佛祖統紀 32.12

32.12

The Northern Di. In the Zhou there were the Shanrong and Xianyun. In the Qin and Han there were the Xiongnu. During the reigns of Emperors Huan and Ling there were the Xianbei. In the Later Wei there were the Rouran (Ruanruan), in the Western Wei the Tujue, and in the Tang the Uyghurs (Huihe); all these occupied the former territories of the Xiongnu. In the Tang, the Khitan resided between Song and Mo; by the Song dynasty they grew increasingly powerful and called themselves the Great Liao. Later there were the Jurchen, who called themselves the Great Jin, and the Tatars, who called themselves the Mongols. ○ The Western Qiang were a affliction during the Three Dynasties. By the Qin and Han they were driven beyond the river barriers. During the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han, Zhao Chongguo defeated the Xianling and established the Jincheng Dependent State to settle the surrendered Qiang. In the Eastern Han they repeatedly caused trouble, and Duan Jiong crushed them. In the Wei and Jin they caused much disorder in Guanlong. After the Yongjia era there were the Tuyuhun. At the beginning of the Tang, Tibet (Tufan) annexed the Tuyuhun, Dangxiang, and various Qiang tribes, thereupon becoming a powerful empire. ○ The various countries of the Southern Seas: Funan, Dandan, Jiaozhi, Chenla, Kulam (Gulin), Tāzī (Dashi), Baghdad (Baida), Daqin, Rūm (Lumei), and Miṣr (Wusili) (from the Miscellaneous Records of Island Barbarians). Those that came to present tribute in the Song dynasty were Champā (Zhancheng), Śrīvijaya (Sanfoqi), Borneo (Boni), Java (Shepo), Cola (Zhulian), Danliumei, and Butuan (Puduan).