梵網經菩薩戒本疏 1.35

1.35

Eighth, the section on minor and major [offenses] has two parts: first, distinguishing them generally; second, discussing them specifically. In distinguishing generally the minor and major of the ten precepts: among these ten precepts, how many are major courses of karma? There are five, namely the first four and the tenth. How many are major obstructions to the path? There are three, namely defaming, stinginess, and anger. How many are major yet slightly minor? There are two, namely selling [alcohol] and speaking [of faults]. Furthermore, dividing into three: 1. Among the first four, killing a human, stealing five [māṣas], up to great false speech, being the same as the Hīnayāna, are the most grave; 2. The latter four entirely are next in gravity; 3. The fifth and sixth entirely, and minor portions of the first and fourth—meaning regarding non-humans, non-five [māṣas], non-passages, and minor false speech—these should be slightly minor. Furthermore, the first five incur much public censure; the latter five should incur less. Furthermore, selling [alcohol] pertains solely to proscriptive [precepts] (pratiṣedha), while the rest apply to both proscriptive and natural [offenses] (prakṛti). There is an opinion: all ten precepts apply to both types of offenses. Second, discussing them specifically: within each and every one there are minor and major aspects, which will be distinguished when reaching the text below.