起信論疏筆削記 19.57

19.57

偽中，疏　四禪即色界，亦靜亦慮，故謂之禪。四空即無色界，有靜無慮，故唯云定。不淨即觀身五種，謂種子、住處、自體、自相、究竟不淨，廣如下說。安般者，梵語安那般那，此云出息入息。上二即五停心觀之二也。等者，更等後三，及四無量、六妙門、十六特勝、通明禪等一切事定也。取境相者，以非理定，但緣彼息等諸相，不稱真如，不出三界，故名世間定也。然天台明諸禪定總為三：一世間禪、二出世間禪、三出世間上上禪。世間復二種：一、世間味禪，即四禪、四無量、四空定也；二、世間淨禪，即六妙門、十六特勝、通明禪。二出世間禪有四：一、觀禪，謂九想、八背捨、八勝處、十一切處；二、鍊禪，謂九次第定；三、熏禪，謂師子奮迅三昧；四、修禪，即超越三昧也。三出世間上上禪有九：謂自性禪、一切禪、難禪、一切門禪、善人禪、一切行禪、除惱禪、此世他世禪、清淨淨禪，行相廣如《次第禪門》，略如《法界次第》，學者要知，應檢彼文。

Among the counterfeit ones, the commentary's "The four dhyānas are precisely the form realm; they involve both calming and reflection, and hence are called dhyāna. The four formless concentrations are precisely the formless realm; they have calming but no reflection, and hence are only called concentration. Impurity is contemplating the five kinds of the body, namely impurity of seeds, of dwelling place, of self-nature, of self-characteristic, and of the ultimate, as explained in detail below. Ānāpāna is in Sanskrit *ānāpānasmṛti*, translated here as exhalation and inhalation. The above two are two of the five methods for stilling the mind. 'Etc.' includes the latter three, as well as the four immeasurables, the six subtle doors, the sixteen superior practices, the concentration of unimpeded clarity, and all such concentrations on phenomena. Regarding 'grasping at objective marks': Because these are not concentrations on principle, they merely take those marks such as breath as cognitive objects, do not accord with tathatā, and do not transcend the three realms; hence they are called worldly concentrations. Furthermore, Tiantai explains the various dhyāna concentrations as three in total: first, worldly dhyānas; second, world-transcending dhyānas; third, highest world-transcending dhyānas. Worldly dhyānas are again of two kinds: first, worldly relished dhyānas, namely the four dhyānas, the four immeasurables, and the four formless concentrations; second, worldly pure dhyānas, namely the six subtle doors, the sixteen superior practices, and the concentration of unimpeded clarity. The second, world-transcending dhyānas, are of four kinds: first, contemplation dhyānas, namely the nine perceptions, the eight liberations, the eight stages of mastery, and the ten universal bases; second, refining dhyānas, namely the nine successive concentrations; third, perfuming dhyānas, namely the lion-like sprinting samādhi; fourth, cultivating dhyānas, namely the surpassing samādhi. The third, highest world-transcending dhyānas, are of nine kinds: namely, self-nature dhyāna, all-inclusive dhyāna, difficult dhyāna, all-door dhyāna, virtuous person dhyāna, all-practice dhyāna, affliction-removing dhyāna, this-world-and-other-world dhyāna, and purely pure dhyāna. The marks of their practice are detailed in the *Cidi chanmen*, and summarized in the *Fajie cidi*; students who wish to know should consult those texts.