oil into the lower parts of the body. (Most lustful persons in the Western Countries do this.) Above the character 'stone' there should be the character 'wood'; wooden bowls are identical to non-Buddhists, and stone bowls usurp the Buddha. In the Vinaya, all matters that resemble non-Buddhists are prescribed as sthūlātyaya offenses; things such as grass garments, leaf garments, bird-feather garments, leather garments, feeding on wind, and consuming vapor are all subsumed under the lower grade. In the Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya, it is of the lower grade. In the Dharmaguptaka, instructing others [to commit offenses] of the first category belongs to the upper grade, and of the second category belongs to the medium grade, hence it says 'light and heavy are the same as above.'